2020版高考英语一轮复习 课时提能练14 The environment（含解析）牛津译林版

课时提能练(十四).阅读理解A(2019陕西省部分学校检测)I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past.Very seldom have I encountered a courteous human being in this modern era.Recently，I had to change my thinking，when I came face to face with just such a human being in a coffee place，with my two daughters.The place was crowded as usual and we had to climb steep(陡的) stairs in order to find an empty table.After enjoying coffee and snacks，we went down the narrow stairs，where there was hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down.Just as I was in the middle of the stairs，a man entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase(楼梯)I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up.I kept coming down as fast as I could.My daughters were already down，looking up at me worriedly，hoping I would reach them before the stranger started walking up the stairs，knowing I was a nervous sort.Nearly reaching them，I noticed the man still standing near the door.I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open.I looked back，thinking he was still at the door，deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place.I saw him going up the stairs，two at a time.I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through before going up.Such wellmannered people are hard to find these days when pushing is very common in our advanced but aggressive society.We applauded for his chivalry(彬彬有礼的行为)【语篇解读】在这个忙碌的现代社会，彬彬有礼、体贴他人的品质变得尤为珍贵。作者讲述了自己经历的一件事情，并赞扬了这种良好的品质。1What is the meaning of the underlined word“courtesy”in Paragraph 1?AA brave action. BSacrifice spirit.CA considerate action. DSelfish behaviour.C词义猜测题。根据下文故事中的男人为作者让路并且开门可推测出，这是一种体贴的行为，故选C项。A项意为“勇敢的行为”；B项意为“牺牲精神”；D项意为“自私的行为”。2What did the author think of the man at the first sight of him?AHe was in a hurry.BHe would wait for her.CHe would pass her rudely.DHe was a man with good manners.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up”可知，作者本认为这个男人会粗鲁地挤开她上楼梯，故选C项。3Why did the authors daughters worry about her?AShe was easy to be nervous.BShe took up too much space.CShe was too old to walk fast.DShe focused too much on the man.A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“knowing I was a nervous sort”可知，作者是一个很容易紧张的人，故选A项。4What can we learn about the man from Paragraph 4?AHe might be a waiter of the caf.BHe might have an urgent business to do.CHe loved a daughter of the author.DHe would hold the door open for all.B推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I saw him going up the stairs，two at a time”可推知，那个男人应该是有急事要做，故选B项。B(2019辽宁五校联考)A study has shown that nearly 90 percent of traffic accidents are caused by human errors.So our aim is a fully autonomous car that gets rid of the cause of most accidents：the driver.Researcher Hodgson points out，“For safety，the faster you can remove humans，the better，even if there are unfortunately a few accidents from new causes.Its a question of balancing the number injured or killed by autonomous vehicles with the people whose lives are potentially saved.”Its an idea that Elon Musk，CEO of electric car company Tesla Motors，has long believed.His company is determined to be the first to deliver a fully autonomous vehicle to consumers.Last year，Musk announced that Teslas 2017 goal was“to do an example drive of full autonomy all the way from LA to New York.and have the car park itself”However，even Tesla admits that there are problems to overcomethe software needs further validation and the appropriate regulatory approval needs to be in place.Indeed，recent crashes of Tesla vehicles and Google cars confirm that the software isnt ready yet.The UK government appears committed to encouraging the development of autonomous vehicles.Its supporting four city trials，publishing the Modern Transport Bill to reduce red tape around their introduction and adapting the legal system to take into account problems such as insurance liability when a human isnt in control of a vehicle.The insurance industry is similarly eager to help increase autonomy in cars.As the Association of British Insurers(ABI) points out，“More than 90 percent of road accidents are caused by human errors.”This costs motor insurers a shocking 20 million per day in claims.【语篇解读】这篇文章介绍了一种无人驾驶汽车。由于交通事故主要是由驾驶员的失误引发的，这种无人驾驶汽车在某种程度上可以解决交通事故问题。这种想法虽然还需进一步完善，但已经得到了英国政府及保险公司的支持。5What difficulty does the company Tesla Motors have?ANew inventions may cause more injuries and deaths.BThe company lacks confidence to make new creations.CThe software should be made officially acceptable.DThe traffic regulation has proved unreasonable.C细节理解题。题干中的关键词是difficulty，据此定位到第三段的第一句“However，even Tesla admits that there are problems to overcomethe software needs further validation and the appropriate regulatory approval needs to be in place”由此可知，特斯拉公司还需要解决的问题是相关软件需要进一步的验证以及监管机构的批准。6What is the UK governments attitude to autonomous cars?AAmbiguous. BPositive.CCautious.DDisapproving.B推理判断题。题干中的关键词是the UK government，据此定位到第四段第一句“The UK government appears committed to encouraging the development of autonomous vehicles”即英国政府似乎是在鼓励无人驾驶汽车的研发。由此可知，英国政府的态度是支持的，所以答案是B。7What is the main idea of the last paragraph?AInsurance companies would like to support autonomous cars.BHuman mistakes may be the key cause of traffic accidents.CTraffic accidents cost insurance companies quite a lot.DMotorists are surprised to hear about autonomous cars.A段落大意题。段落主题通常会出现在段首，由最后一段的首句“The insurance industry is similarly eager to help increase autonomy in cars”可知，保险公司同样渴望去帮助提高汽车的自动性能。8What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo show his deep love for autonomous cars.BTo introduce a new development in technology.CTo amuse readers with funny examples.DTo provide a persuasive argument against autonomy.B作者意图题。本文重点介绍了一项新技术研发无人驾驶汽车，并介绍了尚待解决的相关问题，以及英国政府、保险公司对此项新技术的态度。.完形填空(2019成都诊断)When Heather McHugh，a poet，won a $500，000“genius grant”from the MacArthur Foundation，she didnt buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris. 1 ，she put the money in the bank and 2 writing poems.In 2011，she finally 3 what to do with it.That year，Heathers godson and his wife 4 their first child，a beautiful baby girl but severely disabled.“I saw how peoples 5 can change overnight.I started thinking about people in a 6 situation.”says Heather.She 7 there were millions of caregivers taking care of the chronically(慢性地) ill or disabled.So in 2012，Heather 8 a nonprofit organization offering a sevenday vacation，with all 9 paid，to people who have been caregivers for at least ten years.Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation.When Tricia got a call saying she was offered a 10 vacation，she couldnt 11 it；disbelief even 12 her concern about leaving her two kids.Tricia went，and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy the 13 things.“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold.I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to，”says Tricia.She was afraid the 14 would return when the 15 was over，but to her surprise，it hasnt been back since.Heather says Tricias 16 resembles those of the other ten caregivers she helps every year.“Before the vacation they are so 17 ，but the 18 is so amazing.They reflect and relax.It feels 19 like another world and gives them a chance to see their lives from another 20 ”she adds.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。Heather McHugh利用自己的五十万美元奖金建立非营利组织，为照顾慢性病患者和残疾人的护理员提供免费休假，让他们到新的环境中，从不一样的角度来看待他们的人生。1A.However BThereforeCInstead DBesidesC根据空处前一句中的“she didnt buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris”可知，在获得了五十万美元的奖金后，她并没有购买汽车或去旅游；结合该句中的“she put the money in the bank”可知，反而，她将这些钱存入银行。C项意为“而是，反而”，符合语境；however“然而”；therefore“因此”；besides“此外”。2A.continued Bquitted Cpracticed DstartedA根据前一句中的“a poet”，结合该句中的“she put the money in the bank and writing poems”可知，她(这位诗人)获奖后，将奖金存进银行，继续(continue)写诗。quit“停止”；practice“实践，训练”。3A.thought over BwonderedCtalked about DdecidedD根据下文中的“Heather a nonprofit organization offering a sevenday vacation”可知，此处表示在2011年，她终于决定如何使用这笔钱。think over“仔细考虑”；wonder“想知道，好奇”；talk about“谈到，谈论”；decide“决定”符合语境。4A.held Bwelcomed Clost DsavedBHeather的教子和他的妻子迎来了他们的第一个孩子，那是一个漂亮的女婴，但是有严重的残疾。hold意为“握着，举行“；lose意为“失去”；save意为“拯救，节约”；welcome“迎接”符合语境。5A.feelings Bfuture Clives DroutineC根据语境，并结合上文中提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一个残疾的女婴可知，Heather看到了人的生活(lives)是如何在一夜之间发生改变的。routine“惯例，常规”。6A.different Bsimilar Cworse DbetterB根据上文提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一个残疾女婴并且Heather看到了人的生活是如何在一夜之间发生改变的可知，Heather开始关注那些有相似(similar)境遇的人。7A.discovered Bclaimed Cadmitted DfeltA她发现有数百万照顾慢性病患者和残疾人的护理员。claim“宣称；断言”；admit“承认”；discover“发现”。8A.donatedBfoundCvisitedDformedD因此Heather在2012年建立了一个非营利组织，为那些成为护理员至少十年的人提供七天免费(free)休假。form“建立，组成”符合语境。donate“捐赠”；find“发现”；visit“参观”。9A.taxes Bsalary Cexpenses DrentC参见上题解析。tax“税”；salary“薪水”；rent“租金”；expense“花费”符合语境。10A.free Bcaring Cshort DlongA参见8题解析。free“免费的”。11A.believe Btake Crefuse DenjoyA根据空后的“disbelief”可知，Tricia不相信她获得了一个免费休假这件事。A项意为“相信”，符合语境。12A.woke Bdefeated Cshowed DmovedB根据下一段中的“Tricia went，and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy.”可知，Tricia接受了免费休假这件事情，由此可知，她对免费休假的怀疑(和向往)打败(defeated)了对于留下孩子们的担忧。wake“醒来”；show“展示”；move“移动”。13A.wonderful Bdelicious Cpeaceful DsimpleD根据空后的“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold.I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to”可知，Tricia在度假时所做的事情都是很普通、很简单的(simple)事情。wonderful“精彩的，极棒的”；delicious“美味的”；peaceful“平静的，和平的”。14A.heaviness BpainCsadness DdisbeliefA她担心度假结束后，自己的生活会回归以前的沉闷，但出乎她意料的是后来的生活并没有回到从前。根据上文可知，Tricia是一个护理员，平时的工作都是照顾病人，生活少有放松的时候，故heaviness“沉闷”符合语境。pain“伤痛”；sadness“伤心，悲伤”；disbelief“怀疑，不信任”。15A.entertainment BdreamCvacation DfreedomC根据第四段第一句“Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation”可知选C。16A.comment Bstory Csurprise DfortuneB上文讲述的是Tricia享受免费休假的故事，故B项story“故事”符合语境。17A.worried BconfusedCunexpected DstressedD根据上文提到的Tricia担心度假结束后自己的生活会回归以前的沉闷可知，D项“stressed”符合语境。18A.award BchangeCscenery DaccommodationB根据上文可知，其他看护人员和Tricia一样，在度假前他们的生活较为沉闷；结合后一句“They reflect and relax”可知，在度假之后，他们变得很放松。据此可知，这样的改变令人惊讶。change意为“改变”，符合语境，故B项正确。award“奖”；scenery“风景”；accommodation“住宿”。19A.slightly Binterestingly Cmagically DmostlyC这神奇地(magically)像是另外一个世界，并且给了他们一个从另一个角度(angle)看待他们的生活的机会。slightly“轻微地”；interestingly“有趣地”；mostly“大多地”；magically“魔法般地”符合语境。20A.place Bsituation Cheight DangleD参见上题解析。- 8 -