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第七讲虚拟语气李仕才第一课时知识过关课 注意虚拟条件句与主句的谓语动词与现在事实或将来可能的事实相反，从句用一般过去时(be用were)；与将来可能的事实相反时还可用were to/should动词原形，主句用would/should/could/might动词原形；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/should/could/might have过去分词。读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线及黑体部分。思考：什么情况下用虚拟语气；虽同是虚拟语气，但什么情况下用过去式表示，什么情况下用(should动词原形)表示。My deskmate, Mary, treats me as_if_she_were1 my sister. She is nice but fat. If_she_were not so fat，she_would_look2 like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised_that_she_(should)_eat3 more vegetables and fruits. He also made a_suggestion_that_she_(should)_work_out4 regularly. Besides, he insisted_that_she_(should)_walk5 to school. If_she_had_followed_the_doctors_advice,_she_would_not_be_so_fat_now6. In other words, if_the_doctor_had_persuaded her to do so, she would_not_have_become7 overweight.This morning, Marys mother bought her a new dress. It was really nice. But after she tried it on, she couldnt help shouting, “If_only_I_were8 a little thinner!_How_I_wish_I_hadnt_eaten9 so much junk food before！” Were_I_Mary,_I would_make10 a weight loss plan. If_I_became_overweight_in_the_future，I_would_do11 sports every day. Now it_is_high_time_she_changed12 her lifestyle. Without a healthy lifestyle, she wouldnt_be13 able to lose weight. I would_rather_she_went14 swimming with me, but she insists_that_water_sports_are15 not suitable for her. So it_is_necessary_that_she_(should)_walk16 to school.1.在as if/as though，even if/even though引导的状语从句或表语从句中，与现在事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。2.表示与现在事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，(be一般用were)，主句的谓语用would/should/could/might动词原形。35.在insist，suggest，advise，order，command，propose，demand，require，request等后面的宾语从句的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，其中的should可以省略。在suggestion，advice，order，command，demand，requirement，request等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，其中的should可以省略。6.错综条件句：有时if从句中的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据他们表示的时间加以调整。本句的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。7.表示与过去事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式用过去完成时，即“had过去分词”，主句用“would/should/could/mighthave过去分词”。89.在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句和If only(但愿)引出的句子中，需用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，从句或if only后的句子的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句或if only后的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时。10.如果if从句中含有were，had或should，可将if省略，然后将were，had或should提前至主语前，即从句可用半倒装。11.表示与将来事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式用一般过去时，或用“were to/should动词原形”，主句用“would/should/could/might动词原形”。12.在It is (high) time that后的从句中，谓语动词用“should(不能省略)动词原形”或一般过去时都可以。13.含蓄条件从句：用连词otherwise，or，but或用介词but for，without等暗示前面的条件。与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。其中介词but for，without表示的虚拟语气，可和if引导的假设条件状语从句替换。14.would (had) rather，would sooner用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。15.动词insist表“坚持认为，坚持说，坚持某种说法”；suggest表“暗示，表明”时，后面从句不用虚拟语气。16.在it is necessary (important，natural，strange，surprising) that引导的主语从句中，主语从句中的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。.单句填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.If I were(be) you, I would do it in a different way.2.If you had followed my advice just now, you would_be(be) fine now.3.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would_have_scored(score) a goal.4.If I had(have) a million dollars, I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas.5.The doctor ordered that she (should)_stay(stay) in bed for a few days.6.It is very important that you (should)_master(master) the skills of computer.7.English teachers give advice that we (should)_make(make) good use of every chance to speak English.8.It is high time that we took/should_take(take) some measures to protect the wild animals.9.How I wish every family had(have) a large house with a beautiful garden!10.Janes pale face suggested that she was(be) ill, and her parents suggested that she (should)_have(have) a medical examination.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)1.How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I had more time for fun.arewere2.Had he worked hard years ago, he would become very rich.在become前加have3.If I were a boy again, I will remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once.willwould4.But the fact that China is also affected by the global economic crisis, we would have fewer workers now.在But后加for5.It might have been done better if you have been more careful.第二个havehad6.I actually believe that we would be in Xian now if you hadnt caught drunk while driving last month.在caught前加been7.It is high time that we establish an honest and fair system of education.establishestablished或在establish前加should8.Mr. Li, my English teacher, speaks English as if he is an Englishman.iswere9.Tibet is so mysteriously described by some people that I think if only I can go there.cancould10.Id rather he goes to the theatre tomorrow.goeswent.语篇填空(阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。)Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1._ (be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hardworking while Peter is lazy.Tom always wins the first place in the exams, which suggests that he 2._ ( be ) hardworking. Peter could do better，3._ he doesnt want to work hard.People believe if Peter 4._ (work) as hard as Tom，he would do as well as his brother in his study.At home, their parents make a suggestion that they 5._ (do) the dishes in turn and insist that they 6._ (finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 7._ (be) also OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end.One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So, he put the exercisebook aside and used another one. When Peter found the previous exercisebook, he struck out Toms name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day.When the teacher told the truth to the twins mother, she kept silent first but her expression suggested that she 8._ ( be ) angry. Later, she shouted at Peter: “How I wish you 9._ (be) as diligent as your brother! Now its time that I 10._ (give) you a good lesson. And I insist that you 11._ (not play) any computer games for a whole month too. Remember to do as I ask you to，12._，you would be forbidden to touch the computer for a year！”“Oh, no! Mom.13._ computer for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 14._ (ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.”Peter was upset. “If you 15._ (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldnt be punished now.” said the mother.【语篇导读】汤姆和彼特虽然长得很像且都很聪明，但学习上却一勤一懒，各不相同，甚至有一次彼特还因偷懒，投机取巧，闹出了笑话。1.wereas if引导的表语从句是与现在事实相反的情况，从句谓语用一般过去时，be一般用were。2.issuggests表示“表明，说明”，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。3.but“本来可以做得更好”与“不愿努力学”是转折关系，故用连词but。4.workedif表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时。5.(should) do在表示“建议”的suggestion后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用(should) do。6.(should) finish在insist表示“坚决要求”时，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。7.is该句的insists表示“坚持认为”，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。8.wassuggested表示“表明，说明”，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。9.were在表示愿望的wish后的宾语从句，其宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在的愿望。10.gave或should give在Its time that句型的that从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时或“should动词原形”。11.(should) not play句中insist表示“坚决要求”，其宾语从句的谓语用“(should)动词原形”。12.or/otherwise由后面句中的谓语would be可知，前面用or或otherwise(否则)来表示虚拟条件。13.Without由后面的would die可知，填without表示虚拟条件。14.asked在would rather后的从句中，用一般过去时表示现在或将来。15.had finished表示与过去事实相反的情况，虚拟条件句的谓语用过去完成时。第二课时写作增分课虚拟语气在写作中的增分点一、使用“虚拟语气”表达“愿望”1.我多么希望我能更聪明一些，精力更充沛一些。(how I wish, more intelligent, more energetic)How_I_wish_I_were_more_intelligent_and_more_energetic.2.要是我上初中时没把时间浪费在看小说上该多好啊。(if only, waste time in doing, read novels, in junior high school)If_only_I_hadnt_wasted_the_time_in_reading_novels_when_I_was_in_junior_high_school.3.是该你尽最大努力来赶上别人的时候了。(its high time that, catch up with others)Its_high_time_that_you_tried/should_try_your_best_to_catch_up_with_others.4.我想你明天还是不来的好。(I would rather)I_would_rather_you_didnt_come_tomorrow.5.他在课堂上如此昏昏欲睡，好像他几天都没睡过觉一样。(sleepy, in class, as if)He_was_so_sleepy_in_class_as_if_he_hadnt_slept_a_wink_for_several_days.6.我感到如此恶心。我希望母亲没有逼我吃那么多。(sick, wish, force)I_feel_so_sick.I_wish_Mum_hadnt_forced_me_to_eat_so_much.二、在写作中巧妙运用虚拟条件句1.如果当时我身上钱足够的话，我就把那本书买下来了。(have enough money with me)If_I_had_enough_money_with_me_at_that_time,_I_would_have_bought_the_book.2.如果明天下雨，野餐将会取消。(put off, until next week；条件句用三种方法翻译)If_it_rained/should_rain/were_to_rain_tomorrow,_the_picnic_would_be_cancelled.3.如果你过去学英语方法正确的话，你的英语现在就不会这么糟。(learn English in the right way, so bad)If_you_had_learned_English_in_the_right_way,_it_wouldnt_be_so_bad_now./Had_you_learned_English_in_the_right_way，it_wouldnt_be_so_bad_now.4.如果计划有变化，我会立即通知你。(should there be, change, the plan, inform, immediately)Should_there_be_any_change_about_the_plan,_I_would_inform_you_immediately.5.要是你再早一点儿来的话，你就不会受到惩罚了。(had you, punish)Had_you_come_earlier,_you_wouldnt_have_been_punished./If_you_had_come_earlier，you_wouldnt_have_been_punished.三、学会熟练使用含蓄条件句1.在竞赛中他本可以得金牌，但他却在比赛开始时就摔倒了。(win a gold medal, but, fall over)He_could_have_won_a_gold_medal,_but_he_fell_over_immediately_the_race_began.2.如果没有电，生活对于许多人来说将是痛苦的。(without, miserable)Without_electricity,_life_would_be_miserable_for_many_people.3.路上堵车了，要不然我早就到了。(be caught in, otherwise, be here earlier)I_was_caught_in_the_traffic_jam;_otherwise_I_would_have_come_here_earlier.4.要不是你的帮助，我在作文竞赛中就得不了一等奖。(but for, the first prize, the English Writing Competition)But_for_your_help,_I_wouldnt_have_won_the_first_prize_in_the_English_Writing_Competition.四、用“(should)动词原形”来表达“想让某人做某事”1.他坚持说他从来没有见过那支钢笔，并坚持要她道歉。(insist, make an apology)He_insisted_that_he_had_never_seen_the_pen_and_insisted_she_make_an_apology.2.医生脸上吃惊的表情表明我母亲的病很严重，医生建议她马上动手术。(the surprised look, suggest, illness, serious, be operated on)The_surprised_look_on_the_doctors_face_suggested_that_my_mothers_illness_was_serious_and_he_suggested_she_be_operated_on_at_once.3.要求每个学生在听报告时要记笔记。(request, take notes, while)It_is_requested_that_every_student_take_notes_while_listening_to_the_report.4.我们催促政府马上采取行动。(urge, the government, take measures)We_urge_that_the_government_take_measures_at_once. 8
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