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Section Grammar直接引语和间接引语()祈使句1(教材P12)“Look at this example，”the teacher said to us.The teacher told us to look at that example.2(教材P12)“Would you like to see my flat？”she asked.She asked me to see her flat.3“Dont look out of the window, boys，”said the teacher.The teacher told the boys not to look out of the window.4He said，“How clever the child is！”He said how clever the child was.祈使句的直接引语变间接引语，祈使句的间接引语形式多采用“动词宾语动词不定式”结构。常见的引述动词有ask，tell，beg，warn，remind，advise，order等。1引述表示命令的祈使句，变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/order sb.(not) to do sth.的形式。“Finish the task in ten minutes，”the manager said to the clerk.The manager told the clerk to finish the task in ten minutes.“Keep silent！”the chairman said to the students. The chairman ordered the students to keep silent.2当直接引语为表示建议、提议、请求、劝告的祈使句(或表示请求、提议、劝告、建议的疑问句)时，多用suggestdoing/that从句(如suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should动词原形，should也可省略)，及ask/advise/want/beg sb.to do等结构。Mary said，“Lets go to the art exhibition this afternoon.”Mary suggested going to the art exhibition that afternoon.Mary suggested that we (should) go to the art exhibition that afternoon.“Please have a rest，”she said to us.She asked us to have a rest.3引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句用remind，warn等词转述。“Take an umbrella in case of rain，”his mother said to him.His mother reminded him to take an umbrella in case of rain.The leader said to the workers，“Dont speak while working.”The leader warned the workers not to speak while working.(1)无论是否定祈使句，还是表示委婉语气的否定疑问句，在变为间接引语时，要用不定式的否定形式：not/never to do sth.；(2)直接引语中的称呼语变为间接引语时，一般把它当作主句谓语动词的宾语用。She said，“Dont make so much noise, children！”She told the children not to make so much noise.4感叹句的直接引语变间接引语，直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语可用what或how引导，也可以用that引导。“What a beautiful dress it is！”the girl said to her friend.The girl told her friend what a beautiful dress it was.“How lovely the girl is！”he said.He said how lovely the girl was. 将下列直接引语变为间接引语1“Wear a warm coat, Mary，” said Jenny.Jenny told Mary to wear a warm coat.2“Dont open the door before the bus stops，” Mr. Zhang warned.Mr. Zhang warned us not to open the door before the bus stopped.3“Do you know where she lives？” he asked.He asked whether I knew where she lived4The young man said to me, “I like Beijing very much.”The young man told me that he liked Beijing very much.5“Ill go over the grammar lesson once again，” he said.He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again.6“Stop talking，” the monitor said to the class.The monitor told the class to stop talking7“Dont take off your coat，” she said to her sister.She told her sister not to take off her coat.8She asked, “Dont you know my telephone number？”She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not.9“Do you like this one？” Tom asked.Tom asked me whether I liked that one.10My mother asked, “Where have you been？”My mother asked me where I had been 单句改错1Dad asked us not play that dangerous game.play前加to2The woman warned him not to driving after drinking.drivingdrive3Miss Zhou had told us to copy the words three times two days ago.agobefore4The leader ordered that we to leave the village before daybreak.去掉to5Mary said，“Would you please explain this question to me then？”thennow 语法与写作1男孩告诉老师他将尽他所能赶上其他人。The boy told his teacher that he would try his best to catch up with others.2我老师问我是否喜欢打篮球。My teacher asked me if/whether I liked playing basketball3请叫邻居们不要这样喧哗。(make)Please ask the neighbours not to make so much noise4妈妈告诫孩子不要太靠近水边。(get)The mother warned her child not to get too close to the water.5妈妈告诉我在爸爸睡觉时不要弹吉他(guitar)。Mother told me not to play the guitar while my father was sleeping. 句型转换1The headmaster said to us, “Spend more time on your study.”The headmaster told us to spend more time on our study.2The woman said to her son, “Dont touch my computer.”The woman told her son not to touch her computer.3“Can I use your dictionary？” Tony said.Tony asked me to use my dictionary.4“Get everything ready in two hours，” the boss said to us.The boss ordered us to get everything ready in two hours.5Mum said to us, “Dont waste water or electricity any longer.”Mum warned us not to waste water or electricity any longer.6Peter said to me, “Would you please help me with the maths question now？”Peter asked me to help him with the maths question then7The teacher told his students not to waste time on those useless things.The teacher said to his students, “Dont waste time on these useless things.”8Martin asked his friend to go to the library with him the next day.Martin said to his friend，“Lets go to the library tomorrow”9Henry asked me to join a dance club with him in two days time.Henry asked, “Could you join a dance club with me the day after tomorrow？”10My father told us not to make the same mistake the next time.My father said to us, “Dont make the same mistake next time.” 阅读理解AHave you ever thought of getting away from the present life and doing something completely different? Well, here are some people who have done just that.Back to the landIn his early forties, Peter Van Der Groot was a successful salesman.He had a large beautiful home.But Peter worked long hours, and he saw little of his home and family.He enjoyed his job, but he was never there to see his children growing up.Then last year, the firm(公司) he worked for closed down, and, unexpectedly, Peter had the chance to do something different.So Peter and his family sold their house in London and moved to the countryside.They bought a smaller house with some land.Today, Peter is more relaxed.He spends time with his children, and he has seen them change into healthy, happy kids.Hes started working on his land, growing fruit and vegetables.Now he and his family have a common, but comfortable life.Life in the sunHusband and wife Rob and Manda Brent used to be teachers, but they have both given up their jobs, and neither of them plans to return to the school where they worked in Birminghams city centre.Now they live in Italy, where theyve bought a farmhouse in Tuscan Hills.“Were going to offer bed and breakfast，” said Rob.“Weve never had our own business before, so itll be quite a challenge(挑战). And weve borrowed a lot of money from the bank to get started.”“In this first threemonth period, were settling in and repairing the farmhouse，” said Manda.“Then well open our doors to guests.” Bed and breakfast will not be the only way for them to get money, though.“The farm has got olive(橄榄) trees and the equipment(设备) for producing olive oil.”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Peter和Brent夫妇为何要改变以前的生活方式。1What caused Peter to change his life?AHe lost his job.BHe led a hard life.CHe had to care for his kids.DHe wasnt satisfied with his job.A解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的the firm(公司) he worked for closed down.Peter had the chance to do something different可知， 由于公司倒闭，失业的Peter有了改变生活的契机。2What change has taken place since Peter moved to the countryside?AHe lives a busier life.BHe has set up his own firm.CHe has built a large beautiful house.DHe spends more time with his family.D解析：细节理解题。对比Peter前后的生活worked long hours.was never there to see his children growing up和Today, Peter is more relaxed.He spends time with his children可知， 搬到乡下生活的Peter 有更多的时间陪伴家人。3What experience have Rob and Manda had?ASelling farm produce.BRunning a school in Italy.CServing breakfast for months.DTeaching in a Birmingham school.D解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的Husband and wife Rob and Manda Brent used to be teachers.worked in Birminghams city centre.和never had our own business before可知， Rob和Manda有当老师的经验。4What will Rob and Mandas farmhouse be mainly used as?AA farm. BA hotel.CA school. DA restaurant.B解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的offer bed and breakfast和最后一段中的well open our doors to guests可知， Rob和Manda的农舍主要是用作旅馆。BQ: As a nonnative English learner, should I learn British English or American English?A：The truth is that it makes little difference. Why？Because we can read works written in either American English or British English without too much trouble, and understand each other perfectly well as long as we dont use too much colloquial slang(口语俚语). They are the same languageboth are still English.The main differences are in vocabulary for some everyday things. However, most Americans know what trousers are, and Britons and Australians know that “pants” are trousers in an American book or movie. And there are a few small spelling differences. There are some very small grammar differences, but these are too smallmost of them will probably not even be noticed. Im British, and I often read books written in American English, as well as British English. To tell you the truth, I hardly notice the differences. If you want to learn English and use it internationally, learn both kinds. Its not difficultjust a few extra words or spelling differences to learn.Its good to know how English speakers from all over the world use the language, no matter where they come from. You might need to know that American English is used mainly in North America, but British English is the standard English in the rest of the Englishspeaking world, including Britains old colonies (殖民地)Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Singapore, India, Malaysia，Hong Kong, etc.Even “British English” is a bit of a misnomer(用词错误), since there is no real standard way of speaking English in the UK. Some people confuse “British English” with the accent called RP(Received Pronunciation), but they arent the same thing.British English is only a standard, not an accent.RP is only one accent in the UK. Few speak it.Other dialects are widely spoken in the UK today.【解题导语】作者认为英式英语和美式英语的区别不是很大，二者都学会也不是很难。5The author most probably finds American colloquial slang_Astrange BhelpfulCdifficult DinterestingC解析：推理判断题。根据回答部分第一段的understand each other perfectly well as long as we dont use too much colloquial slang(口语俚语)可推断，作者觉得口语俚语不好懂。6What does the example of “trousers” and “pants” show?ASome differences are easy to notice.BDifferences in vocabulary are common.COne thing can be called different names.DAmericans and Britons can understand each other.D解析：推理判断题。根据回答部分第二段的However，most Americans know what trousers are，and Britons and Australians know that “pants” are trousers in an American book or movie.可知，作者是想表明美国人和英国人能够理解彼此说的话。7What can we learn about Received Pronunciation?AIt is not an accent.BIt is British English.CIt is often used in the US.DIt isnt widely used in Britain.D解析：推理判断题。根据回答部分第四段的British English is only a standard, not an accent.RP is only one accent in the UK.Few speak it.可知，这种方言用的人少。8The author would most probably agree that_Acolloquial slang shouldn t be used oftenBBritish people find it hard to understand AmericansCBritish English and American English dont differ too muchDpeople should learn British English instead of American EnglishC解析：推理判断题。根据回答部分第一段的The truth is that it makes little difference.以及第二段的To tell you the truth, I hardly notice the differences.可知，作者觉得美式英语跟英式英语之间的差别不大。 语法填空Getting better grades can be hard. However, you can achieve it if steps 1._(take). Firstly, make good use 2._ class time. Do your reading before class, and if anything confuses (使困惑) you, think out questions you can ask in class. When your teacher asks 3._ question, put up your hand to give an answer. If you are 4._(nature) shy, take a breath, relax and do your best 5._(ignore) other peoples opinions. More importantly, clearly write down what your teacher says in class.Secondly, pay attention to your homework. Try to find a place where there are no 6._(noise)Put your phone out of sight so you wont be attracted to it.After studying for 45 minutes, take 15 minutes to get up, move or do another activity 7._ gives your brain a rest.Finally, take care of 8._(you)Not getting enough sleep is terrible for your grades. So go to bed early and sleep about eight hours every night.And physical exercise 9._(be) helpful for you to improve your grades.So, if you dont play a sport or have gym class every day, spend 30 minutes after school 10._(walk) to get some exercise.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何提高学习成绩。1are taken解析：主语为steps, 与take之间是被动关系，故填are taken。2of解析：make good use of.充分利用。3a解析：可数名词单数前需要用冠词，且此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。4naturally解析：该空修饰形容词shy, 故填nature的副词形式naturally。5to ignore解析：do ones best to do sth.尽力做某事。6noises解析：根据该空前的are可知， 此处应用noise的复数形式， 表示“各种噪音”。7that/which解析：先行词为another activity, 关系词在从句中作主语， 故填that或which。8yourself解析：该空所填词在句中作宾语且指代主语本身， 故填you的反身代词形式yourself。9is解析：主语为physical exercise, 且表示一般情况， 故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式， 时态用一般现在时。10walking解析：spend time doing sth.花时间做某事。 短文改错Last week, I returned from England after three months of live abroad as a international student.During our stay, I lived with a host family.They taught me many useful thing that I could never learn from textbooks.Because of I had to speak English all the time, my English improved greatly.I attended classes in a middle school.At first this was especial difficult for me.But surprisingly, before long I begin to understand what the students and teachers were saying.The other students was very kind to me, and I made lots of friends.But by the end of the third month, I almost didnt want come home.答案：Last week, I returned from England after three months of abroad as international student. During stay, I lived with a host family.They taught me many useful that I could never learn from textbooks.Because I had to speak English all the time, my English improved greatly.I attended classes in a middle school.At first this was difficult for me.But surprisingly, before long I to understand what the students and teachers were saying.The other students very kind to me, and I made lots of friends. by the end of the third month, I almost didnt want come home.- 9 -
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