2022年考博英语-哈尔滨师范大学考前模拟强化练习题15（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-哈尔滨师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Yoga should be done with an open, gentle, and nom critical mind: when one stretches into a yoga position, it can be thought of as accepting and working on ones limits.【答案】瑜伽应该以一种开放、温和、不挑剔的心态来完成：当一个人伸展成瑜伽姿势时，可以被认为是接受并努力达到自己的极限。2. 单选题Ten days ago the young man informed his boss of his intention to _.问题1选项A.resignB.rejectC.retreatD.replace【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. resign辞职，辞去（某职务） B. reject拒绝接受；不予考虑C. retreat退却；撤退 D. replace代替，取代【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息informed his boss（通知了他的老板）可推知，空格处表示“辞职”符合句意，该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】10天前，这个年轻人告诉他的老板他打算辞职。3. 翻译题Beginning in childhood, parents encourage or limit future romantic liaisons by electing certain neighborhoods and schools.【答案】从童年开始，父母就通过选择特定的社区和学校来鼓励或限制未来的恋爱关系。4. 单选题Passage twoPsychological tests are tools. Like all tools, their effectiveness depends on the knowledge, skill, and sincerity of the user. A hammer can be used to build a beautiful kitchen cabinet of it can be used as a weapon of assault. Like a hammer, intelligence tests can be used for positive purposes or they can be abusive. It is important for both the test constructor and the test examiner to be familiar with the current state of scientific knowledge about intelligence and intelligence tests.Even though they have limitations, intelligence tests are among psychologys most widely used tools. To be effective, though, intelligence tests must be viewed realistically. They should not be thought of as a fixed, unchanging indicator of a persons intelligence. They should also be used in conjunction with other information about a person and should not be relied upon as the sole indicator of whether a child should be placed in a special-education or gifted class. The childs developmental history, medical background, performance in school, social competencies, and family experiences should be taken into account, too.The single number provided by many IQ tests can easily lead to stereotypes and expectations about a person. Many people do not know how to sweeping generalizations about a person are too often made on the basis of an IQ score. Imagine, for example, that you are a teacher sitting in the teachers lounge the day after school has started in the fall. You mention a studentJohnny Jones and a fellow teacher remarks that she had Johnny in class last year, and goes on to say that he was a real dunce, pointing out that his IQ is 78. You cannot help but remember this information, and it may lead you to think that Johnny Jones is not very bright so it is useless to spend much time teaching him. In this way, IQ scores are misused and stereotypes are formed.26. According to the author, intelligence tests _.27. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?28. The word “dunce” (Para. 3) stands for _.29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _.30. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.cannot be used as the indicator of a persons intelligenceB.can be used for positive purposes and can also be misusedC.are widely used because it is the sole indicator of ones intelligenceD.are not so effective due to their own shortcomings问题2选项A.The knowledge, skill and the sincerity of the user are the factors determining the effectiveness of the psychological test.B.Since the intelligence tests have limitations, their results are not reliable although they are used very often.C.A persons intelligence can be measured with precision and accuracy if he or she takes an intelligence test.D.Whether a child should be placed in a gifted class can easily be decided by his performance in the intelligence test.问题3选项A.an average studentB.a slow learnerC.a dancing geniusD.a lazy boy or girl问题4选项A.low score in intelligence test indicate that one is a slow learnerB.intelligence tests are not scientific and must be prohibitedC.teacher should not treat students unequally according to their intelligence differenceD.intelligence tests are often misused and often lead to stereotype问题5选项A.The Merits of Intelligence Tests.B.The Use and Misuse of Intelligence Tests.C.The importance of Intelligence Tests.D.The Limitations of Intelligence Tests.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】26.【选项释义】26. According to the author, intelligence tests _. 26. 根据作者的观点，智力测试_。A. cannot be used as the indicator of a persons intelligence A. 不能作为一个人智力的指标B. can be used for positive purposes and can also be misused B. 可以用于积极的目的，也可以被滥用C. are widely used because it is the sole indicator of ones intelligence C. 被广泛使用是因为它是智力的唯一指标D. are not so effective due to their own shortcomings D. 不是因为自己的缺点才这么有效【答案】B【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段第四句“就像一把锤子一样，智力测试可以被用于积极的目的，也可以被滥用”可知，作者认为智力测试可以用于积极目的，也可以被滥用，该题选择B项“可以用于积极的目的，也可以被滥用”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“不能作为一个人智力的指标”，根据第二段第三句“它们（智力测试）不应该被认为是一个人智力的固定不变的指标”可知，智力测试不应该是智力的唯一测试指标，但还是一个人智力的测试指标，该项属于曲解原文；C项“被广泛使用是因为它是智力的唯一指标”，第二段第一句提到“尽管智力测试有其局限性，但它仍是心理学领域使用最广泛的工具之一”，可知智力测试是广泛使用的工具之一，而不是唯一，该项属于曲解原文；D项“不是因为自己的缺点才这么有效”文中没有提及，该项属于无中生有。27.【选项释义】27. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? 27. 根据文章，下列哪个陈述是正确的？A. The knowledge, skill and the sincerity of the user are the factors determining the effectiveness of the psychological test. A. 用户的知识、技能和真诚是决定心理测试效果的因素。B. Since the intelligence tests have limitations, their results are not reliable although they are used very often. B. 由于智力测验有其局限性，尽管经常使用，但其结果并不可靠。C. A persons intelligence can be measured with precision and accuracy if he or she takes an intelligence test. C. 如果一个人参加智力测试，他或她的智力可以精确和准确地被测量。D. Whether a child should be placed in a gifted class can easily be decided by his performance in the intelligence test. D. 一个孩子是否应该被分到天才班可以很容易地由他在智力测试中的表现来决定。【答案】A【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段第二句“像所有工具一样，它们（心理测试）的有效性取决于用户的知识、技能和真诚”可知，用户的知识、技能和真诚决定了心理测试的有效性，故A项“用户的知识、技能和真诚是决定心理测试效果的因素”表述正确，该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B项“由于智力测验有其局限性，尽管经常使用，但其结果并不可靠”，原文提到智力测试有局限性，但是没有强调智力测试的结果不可靠，该项属于曲解原文；C项“如果一个人参加智力测试，他或她的智力可以精确和准确地被测量”，根据第三段第一句“许多智商测试提供的单一数字很容易导致对一个人的刻板印象和期望”可知，智力测试的结果不一定是准确的，该项属于反向干扰；D项“一个孩子是否应该被分到天才班可以很容易地由他在智力测试中的表现来决定”，根据第二段第四句“它们（智力测试）也应该与关于一个人的其他信息一起使用，而不应该作为一个孩子是否应该接受特殊教育或天才班的唯一指标”可知，一个孩子是否应该被分到天才班不应该是通过智力测试中的表现就轻易地决定，该项属于反向干扰。28.【选项释义】28. The word “dunce” (Para. 3) stands for _. 28. 第三段中的单词“dunce”指的是_。A. an average student A. 一个中等生B. a slow learner B. 一个缓慢的学习者C. a dancing genius C. 一个跳舞的天才D. a lazy boy or girl D. 一个懒男孩或者懒女孩【答案】B【考查点】词义推测题。【解题思路】根据关键词dunce定位至第三段第四句“你提到一个学生约翰尼，然后一个老师说她去年让约翰尼上了课，接着又说他是一个真正的dunce，并指出他的智商是78”，从中可以看出，这个老师指出约翰尼的智商是78，说明这个老师并不是在说这个学生聪明，dunce是一个贬义词；结合下一句“你不禁记住这些信息，而它们可能会导致你认为约翰尼不是很聪明，所以花很多时间教他是没有用的”理解可知，花很多时间教这个学生没用，说明他学习速度慢，所以推测dunce表示“一个学习很慢的人”，故该题选择B项“一个缓慢的学习者”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“一个中等生”，中等生不代表学习缓慢，该项属于曲解原文；C项“一个跳舞的天才”和D项“一个懒男孩或者懒女孩”属于无中生有。29.【选项释义】29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _. 29. 从第三段可以推断_。A. low score in intelligence test indicate that one is a slow learner A. 智力测验得分低表明一个人学习能力较差B. intelligence tests are not scientific and must be prohibited B. 智力测试是不科学的，必须被禁止C. teacher should not treat students unequally according to their intelligence difference C. 教师不应该根据学生的智力差异不平等地对待他们D. intelligence tests are often misused and often lead to stereotype D. 智力测试经常被滥用，并导致刻板印象【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】首先定位至原文第三段，第一句指出“许多智商测试提供的单一数字很容易导致对一个人的刻板印象和期望”，然后举了一个例子“例如，假设你是一名教师，在秋天放学后的一天坐在教师休息室里。你提到一个学生约翰尼，还有一个老师说她去年让约翰尼上了课，接着又说他是一个真正的笨蛋，并指出他的智商是78。你不禁记住这些信息，而它们可能会导致你认为约翰尼不是很聪明，所以花很多时间教他是没有用的。”，从中可知智商测试提供的单一数字让老师对学生形成了一个刻板印象；接着第三段最后一句指出“这样，智商分数就被滥用了，刻板印象也就形成了”，综合理解可以推断，老师不应该仅凭学生的智力测试结果来差别对待学生，C项“教师不应该根据学生的智力差异不平等地对待他们”符合这一分析，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项“智力测验得分低表明一个人学习能力较差”，第三段指出许多智商测试提供的单一数字很容易导致对一个人的刻板印象和期望，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；B项“智力测试是不科学的，必须被禁止”，第三段没有相关表述，该项属于曲解原文；D项“智力测试经常被滥用，并导致刻板印象”，第三段指出，凭借智商测试提供的单一数字很容易导致刻板印象，选项中的often并没有体现，该项属于曲解原文。30.【选项释义】30. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? 30. 下面哪个选项是这篇文章最好的标题？A. The Merits of Intelligence Tests. A. 智力测试的优点。B. The Use and Misuse of Intelligence Tests. B. 智力测试的使用和滥用。C. The importance of Intelligence Tests. C. 智力测试的重要性。D. The Limitations of Intelligence Tests. D. 智力测试的局限性。【答案】D【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据第一段中心句“就像一把锤子，智力测试可以被用于积极的目的，也可以被滥用”可知，智力测试既有优点，也有局限性；然后由第二段第二、三句“然而，要想有效地进行智力测试，就必须实事求是地看待它。它们不应该被认为是一个人智力的固定不变的指标。”，以及第三段第一句“许多智商测试提供的单一数字很容易导致对一个人的刻板印象和期望”可以推断出，文章整篇都在讨论智力测试的局限性，所以该题选择D项“智力测试的局限性”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“智力测试的优点”和C项“智力测试的重要性”，文中讨论的是智力测试的缺陷，这两项属于反向干扰；B项“智力测试的使用和滥用”，文中只提到了智力测试的滥用，该项属于以偏概全。5. 单选题Within the hour the show is canceled and everyone returns to the hotel to _ their sorrows.问题1选项A.pourB.swallowC.sufferD.drown【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. pour倾倒，倒出 B. swallow吞下；咽下C. suffer（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难 D. drown（使）淹死；淹没，浸没【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据前半句“不到一小时，演出就取消了”可知，每个人都是沉浸在悲伤之中，所以空格处表示“沉浸”符合句意，而drown ones sorrow可以表示“沉浸在悲伤之中”，所以该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B项不符合句意；C项suffer要与from连用，故排除。【句意】不到一小时，演出就取消了，每个人都回到酒店沉浸在忧伤里。6. 单选题There is no _ to the house from the main road.问题1选项A.accessB.exposureC.avenueD.edge【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. access通路；入径 B. exposure面临，遭受（危险或不快）C. avenue（城镇的）大街 D. edge边缘；边线【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词from the main road（从主路）可知，空格处所表达的是去房子的“通道”，所以该题选择A项符合句意。【干扰项排除】B、D项不符合句意；C项是指城镇的大街，故排除。【句意】从大路没有通路到那所房子。7. 单选题Passage threeToo many vulnerable child-free adults are being ruthlessly (无情的) manipulated into parent-hood by their parents , who think that happiness among older people depends on having a grand-child to spoil. We need an organization to help beat down the persistent campaigns of grand-childless parents. Its time to establish Planned Grandparenthood, which would have many global and local benefits.Part of its mission would be to promote the risks and realities associated with being a grandparent. The staff would include depressed grandparents who would explain how grandkids break lamps, bite, scream and kick. Others would detail how an hour of baby-sitting often turns into a crying marathon. More grandparents would testify that they had to pay for their grandchilds expensive college education.Planned grandparenthoods carefully written literature would detail all the joys of life grand-child-free a calm living room, extra money for luxuries during the golden years, etc. Potential grandparents would be reminded that, without grandchildren around, its possible to have a conversation with your kids, who incidentally would have more time for their own parents.Meanwhile, most children are vulnerable to the enormous influence exerted by grand-childless parents aiming to persuade their kids to produce children. They will take a call from a persistent parent, even if theyre loaded with works. In addition, some parents make handsome money offers payable upon the grandchilds birth. Sometimes these gifts not only cover expenses associated with the infants birth, but extras, too, like a vacation. In any case, cash gifts can weaken the resolve of even the noblest person.At Planned Grandparenthood, children targeted by their parents to reproduce could obtain non-biased information about the insanity of having their own kids. The catastrophic psychological and economic costs of childbearing would be emphasized. The symptoms of morning sickness would be listed and horrors of childbirth pictured. A monthly newsletter would contain stories about overwhelmed parents and offer guidance on how childless adults can respond to the different lobbying tactics that would-be grandparents employ.When I think about all the problems of our overpopulated world and look at our boy grabbing at the lamp by the sofa, I wish I could have turned to Planned Grandparenthood when my parents were putting the grandchild squeeze on me.If I could have, I might not be in this parenthood predicament (窘境). But heres the crazy irony, I dont want my child-free life back. Dylans too much fun.31. Whats the purpose of the proposed organization Planned Grandparenthood?32. Planned Grandparenthood would include depressed grandparents on its staff in order to _.33. According to the passage, some couples may eventually choose to have children because _.34. By saying “my parents were putting the grandchild squeeze on me” (Para. 6), the author means that _.35. What does the author really of the idea of having children?问题1选项A.To discourage people from insisting on having grandchildren.B.To offer counseling to people on how to raise grandchildren.C.To provide facilities and services for grand-childless parents.D.To encourage childless couples to have children.问题2选项A.share their experience in raising grandchildren in a more scientific wayB.draw attention to the troubles and difficulties grandchildren may causeC.help raise funds to cover the high expense of education for grandchildrenD.show them the joys of life grandparents may have in raising grandchildren问题3选项A.they have learn from other parents about the joys of having childrenB.they feel more and more lonely ad they grow olderC.they have found it irrational to remain childlessD.they find it hard to resist the carrot-and-stick approach of their parents问题4选项A.her parents asked her to save for the expenses of raising a childB.her parents kept pressuring her to have a childC.her parents liked to have a grandchild in their armsD.her parents kept blaming her for her childs bad behavior问题5选项A.It contributes to overpopulation.B.It is a psychological catastrophe.C.It is troublesome but rewarding.D.It does more harm than good.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】31.【选项释义】31. Whats the purpose of the proposed organization Planned Grandparenthood? 31. 提议祖孙辈计划生育组织的目的是什么？A. To discourage people from insisting on having grandchildren. A. 让人们不要再坚持要孙子孙女了。B. To offer counseling to people on how to raise grandchildren. B. 为人们提供如何抚养孙子孙女的咨询。C. To provide facilities and services for grand-childless parents. C. 为没有孙子孙女的祖父母提供设施和服务。D. To encourage childless couples to have children. D. 鼓励无子女的夫妇生孩子。【答案】A【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段最后两句“我们需要一个组织来打消上一代对于要孩子的偏执。是时候建立一个祖孙辈计划生育了，这会为当地百姓甚至全世界造福。”理解可知，祖孙辈计划生育组织的目的是打消上一代对于要孙子孙女的偏执，A项“让人们不要再坚持要孙子孙女了”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“为人们提供如何抚养孙子孙女的咨询”，根据第二段第一句“它的部分使命是宣传与做祖父母有关的风险和现实”可知，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；C项“为没有孙子孙女的祖父母提供设施和服务”没有提到，该项属于无中生有；D项“鼓励无子女的夫妇生孩子”，祖孙辈计划生育是打消父母要孙子孙女的想法，所以该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。32.【选项释义】32. Planned Grandparenthood would include depressed grandparents on its staff in order to _. 32. 祖孙辈计划生育将包括患有抑郁症的祖父母，以便_。A. share their experience in raising grandchildren in a more scientific way A. 分享他们以更科学的方式抚养孙子孙女的经验B. draw attention to the troubles and difficulties grandchildren may cause B. 让人们注意到孙辈可能会带来的麻烦和困难C. help raise funds to cover the high expense of education for grandchildren C. 帮助筹集资金以支付孙辈的高额教育费用D. show them the joys of life grandparents may have in raising grandchildren D. 让他们看看祖父母在抚养孙辈时可能会享受到的生活乐趣【答案】B【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段第二句“工作人员中包括患有抑郁的祖父母，他们会解释孙辈是如何打碎灯、咬人、尖叫和踢人的”，结合第一句“它的部分使命是宣传与做祖父母有关的风险和现实”理解可知，祖孙辈计划生育将包括患有抑郁症的祖父母，是为了让想要孙子的祖父母认识到孙辈可能会带来的麻烦，B项“让人们注意到孙辈可能会带来的麻烦和困难”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“分享他们以更科学的方式抚养孙子孙女的经验”和D项“让他们看看祖父母在抚养孙辈时可能会享受到的生活乐趣”与祖孙辈计划生育的目的相反，这两项属于反向干扰；C项“帮助筹集资金以支付孙辈的高额教育费用”，这不是让患有抑郁症的祖父母加入祖孙辈计划生育组织的目的，该项属于出处错位。33.【选项释义】33. According to the passage, some couples may eventually choose to have children because _. 33. 根据这篇文章，一些夫妇可能最终会选择要孩子，因为_。A. they have learn from other parents about the joys of having children A. 他们从其他父母那里学到了有孩子的快乐B. they feel more and more lonely ad they grow older B. 随着年龄的增长，他们感到越来越孤独C. they have found it irrational to remain childless C. 他们发现不生孩子是不理智的D. they find it hard to resist the carrot-and-stick approach of their parents D. 他们发现很难抗拒父母软硬兼施的方法【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第四段的内容“与此同时，大多数孩子都容易受到没有孙子的父母试图说服他们的孩子生孩子的巨大影响。他们会接到父母的电话，即使他们有很多工作要做。此外，一些父母会在孙子出生的时候给他一笔可观的钱作为礼物。有时候，这些现金礼物不仅能支付与婴儿出生有关的费用，还能支付额外的费用，比如度假。在任何情况下，即使是最高尚的人，现金礼物也会削弱他们的决心。”，理解可知，一些没有孩子的夫妇更容易受到父母的劝说，他们会接到父母电话，甚至还有金钱奖励，可推断，一些夫妇可能最终在父母的软硬兼施下会选择要孩子，该题选择D项“他们发现很难抗拒父母软硬兼施的方法”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“他们从其他父母那里学到了有孩子的快乐”、B项“随着年龄的增长，他们感到越来越孤独”和C项“他们发现不生孩子是不理智的”文中没有提到，都属于无中生有。34.【选项释义】34. By saying “my parents were putting the grandchild squeeze on me” (Para. 6), the author means that _. 34. 第6段说“我的父母把孙子塞在我身上”，作者的意思是_。A. her parents asked her to save for the expenses of raising a child A. 她的父母要她攒钱以支付抚养孩子的费用B. her parents kept pressuring her to have a child B. 她的父母一直催她要个孩子C. her parents liked to have a grandchild in their arms C. 她的父母喜欢抱孙子D. her parents kept blaming her for her childs bad behavior D. 她的父母一直因她孩子的不良行为而责备她【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第六段“我真希望当我的父母把孙子塞在我身上时，我能求助于祖孙辈计划生育协会”，结合文章前面的内容可知，祖孙辈计划生育协会是打消父母辈想要孙子的念头，而这里提到要求助于祖孙辈计划生育协会，可以推断“我的父母把孙子塞在我身上”表明的意思是父母一直催她要个孩子，B项“她的父母一直催她要个孩子”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“她的父母要她攒钱以支付抚养孩子的费用”和D项“她的父母一直因她孩子的不良行为而责备她”文中没有提及，这两项属于无中生有；C项“她的父母喜欢抱孙子”表述不够准确，根据解题思路可知，“我”想求助祖孙辈计划生育协会，说明父母辈是在催生，该项属于曲解原文。35.【选项释义】35. What does the author really of the idea of having children? 35. 作者对于有孩子这个想法的真正想法是什么？A. It contributes to overpopulation. A. 它导致了人口过剩。B. It is a psychological catastrophe. B. 这是一场心理灾难。C. It is troublesome but rewarding. C. 这很麻烦，但很值得。D. It does more harm than good. D. 它弊大于利。【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据最后一段“如果可以的话，我也许就不会陷入为人父母的困境了。但最讽刺的是，我不想要回没有孩子的生活。”可以看出，作者对于生孩子的看法是两面性的，既不想陷入为人父母的困境，但是又享受有孩子的生活，所以推断作者对于有孩子的想法是虽然很麻烦，但是值得，该题选择C项“这很麻烦，但很值得”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“它导致了人口过剩”不是作者的真正想法，该项属于出处错位；B项“这是一场心理灾难”文中没有提及，该项属于无中生有；D项“它弊大于利”，作者对于有孩子的看法是双面性的，该项属于曲解原文。8. 单选题Passage 2Polyester (聚酯) is now being used for bottles, ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing Melina, the raw material from which high quit polyester boles are made.The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be reused. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade.ICIs commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.26. Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bottles _.27. Why is ICIs Plastics Division interested