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十、词句猜测句意理解题(2017浙江，A)Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camels hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱的).His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The cats lot was about to improve.That year，one of Benjamins cousins，Mr Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamins drawings.When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamins parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city，Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape(风景) painting.William Williams，a well-known painter，came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student.But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国著名艺术家本杰明韦斯特是如何开始他的艺术生涯的。21.What is the text mainly about?A.Benjamins visit to Philadelphia.B.Williams influence on Benjamin.C.The beginning of Benjamins life as an artist.D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.答案C解析主旨大意题。文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的，故选C。22.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest?A.The cat would be closely watched.B.The cat would get some medical care.C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.答案D解析句意理解题。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。由该段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。23.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?A.He took him to see painting exhibitions.B.He provided him with painting materials.C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D.He taught him how to make engravings.答案B解析细节理解题。短文第四段提到“He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.”，接着下一段又谈到“.Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”，由此可知，潘宁顿送给本杰明绘画材料来帮助他发展艺术才能，故选B项。24.Williams two books helped Benjamin to .A.master the use of paintsB.appreciate landscape paintingsC.get to know other paintersD.make up his mind to be a painter答案D解析细节理解题。由文章最后两句“While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可知，这两本书是他通往古典绘画的入门教程，也帮助他下定决心成为一名画家，故选D项。一、题型解读记叙文、说明文和议论文中可能会考查句意理解题。要求考生用合适的语句解释一个具有概括性的句子或格言、谚语。设问形式常有：(1)The underlined sentence in the first/second/.paragraph means “ ”.(2)Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in the first/second/.paragraph?二、解题技巧“意义吻合”定句意例如：【真题感悟】中第22题：第一步：速读文章，找出文章中与画线句子相关的句子(1)Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱的).(2)When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.第二步：对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案画线句上一段讲到为了制作画笔本杰明剪猫的毛使猫“破相”，接下来讲到堂兄给他送来了颜料和画笔使猫的命运得到改善，隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔”。由此可推知D项与画线句的意思相符。AWhat do you do if you dont get into your first choice of university？Thats the dilemma(困境) that faces thousands of British students every year.Many candidates turn to Clearing，the service that helps find university places for students at the last moment.If they dont have the marks to get into their first choice of institution，Clearing tells them about places available at other universities，though they might have to read another subject.But this year has seen a record number of people applying to university.This，combined with the weak economy，an uncertain job market and budget cuts at universities，means that theres been even more of a scramble for places than usual.Some sources say six students have applied for each remaining undergraduate university place.The British University Admissions Service，UCAS，says up to a quarter of this years university applicantsalmost 190,000 peoplestill dont have a place on a degree course.Thats a rise of over 46,000 students from last year.Faced with these figures，some British students might be thinking of an interesting alternative：studying abroad.The University of Nottingham，for example，is offering places at its campuses in Ningbo，near Shanghai，and Kuala Lumpur，Malaysia.Students here can gain University of Nottingham degrees in business，accounting，engineering and English.Similarly，the University of Bolton says it has “unlimited” places at its campus in the United Arab Emirates.Given the problems getting into university，the UKs Higher Education Minister，David Willetts，encourages students who havent made the grade to consider alternatives to university，such as apprenticeships and studying at home.“There are a range of options available，” he says.“People are able to reapply.They should think how they can spend their year adding that bit to their CV，which would help their applicationgetting practical work experience or extra skillsanything that strengthens their chances next year.”But some experts say that rising university costs，poor long-term job prospects，and a drop in graduate recruitment mean its the worst time to be a university student in the UK.1.When the author says “theres been even more of a scramble for places”(Para.3)，he means .A.more people have applied to universityB.there is more competition between the candidatesC.there are more services that help find university placesD.more places are available答案B解析句意理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Some sources say six students have applied for each remaining undergraduate university place.”可知，每个名额都有6个学生申请，可见竞争非常激烈，故选B。2.According to UCAS，there are about university applicants this year.A.190,000 B.46,000C.236,000 D.760,000答案D解析数字计算题。由第四段中的“UCAS，says up to a quarter of this years university applicantsalmost 190,000 peoplestill dont have a place on a degree course.”可知，190 000人是今年大学申请者的四分之一，因此今年大学申请者的数量是190 0004760 000人，故选D。3.David Willetts encourages students faced with the lack of places on a degree course .A.to consider apprenticeships and studying at homeB.to study at campus outside the UKC.to ask Clearing for helpD.not to go to university in the UK答案A解析细节理解题。根据第六段中的“David Willetts，encourages students who havent made the grade to consider alternatives to university，such as apprenticeships and studying at home”可知，David Willetts鼓励分数不够上大学的学生考虑其他选择，例如去做学徒或是在家学习，故选A。4.Which of the following is NOT the reason that may make this year the worst time to enter university?A.It costs more to study at university.B.Long-term job prospects are worse.C.Universities offer places in other countries.D.There are fewer chances to do graduate study.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“rising university costs，poor long-term job prospects，and a drop in graduate recruitment mean its the worst time to be a university student in the UK.”可知，A、B、D三项都是造成这一年学生们最难进入大学的原因。由第五段可知C项是解决这一问题的方法而非原因。故选C。5.According to the passage，what can students do if they dont get into their first choice of university?A.They can go to work in Clearing.B.They can get practical work experience or skills and reapply next year.C.They can spend the year writing a better CV.D.They do graduate study at home.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第七段中的“People are able to reapply.which would help their applicationgetting practical work experience or extra skills”可知，未能如愿申请入学的学生应尽可能利用这一年做一些能帮助他们申请的事情，即取得实际的工作经验或技能，明年再重新申请，故选B。BThe public has voted the X-ray machine as the best invention.Out of nearly 50,000 votes cast，one in five people named it for having made the greatest impact on the past，present and future.Ten of the most significant objects in science，engineering，technology and medicine were selected for the vote.Information on all the items is found at the Science Museum in London.The first three positions were filled by medical inventions or discoveries，the X-ray machine being followed by the discoveries of penicillin and the DNA double helix(螺旋) structure.X-rays provided the first possibility of looking inside someones body without cutting them opena massive medical advance.The particular X-ray machine in questionthe Reynolds machine in the Museums Making the Modern World Gallerywas a “do-it-yourself” experiment by a father and his son who were so inspired by news of the discovery of the X-ray that they set about building the equipment in their own home.Museum curator(馆长) Katie Maggs said.“Its very inspirational to young scientists to learn that an invention now declared the most important in world history could be pioneered by enthusiastic amateur inventors.”Professor Andy Adam，president of the Royal College of Radiologists，was delighted to learn of the result.He said that the X-ray machine had revolutionized medical practice and that the technology had now advanced so much that we are reaching the era of the “transparent patient”.Culture Secretary Ben Bradshaw said，“Any competition that pits the Apollo 10 spacecraft against Stephensons Rocket，and the DNA double helix against the Model T Ford，is bound to provide many talking points.”“The publics choice of the X-ray machine as the winner is a proof to our greedy curiosity to find out how things work.”The poll(投票) was conducted as part of the Science Museums events to mark its centenary(百年庆典).The 10 objects form a special Centenary Journey trail through the museum galleries.6.Which of the following are the top three among inventions or discoveries?A.X-ray machine，Apollo 10 capsule and steam engine.B.X-ray machine，DNA double helix structure and penicillin.C.Stephensons Rocket，penicillin and the Model T Ford.D.Stephensons Rocket，Apollo 10 capsule and V2 Rocket Engine.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段“The first three positions were filled by medical inventions or discoveries，the X-ray machine being followed by the discoveries of penicillin and the DNA double helix(螺旋) structure.”可知B项正确。7.Which of the following is TRUE about the X-ray machine in the Gallery?A.It was made by the Reynolds Machine Company.B.It was a product directed by great scientists.C.It was built by a father and his son in their own home.D.It was small in size and advanced in technology.答案C解析细节理解题。由第五段内容可知，一对父子在自己的家里造出了X光机，故选C。8.From the underlined part in Para.8，we know Professor Andy Adam means .A.the X-ray machine has greatly improved medical practiceB.the patients are all transparent in the eyes of doctorsC.with the help of the X-ray machine，everything is transparentD.there is no need to cut someones body open during operations now答案A解析句意理解题。由第八段内容可知，由于X射线可以透视人体，因此人类已经进入了“透明病人”时代，即病人身体哪儿有病，都能用X光机看到，这是医疗史上的巨大进步，故选A。9.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A.Top Ten Inventions of This CenturyB.The Most Important DiscoveriesC.What Makes Patients TransparentD.X-ray MachineTop Scientific Invention答案D解析标题归纳题。根据本文中心句第一句以及全文内容可知，该篇文章主要讲述了X光机被人们选为最好的发明，因此D项作为文章标题最合适，故选D。10.This passage is most probably taken from .A.a science fiction B.a school textbookC.a news journal D.a medicine magazine答案C解析文章出处题。从内容来看，本文是在报道一件事，因此它属于新闻性质的文章，故选C。题型组合练(十三).单项填空1.To our great surprise，the little girl from the countryside because of her excellent English and quick wit after several rounds of competition.A.stood out B.picked outC.turned out D.came out答案A解析句意为：让我们吃惊的是，这个来自乡下的小女孩凭借出色的英语和敏捷的反应，在几轮比赛后便脱颖而出。stand out突出；pick out挑出；turn out结果是；come out出现，出版，结果是。故选A。2.There is growing concern among the parents using computers to write articles has a bad effect on childrens handwriting.A.what B.that C.why D.when答案B解析句意为：家长们越来越担心，用电脑写文章会对孩子的书写产生不良影响。空格后的句子内容是对前面名词concern的具体说明，且句意完整不缺成分，应用that引导同位语从句。故选B。3.We have seen many wonderful strategies for the peace-loving people， China is bringing in solving the complicated problems.A.who B.where C.which D.when答案C解析句意为：我们已经看到中国正在为爱好和平的人民带来许多解决复杂问题的良策。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词strategies，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用which，故选C。4.Having wrestled with his for a whole night，the young man decided to go to the police station to confess his crime.A.conscience B.requestC.privilege D.appetite答案A解析句意为：经过一整夜的良心挣扎，这个年轻人决定去公安局坦白自己的罪行。conscience道德心，良心；request请求，需要；privilege特权，优待；appetite食欲，嗜好。故选A。5.The economy of the country began to years after the big earthquake broke out.A.recycle B.recoverC.count D.combine答案B解析句意为：在那场大地震爆发后的几年里，这个国家的经济开始复苏。recycle重复利用，循环；recover恢复，复原；count计数，有价值；combine联合，结合。这里的recover是熟词新义，表示“从不愉快的事情中复原或恢复常态”的意思。故选B。6.On Teachers Day，we all went to school to see our teachers.A.especially B.speciallyC.particularly D.attentively答案B解析句意为：教师节那天，我们专程到学校去看望老师。specially特别地，专门地，强调为了某一目的，符合题意。7.The news that some provinces are going to cancel their independent colleges in 2018 ，so situation will change.A.have been confirmed B.is confirmingC.has been confirmed D.is being confirmed答案C解析句意为：部分省份打算在2018年取消三本院校的消息已经得到证实，因此情况要有变化。由句意可知confirm的动作已经发生，应该用现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响；又因news与confirm之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故选C。8.The Chinese government has been pushing various effective reforms all its citizens.A.in charge of B.for the purpose ofC.in honor of D.for the benefit of答案D解析句意为：为了所有公民的利益，中国政府一直在推行各种有效的改革。in charge of掌管，负责；for the purpose of为了(目的)；in honor of为了纪念；for the benefit of为了的利益。故选D。9.How did you get the information，Helen? ，but Im not sure whether it is true or not.A.Dont put on the dogB.A little bird told meC.Let the cat out of the bagD.Im all ears答案B解析句意为：你是怎么得到信息的，海伦？听别人说的，但我不能确定这是真的还是假的。Dont put on the dog不要摆架子；A little bird told me听别人说的；Let the cat out of the bag泄露秘密；Im all ears洗耳恭听。故选B。10.Some subjects，such as math，physics and English，are for the senior high school students in China but some of them are unwilling to learn English.A.comparable B.compulsoryC.considerable D.complex答案B解析句意为：一些学科，如数学、物理和英语，是中国高中生的必修课，但有些学生不愿意学英语。comparable可比较的，比得上的；compulsory义务的，必修的，被强制的；considerable相当大的，重要的，值得考虑的；complex复杂的。故选B。.完形填空(2018河东区一模)He was 11 years old and went fishing every chance he got from the dock at his familys cabin on an island in the middle of a New Hampshire lake.On the day before the bass season opened，he and his father were fishing early in the evening， 11 sunfish and perch with worms.Then he tied on a small lure and practiced casting.The lure 12 the water and caused colored ripples (涟漪，细浪) in the sunset，then 13 ripples as the moon rose over the lake.When his fishing rod doubled over，he knew something 14 was on the other end.His father watched with 15 as the boy skillfully worked the fish alongside the dock.Finally，he carefully lifted the 16 fish from the water.It was the largest one he had ever seen，but it was a bass.The boy and his father looked at the handsome fish，gills(鳃) playing back and forth in the 17 .The father lit a match and looked at the watch.It was 10 p.m.two hours 18 the season opened.He looked at the fish，then at the boy.“Youll have to 19 ，son，” he said.“Dad！” cried the boy.“There will be other fish，” said his father.“Not as big as this one，” cried the boy.He looked around the lake.No other fishermen or boats were anywhere around in the moonlight.He looked again at his father.Even though no one had seen them， 20 could anyone ever know what time he caught the fish，the boy could 21 by the clarity of his fathers voice that the decision was not negotiable(可协商的).He slowly pulled the 22 out of the lip of the huge fish and 23 it into the black water.The creature swished its powerful body and disappeared.The boy 24 that he would never again see such a great fish.That was 34 years ago.Today，the boy is a successful architect in New York City.And he was right.He has never again caught such a magnificent fish 25 the one that was set free by him that night long ago.But he does see that same fish 26 every time he 27 against a question of ethics.For，as his father taught him，ethics are simple 28 of right and wrong. 29 is only the practice of ethics that is difficult.Do we do right when no one is looking? We would 30 we were taught to put the fish back when we were young.11.A.catching B.drawingC.trapping D.expecting答案A解析根据语境可知父子两人到湖中的目的是“捕太阳鱼和鲈鱼”。catch捕足，捕获，符合文意。12.A.met B.struckC.knocked D.attacked答案B解析根据下文“caused colored ripples(涟漪，细浪) in the sunset”可知，鱼饵落入水中时激起涟漪。meet遇见；strike打击；knock敲；attack吸引。13.A.golden B.silverC.black D.blue答案B解析根据常识及“then ripples as the moon rose over the lake”可知，在月光下涟漪是银色的。14.A.light B.slimC.small D.huge答案D解析根据“When his fishing rod doubled over，he knew something was on the other end.”可知当鱼竿向下弯的时候，他知道线的另一端一定钓到了一条大鱼。15.A.decision B.instructionC.admiration D.celebration答案C解析decision决定；instruction指令；admiration羡慕，钦佩；celebration庆祝。根据语境可知男孩钓鱼技巧纯熟(skillfully)，且钓到了大鱼，故此处应指父亲赏识地(with admiration)看着儿子。16.A.lively B.livingC.exhausted D.dead答案C解析lively和living不用来修饰fish，而由下文作者将鱼放生可知，鱼没有死，故选C。exhausted疲惫的，耗尽的。17.A.moonlight B.sunC.wind D.lake答案A解析根据上文“as the moon rose over the lake”及下文“in the moonlight”可知，此处指是在月光下，鲈鱼看起来非常漂亮。18.A.when B.sinceC.after D.before答案D解析根据下文“The creature swished its powerful body and disappeared.”可知鲈鱼被放回湖中，说明离开渔时间还有两个小时。19.A.pull it up B.speed it upC.put it back D.bring it back答案C解析pull.up拉起；speed.up加速；put.back放回；bring.back带回。根据下文可知此处父亲说“你得把它放回去，孩子”。20.A.not B.norC.and D.or答案B解析根据上文“No other fishermen or boats were anywhere”可知，此处指没有人看到他们，更无从得知他们何时钓到了鱼。21.A.receive B.believeC.organize D.tell答案D解析根据“the boy could by the clarity of his fathers voice that the decision was not negotiable(可协商的)”可知，男孩还是能从父亲坚定的声音中分辨这个决定是不可更改的。tell分辨，辨别，常与can，could，be able to连用。22.A.worm B.hookC.boat D.match答案B解析根据“He slowly pulled the out of the lip of the huge fish.”可知他慢慢地将鱼钩从大鲈鱼的唇上取下。23.A.lowered B.liftedC.watched D.changed答案A解析根据空后的“it into the black water”可知此处指他将鱼放回水中。lower降低，把放低；lift举起；watch看，观察；change改变。24.A.expected B.admittedC.complained D.suspected答案C解析expect期望；admit承认；complain抱怨；suspect怀疑。根据语境可知此处指小男孩抱怨道再也见不到这么大的鲈鱼了。25.A.that B.whenC.as D.because答案C解析根据上文的such可知此处应该使用as，意为“像一样”；such.that如此以至于。26.A.once again B.again and againC.all the time D.in the end答案B解析once again再一次；again and again一次又一次；all the time一直；in the end最后。根据“But he does see that same fish every time”可知但每次他面临道德难题而举棋不定的时候，他的眼前一次又一次地浮现出那条鱼。27.A.comes up B.catches upC.makes up D.rings up答案A解析come up(against)面对；catch up追赶；make up编造；ring up拨打电话。句意参见上题解析。28.A.information B.adviceC.matters D.messages答案C解析根据空处所在句意“因为，正如父亲所教他的那样，道德是简单的对和错的问题。”可知选C。29.A.It B.HeC.The right D.The wrong答案A解析根据上文和“ is only the practice of ethics that is difficult.”可知，“把道德付诸行动才是真正困难的事”，此句为强调句“It is.
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