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专题12 定语从句高效演练一. 单句语法填空1.Many young people，most of _were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 【答案】whom【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句意：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想，他们中的很多人都受过良好教育。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为Many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。2. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，_ the weather may be better. 【答案】when【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。考查定语从句。先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语，所以用when3(天津高考改编)One day，mentally exhausted，I wrote down all the reasons _ this problem could not be solved. 【答案】why【解析】句意：一天，精疲力竭，我写下这个问题不能解决的所有原因。考查定语从句。从句缺少原因状语，用why引导。4(浙江高考改编)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved. 【答案】which【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个得到了证明。考查定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用“代词介词关系代词which”引导。5I made friends with the natives，and their reaction amazed me.They gave me presents of their favorite artworks _ they had refused to sell to tourists. 【答案】which【解析】句意：我和当地人交朋友，他sell后缺少宾语，用关系代词which。 6One important biological factor_helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 【答案】that/which【解析】factor后带有定语从句，关系代词作主语，用that/which。7.I live next door to a couple _childrenoften make a lot of noise. 【答案】whose【解析】句中指的是那对夫妻的孩子，用whose 引导定语从句。8So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo，_ they are treated with calcium EDTA，a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. 【答案】where【解析】先行词为地点，从句用where 引导作状语。9.A nurse _ understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 【答案】who【解析】先行词为人，用who 在从句中作主语，引导定语从句。10I had one trip last year_I was caught by a hurricane in America. 【答案】where【解析】此处last year 为干扰性内容，从句表达得是我在路途中被困，故先行词为trip, 用where=in which 引导定语从句。11The number of smokers, _ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.【答案】as【解析】句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句，在这里作主语，意为“正如，这一点”，代替整个主句的内容。12It is a truly delightful place, _ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 【答案】which【解析】句意：which代替先行词place，在定语从句中用作主语，引导非限制性定语从句。不可用that。13Opposite is St.Pauls Church, _ you can hear some lovely music. 【答案】where【解析】句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以听到一些优美的音乐。先行词是St.Pauls Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，故用where。14Creating an atmosphere in _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.【答案】which【解析】句意：创造一种使员工感到自己是团队一部分的an atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，此处in which相当于where。 15He wrote manychildrens books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s. 【答案】which【解析】句意：他写了很多的儿童书，其中接近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面的books，作介词of的宾语。16As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.【答案】when【解析】句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是盼望着他有独立的时间。定语从句的先行词是time，后面的从句是完整的句子，先when。17The books on the desk, _ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。先行词为the books，和名词covers之间是所有关系，故用whose作定语。18The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work. 【答案】where【解析】句意：该公司的老板试图创造轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以享受工作的乐趣。先行词为an easy atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故要用where。19Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ school education depends. 【答案】which【解析】句意：一些专家认为阅读depend on/upon依靠，依赖。先行词为物，介词后用which来构成定语从句的引导词。20China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.【答案】which【解析】句意：中国日报吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故用which来引导。不可用that。 21I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade，_ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. 【答案】when【解析】句意：我直到五年级才真正成为一个攀登者，那时，我爬到树上去拿一个被挂在树枝上的风筝。the fifth grade，设空处在定语从句中作时间状语，故填when。22Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth. 【答案】where【解析】句意：学生应该参加社区活动，他们从中能获得成长经验。将先行词community activities代入定语从句后为：They can gain experience for growth from the community activities.由此可知关系词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。23Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position. 【答案】that【解析】句意：请把所有的你有的关于这个职位的候选人的信息发送给我们。先行词是information，在定语从句中，缺少have的宾语，所以用关系代词，且先行词有all修饰，所以用关系代词that。24Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poorchildren，_ is quite unexpected. 【答案】which【解析】句意：直到现在，我们已经为贫困的孩子们集资50 000英镑，这是相当出乎意料的。在非限制性定语从句中，代指前文提到的事件，并在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。25Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year. 【答案】which/that【解析】句意：一个月以后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。在本句中，先行词是the sales targets，关系代词在定语从句中作set的宾语，所以填关系代词which/that。设空处也可以不填，因为关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。26The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work _ a good impression is a must. 【答案】where【解析】句意：这本书对我的日常交流很有帮助，尤其是在那些必须给人留下良好印象的工作中。根据句意填关系副词where。where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。27Among the many dangers _ sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is fog. 【答案】which/that【解析】句意：在这么多海员不得不面对的危险中，很有可能最大的危险就是雾了。在这个定语从句中，先行词是dangers，在从句中作face逻辑上的宾语，所以关系代词用which或that。28It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. 【答案】when【解析】句意：时间是半夜，那时我的父亲叫醒了我并告诉我去看足球比赛。关系副词在从句中作时间状语，所以答案是when。29I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 【答案】when【解析】句意：我正在盼望着我的女儿能够读懂这the day，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。30I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，_ my classmates recommended to me. 【答案】which【解析】句意：我上周从图书馆借了夏洛克福尔摩斯这本书，这是我的同学推荐给我的。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为the book Sherlock Holmes，从句中recommended后缺少宾语成分，故填关系代词which。31English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of _ uses it differently. 【答案】which【解析】句意：英语是一种被好几种不同的cultures且关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，所以填which。32A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. 【答案】whose【解析】句意：从国内市场得到的利润正在下降的公司可以去国外寻找机会。本题考查定语从句。先行词为company，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The companys profits from home markets are declining.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作定语，故填whose。33The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 【答案】which/that【解析】句意：Angela和她的家人一起在中国度过的准确的年份是2008年。这个定语从句的先行词是year，在从句中作spent的宾语，所以要填能够作宾语的关系代词，用which或that。二.篇章语法填空Passage 1 There was a time _1_I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason _2_my father forced me to join in a 30day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, _3_I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, _4_teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me facetoface, from _5_ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities _6_we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide,_7_ encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into _8_ I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through _ I can memorize a large number of new words. _ our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, you will conquer English sooner or later.”作者在英语俱乐部遇到了一位好老师，他使作者对英语学习产生了兴趣，并养成了学习英语的好习惯。1 【答案】when 【解析】句意：有一段时间，我讨厌学英语并且不喜欢说英语。There was a time when.有一段时间.。2. 【答案】why 【解析】This is/was the reason why 这就是的原因。3. 【答案】where 【解析】先行词是the club，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 4【答案】whose 【解析】先行词为my guide，代入定语从句后为：My guides teacher was Yu Minhong.由此可见，先行词与teacher之间是所属关系，故用whose引导。5【答案】which 【解析】先行词为my guide communicated with me facetoface；先行词在定语从句中作from的宾语，且介词from提前，故填which。6【答案】that/which/不填 【解析】先行词是activities，将先行词代入定语从句后为：We did the activities.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作宾语，故用that或which引导或省略关系代词。7【答案】who 【解析】先行词为my father and the guide，关系词在定语从句中作主语，且指“人”，所以用who引导。8【答案】which 【解析】先行词为English，关系词在定语从句中作介词into的宾语，且介词into已被提前，故填which。9【答案】which 【解析】句意：每天入睡前我总是回忆所学的文章，通过这种方法，我能记住大量的英语生词。先行词为the passages，关系词在定语从句中作介词through的宾语，且介词已被提前，故用which引导。10【答案】As 【解析】句意：正如我们英语老师所说的：“只要你们养成每天学英语的习惯并且坚持不懈，你们迟早会征服英语。”非限制性定语从句置于句首，后面引号内直接引语的内容为先行词，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用as引导。Passage 2In the summer of 1848, in Guatemala, a man called Ambrosio Tut went into the jungle _1_ he usually worked every day. Tut was a gumcollector(树胶采集者), looking for gum in the jungle. To do this, he had to climb the trees. On one particular day, he got to the top of one tree and something caught his eye. He looked out across the trees and saw the tops of some old buildings.Tut didnt really know _2_he had seen but he knew it was something special. He ran to tell the local governor, and together they walked into the jungle. There they found Tikal(蒂卡尔), the city_3_the Mayans had built many hundreds of years before. The two men saw temples and pyramids, squares and houses, and places _4_ kings had lived _5_the Mayan people ruled the region.For a long time before that day, local people had known _6_somewhere in the jungle there was an old Mayan city, but no one had seen it for centuries. Between 200 and 900 AD, the city of Tikal had been the center of Mayan civilization in the region, but then the Mayans left there, nobody knows _7_! After 1000 AD, the jungle began to cover it and people forgot that it was there.Seven years _8_Tut looked out for the trees, two British explorers had gone to Guatemala and had written a report about Mayan treasures in the jungle, but they didnt mention Tikal. Even earlier than this, local Indians had told European travelers about a great city hidden in the trees, _9._ no one would listen to them. Then the news _10_the lost city had been found again made archaeologists(考古学家) extremely glad.语篇导读：1848年，Tut意外发现玛雅城市遗址。1 【答案】where 【解析】定语从句补全为：he usually worked every day in the jungle.故从句中缺少地点状语。2 【答案】what 【解析】句意：Tut真不知道他看到的是什么，但是他知道那是一些特殊的东西。分析句子可知，从句中缺少宾语，指物，故填what。3 【答案】that/which 【解析】that引导定语从句，修饰the city。 4 【答案】where 【解析】分析句子结构可知，从句部分缺少地点状语。5 【答案】when 【解析】引导时间状语从句。6 【答案】that 【解析】句意：那天之前的很长一段时间，当地人就知道丛林里的某个地方有一个古老的玛雅城市。从句中不缺少成分，且意义完整。7 【答案】why 【解析】句意： 但是玛雅人离开了那里，没有人知道为什么。此句补全应是nobody knows why the Mayans left there。8 【答案】before 【解析】引导时间状语从句。由主句时态可知答案。9 【答案】but 【解析】前后句表转折。10 【答案】that 【解析】句意：失去的城市现在又被重新找到使得考古学家非常高兴。同位语从句中不缺少任何成分，且意义完整，that在同位语从句中不充当成分，没有含义，只起连接作用。 三、单项选择1. The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. that B. as C. where D. when 【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。_ we meet in our daily lives是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和关系副词（when, where, why等）。1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings. The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略）。e.g. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesnt fit me.3. 非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that, 关系副词why, 不可用于非限定性定语从句。4. 作介词宾语的关系代词 在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。e.g. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department.The room in which my family live used to be a garage.2. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _ the weather may be better. A. that B. where C. which D. when【答案】D【解析】试题分析： 句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。 3. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是，whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。考点：考查定语从句4. My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. that B. whose C. his D. who【答案】B【解析】试题分析：本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是My eldest son, 根据句意和空后名词确定引导词在从句中作定语，选项中只有whose修饰名词作定语。故选B。考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语;whose做定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。5. I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.A. whose B. why C. where D. which【答案】A【解析】试题分析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。考点：考查定语从句 6.Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A.of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。故C正确。【名师点睛】“of whom / which”引导的定语从句：在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用of which/ whom或者of which / whom都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用whose来代替of which。一、表示整体中的部分The buses,most of whichwere already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。I picked up the apples,some of whichwere badly bruised.我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很厉害。I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box.我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。There are two bottles left,one of whichis almost finished and the other of which is not quite.只剩两瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶没完全喝完。The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum.这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。二、表示所属关系Hes written a book, the name of which Ive forgotten.他写了一本书，书名我忘了。句中的the name of which=whose name。It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered.这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。句中的the details of which=whose details。考点：考查定语从句7.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of _ has been proved.A. whom B. which C. what D. that【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。如果是代词+of+关系代词，注意先行词是人用whom，先行词是物用which。13
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