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Unit 2 English around the world话题诵读 日积月累The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes(部落)who invaded(侵略)Britain during the 5th century.Old EnglishThe invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages，which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English.Old English didnt sound or look like English today.Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English speakers.However，about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots.Middle EnglishIn 1066，the Norman invaded and conquered England.They also brought with them a kind of French，which became the language of the ruling and business classes.For a period，the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French.In the 14th century，English became a main language in Britain again，with many French words added.This language is called Middle English.Late Modern EnglishThe main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary.Late Modern English has many more words，resulting from two main factors：firstly，technology development created a need for new words；secondly，the British Empire at its height converted one quarter of the earths surface，and the English language used foreign words from many countries.Now there are many other varieties of English in the world，such as Australian English，New Zealand English，Canadian English，South African English，Indian English and Caribbean English.词海拾贝1arrival n到达2period n时期；阶段3class n阶层4result from 因发生；随产生5create v. 生产；制造问题思考1The main idea of the text is _.答案：the history of the English language2When is English called Middle English?_答案：In the 14th century.3Whats the main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English?_答案：Vocabulary.自主预习 步步提高词汇识记.将单词与其正确释义配对1official adj.A本身；本体；身份2native adj.&n. B常常；频繁地3actually adv. C官方的；正式的；公务的4base vt.& n. D逐渐地；逐步地5gradually adv. E流利的；流畅的6vocabulary n. F以为根据；基部；基地；基础7spelling n. G拼写；拼法8identity n. H本国的；本地的；本地人；本国人9fluent adj. I实际上；事实上10frequently adv. J词汇；词汇量；词表答案：1.C2.H3.I4.F5.D6.J7.G8.A9E10.B.根据所给汉语提示写出单词1_adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的2_n. 航行；航海3_adj. 本国的；本地的n本国人；本地人4_adv. 事实上；实际上5_vt. 以为根据n基部；基础；基地6_adj. 逐渐的；逐步的_adv. 逐渐地；逐步地7_adj. 较后的；(两者中)后者的；后半的8_n. 本身；本体；身份9_adj. 流利的；流畅的_adv. 流利地；流畅地10_adj. 频繁的；常见的_adv. 常常；频繁地答案：1.official2.voyage3.native4.actually5.base6gradualgradually7.latter8.identity9.fluentfluently10.frequentfrequently.根据汉语提示写出正确的单词1This _(后者的) point was important.2The shipTitanic sank on its first_(航行)3They bought some new furniture to furnish their new_(公寓)4This tree looks high and strong but_(实际上) its trunk is hollow.5If your_(词汇) is small，you will be bad in English.6She received several_(正式的) letters this morning.7The_(身份) of the killer is still unknown.8She was born in Germany and her_(本国的)language is German.答案：1.latter2.voyage3.apartment4.actually5vocabulary6.official7.identity8.native.根据语境选词填空1She has a _English and can speak English _，for which we all admire her very much.(fluently/fluent)2Losing weight is a slow，_ process，so_she has become slimmer and slimmer.(gradually/gradual)3The_of the word is difficult，but the correct pronunciation of it can help to_it.(spell/spelling)4Our efforts are beginning to have an_effect，and _the effect has made a great difference.(actual/actually)5He is a _ visitor to the house；that is，he visits the house_(frequent/frequently)6It is the responsibility of every person to keep certain _ principles，which means every action should be_ on a certain principle.(based/basic)答案：1.fluentfluently2.gradualgradually3.spellingspell4.actualactually5.frequentfrequently6basicbased语篇理解.Skimming for the main information1What does the passage tell us?AThe brief history of the English language.BThe Modern English based more on German.CThe old English based more on French.DEnglish spoken in English.答案：A2Find out the main idea of each paragraph.Para.1_ AAll languages change when cultures communicate with one another.So does English.Para.2_ BHow English spread(传播) in the past.Para.3_ CNative English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.Para.4_ DBy the 19th century，two big changes in English spelling happened.Para.5_ EEnglish is spoken in many countries.答案：Para.1BPara.2CPara.3APara.4DPara.5E.Scanning for detailed information1How was the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150?AIt was the same as the English spoken at present.BIt was more like French.CIt was based more on German.DIt was more like Danish.2Why was Shakespeare able to make use of a wider vocabulary by the 1600s?ABecause new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.BBecause Shakespeare made up many new words.CBecause British settlers moved to different countries.DBecause a new dictionary was written.3What happened to American English in the 19th century?AIt became more like British English.BIt became more like German.CIt had its own dictionary.DIts spelling was given a separate identity.4Which of the following is NOT true?AEnglish is one of the official languages in India.BEnglish developed when new settlers and rulers came to Britain.CChina has the largest number of English speakers.DNow more people speak English as their first，second or a foreign language.答案：1.C2.A3.D4.C.Intensive reading to finish the passageAt the end of the 16th century, English was only spoken by people from 1._They were native speakers.Today，the largest 2._ of people speaking English may be in China.A lot of Chinese people speak English 3._their foreign language.The 4._ language has changed quite a lot over the last four centuries.Old English sounded more like German for it was 5._on German，but modern English 6._ more like French than German because England was once ruled by the French.Those settlers 7._the language, so Shakespeare could make use of a wider 8._ by the 1600s.Two people had great effects on the English settlement.One was Samuel Johnson, who wrote his 9._，and the other was Noah Webster, who later wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language, which gave American English its own 10._答案： 1.England2.number3.as4.English5based6.sounds7.enriched8.vocabulary9dictionary10.identity阅读素养提升Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English？(various answers)_答案：They may include any of these reasons：to use computers and the Internet，to trade，to learn in Western universities，to read academic journals，etc.精读难句透析1At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.分析：此句为复杂的简单句。句中“_”及“spoken today”皆为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰先行词“_”。译文：_答案：spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150the English译文：最初，英格兰人在大约公元450年到1150年之间所说的英语与我们今天所说的英语很不一样。2Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150，English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.分析：此句为主从复合句。_引导了原因状语从句。在状语从句中又含有_引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“_”，且在从句中充当主语。译文：_答案：becausewhothose译文：然后，渐渐地，大约在公元800年到1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了，因为那时的英国统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。知识聚焦 讲练互动要点直击1Do you know that there is more than one kind of English? 你知道有不止一种英语吗？ 归纳拓展（1）more than one单数名词，意为“不止一个”，在语意上虽为复数，但作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（3）more.than.比更，与其说倒不如说（4）rather than 而不是(1)_ late for class this morning.今天早晨不止一个学生迟到了。(2)He is _ a friend to me.He is also my teacher.他不仅是我的朋友，他还是我的老师。(3)We are _ to help you.我们非常乐意帮助你。(4)He is _ lucky _ clever.与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。答案：(1)More than one student was(2)more than(3)more than glad(4)morethan 即学即练完成句子。(1)Do you need any help，Lucy?Yes.The job is _(超出了我力所能及的范围)单句语法填空。(2)More than one question _(raise) at the meeting last week.(3)What we expect from you is working hard _ hardly working.答案：(1)more than I could do myself(2)was raised(3)rather than2It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础，而我们现在所说的英语则不是。 归纳拓展(1)be based on/upon以为基础；依据base.on/upon.把建立在基础之上(2)at the base of 以为基点；在的底部as a base for 作为的素材(3)basic adj.基本的；基础的(1)One should always _ his opinion _ facts.一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。(2)We camped _ the mountain.我们在山脚下安营。(3)Our companys _ is in Beijing.我们公司总部在北京。 即学即练用base短语的适当形式填空。(1)You should _ your conclusion _ careful research.(2)I found some white flowers _ the monument.(3)The TV play，which _ a detective novel，is very popular with young people. 归纳拓展be present at出席at presentat the present time目前；现在for the present目前；暂时(4)_ they are living in the country.目前他们住在乡下。(5)Many experts _ the meeting.许多专家出席了这次大会。(6)I cant remember her name _我一时想不起她的名字了。(7)The man _ the meeting is the present president of our country.出席会议的那个人是我们的现任总统。答案：(1)baseon(2)at the base of(3)base(4)At present(5)were present at(6)for the present(7)present at名师点津：present意为“目前的”时，常用作前置定语；意为“在场的”时，常用作后置定语。联想“出席与缺席”的相关词汇：present adj. 出席的；在场的；现在的；当前的presence n出席；存在；到场absent adj. 缺席的；缺乏的；不在的absence n. 不在；缺席；缺乏 即学即练用适当的介词填空。(4)We dont know how many people will be present _ the meeting _ the present.(5)How many people have been presented with the Nobel Peace Prize _ the present time?同义词语替换。(6)Please dont worry.Your son is all right now_(7)How many people attended the meeting?_(8)Flowers were_given_to all the dancers._答案：(1)baseon(2)at the base of(3)is based on(4)atfor(5)at(6)at present(7)were present at(8)were presented to3Id like to come up to your apartment.我乐意去你的公寓。 归纳拓展come up 走进；上来；提出come up with 提出；想出；找到come on 快点；加油come across 偶遇，碰到come out 出来；出版；开花形象记忆图解come up(1)His name has_ a lot.他的名字被多次提到。(2)When the sun _，the heavy fog disappeared gradually.当太阳升起，浓雾就渐渐地消失了。(3)Scientists have _ a shocking idea.科学家们已提出了一个令人震惊的想法。答案：(1)come up(2)came up(3)come up with名师点津：come up表示被“提及”，其主语是被提出的内容，主动形式表示被动含义；come up with“提出”，其主语是提出动作的发出者，后面的宾语才是被提出的内容。 即学即练用适当的介、副词填空。(1)Ive never come_ such an experience in my time.(2)They came up_a cure for the disease.(3)The dictionary is being printed and it will soon come_(4)Come _please.Only a few minutes left.答案：(1)across(2)with(3)out(4)on4So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.所以到17世纪时，莎士比亚能够使用比以往任何时候都要丰富的词汇量。 归纳拓展make use of 利用；使用make good/full/little use of 好好/充分/不充分利用make the best of 充分利用make the most of 充分利用(1)We should _ our spare time to study.我们应该利用我们的业余时间去学习。(2)Ten minutes has been _ to study the problem.充分利用10分钟的时间来研究这个问题。答案：(1)make use of(2)made full use of名师点津：make use of 的常见变形(1)把use 提前使用被动语态。(2)把use提前用作先行词，其后接定语从句。(3)把make use of的宾语提前作主语，此短语用被动语态。 即学即练完成句子。(1)We should _ the Internet when we do research work.我们做研究工作时应当充分利用因特网。单句改错。(2)Thats the best use that we made for money._(3)Her vast experience will be made full use by us._答案：(1)make full/good use of (2)forof(3)use与by之间加of5For example，India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.比如，由于英国在1765至1947年间统治着印度，所以印度有很大一部分人会讲一口流利的英语。 归纳拓展a number of“许多，大量的”，和复数名词连用。当它出现在主语前时，谓语动词用复数形式。还可以在number 前加上形容词 great，large，small等表示程度。the number of “的数量”，修饰可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。_ professors _ present today；_ them _600.许多教授今天都在场，他们的数量有600人。答案：A number ofarethe number ofis 即学即练用a number of，the number of 填空。(1)We have lived here for _ years.(2)There are _ students in the school，but I dont know _ the girls among them.用所给词的适当形式填空。(3)The number of the students _(keep)rising these years，and a number of them _(come) from countryside.答案：(1)a number of(2)a number ofthe number of(3)keepscome6Can you find the following command and request from Reading?你能从“阅读”中找到下列的命令和要求吗？ 归纳拓展(1)have a good command of掌握；精通(尤指语言)be in command of掌握；控制at sbs command听某人支配(2)command sb to do sth命令某人做某事command that.(should) do sth命令(1)Besides，I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.另外，我的英语掌握得很好，被选为英语老师的助手。(2)The police _ the messy situation now.警察现在已控制住了混乱的形势。(3)He has a great number of English idioms _他掌握了大量的英语成语。(4)He _ the work in an hour.He _ that we_ the work in an hour.他命令我们一个小时内完成这个工作。 即学即练单句语法填空。(1)He commanded that all the copies of the book _ (destroy)(2)Li Ping often watches English TV news in her spare time.No wonder she has _good command of English.(3)He commanded the rescue team _(climb) over the mountain in two hours. 归纳拓展(1)at sbs requestat the request of sb应某人之要求make a request/requests for.请求；要求(2)request sb to do sth请求某人做某事request sth from/of sb向某人要求某物request that.(should)do sth请求It is requested that.(should)do sth据要求(5)He came to attend the party _他应她的邀请来参加宴会。(6)You can talk to the robot，ask it questions，and _ it to perform different tasks.你可以和机器人谈话，问问题，还可以要求它执行不同的任务。(7)My parents requested that I _ a second foreign language.My parents requested me _ a second foreign language.我父母要求我再学一门外语。答案：(2)are in command of(3)at his command(4)commanded us to finishcommanded (should) finish(5)at her request/at the request of her(6)make requests for(7)should learnto learn 即学即练单句语法填空。(4)Now I come here _ the request of Smith to assist him in finishing the work.(5)The request was that we _(leave)as fast as we could.(6)They made _request for more food and clothes.答案：(1)be destroyed(2)a (3)to climb(4)at(5)should leave(6)a7Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。 归纳拓展常见的插入语：to tell(you) the truth (跟你)说实话to be honest/exact老实说/准确地说generally speaking一般说来in other words换句话说whats more而且whats worse更糟糕的是that is to say也就是说(1)_，he went to that city on foot alone.信不信由你，他曾独自步行去那个城市。(2)_，he is a maths teacher.准确地说，他是一位数学老师。 即学即练单句语法填空。(1)Believe it _ not，I was left waiting in the rain for two hours.(2)_ other words，he did pass the driving test.(3)Whats _(bad)，it began to rain. 归纳拓展(1)such修饰单数名词时，位于不定冠词a/an之前；若名词前有one，no，any，some，all，many等词修饰时，such放在这些词之后。(2)such 用作代词，位于句首时，谓语动词的单复数根据后面的名词来决定。(3)Hes _他就是这么一个人。(4)_ the facts.事实就是这样。答案：(1)Believe it or not(2)To be exact(3)such a man(4)Such were 即学即练完成句子。(4)_ is enough.这样的字典有一本就够了。(5)_ my hope for the future.我对未来的希望就是这样。答案：(1)or(2)In(3)worse(4)One such dictionary(5)Such is8Although many Americans move a lot，they still recognize and understand each others dialects.虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是他们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。 归纳拓展(1)recognize sb/ones voice认出某人/听出某人的声音recognize sb/sth as/to be 承认是be recognized to be/as.被认作/被认为是recognize that. 认识到/承认It is recognized that. 人们公认(2)recognition n认出；认识(1)The moment I answered the phone，I _ his voice.我一接电话就听出了他的声音。(2)People _ the sports meeting is a great success.It _ the sports meeting is a great success.The sports meeting _ a great success.人们公认这次运动会十分成功。答案：(1)recognized(2)recognize thatis recognized thatis recognized to be熟词生义The company recognized Mr Browns outstanding work by promoting him to chief manager.公司提升布朗先生为总经理以表彰他出色的工作。(recognize vt.赏识；表彰) 即学即练单词语法填空。(1)He_(recognize)me，but did not smile a greeting.(2)The book is now recognized_ a classic.(3)_(recognize)a problem is the first step in finding a solution.一句多译。(4)Lightning Bolt_ a genius for dash._ Lightning Bolt is a genius for dash.“闪电”博尔特被公认为短跑天才。答案：(1)recognized(2)as/to be(3)Recognizing(4)is recognized to be/asIt is recognized that9Geography also plays a part in making dialects.地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。 归纳拓展play a part inplay a role in在中扮演一个角色；在方面起作用play the part/role of(角色名)扮演的角色(1)His parents _ his success.他的成功有他父母的因素在内。(2)Books _ your gaining knowledge.书在你获得知识方面起着重要作用。(3)She _ a thief in the play.她在剧中演了一个贼。答案：(1)played a part in(2)play an important part in(3)plays the role of名师点津：(1)play a part/role in表示组织/活动/戏剧等的词，而play the part/role of表示成员、身份或角色等的词。(2)play a part in通常做以下变化考查：把名词提前使用被动语态。把名词提前用作先行词，其后接定语从句。 即学即练完成句子。(1)He _carrying through the whole plan.他在完成整个计划中起着重要的作用。(2)_flood control is very important.我们的军队在抗洪方面发挥着重要作用。(3)Do you _ all kinds of activities at school?你在学校积极参加各种活动吗？答案：(1)played an important part in (2)The role that our army played in(3)take an active part in10Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的英语不尽相同，也可以相互理解。句式分析此句为主从复合句。even if引导让步状语从句，意为“即使，尽管”，可以与even though互换。(1)I like her，even if/though she can be annoying at times.尽管她有时会很烦人，我还是喜欢她。(2)Even if/though we could afford it，we wouldnt go abroad for vacation.即使支付得起，我们也不出国度假。 即学即练完成句子。(1)Mr Smith likes to help us _.史密斯先生虽然很忙，但他还是愿意帮我们。(2)_，I wouldnt go.即使受到邀请，我也不去。答案：(1)even if/though he is very busy(2)Even if invited11As we know，British English is a little different from American English.众所周知，英式英语与美式英语有所不同。句式分析该句中as引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中充当know的宾语，as指代整个主句的内容。as引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词往往是整个主句，常译为“正像一样，正如一样”。常见的表达方式有：as is well known 众所周知；as often happens 这种情况经常发生；as is often the case情况常常这样；as is supposed 如所预料的；as has been pointed out 如所指出的；as has been said before 如前所述；as I can remember 正如我所记得的；as we expect 正如我们所预料的那样。(1)_，the moon travels around the earth.众所周知，月亮围着地球转。(2)We were sitting，_，in a riverside restaurant.我记得我们当时是坐在一个河畔的餐馆里。答案：(1)As we all know(2)as I remember 即学即练完成句子。(1)_，few people are t
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