（浙江专用）2020版高考英语一轮复习 话题练 第17练 科普知识与现代技术练习（含解析）

第17练 科普知识与现代技术基础巩固.单句语法填空1TheInternethasenabledus_(know) andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter.2However，someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharm_mankind.3Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology_(bring) aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar.4Iwilltellyou_(direct) thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethesocialprogress.5In18thcentury，the_(invent) ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution.6Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch_(convenient) tous.7Incontrast，thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnected_moderninventionsclosely.8WhyIsayitnormalisbecauseIbelievethatnothingis_(absolute) goodandrightforus.9Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport，thereareplentyofotherthings，_(include) robots.10Wecandomanythingsthatwedidnthavetheabilitytodointhepastby_(use) robots.11Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，I_(full) believethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.12Weliveinanage_moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.13Thenewtechnology，if_(apply) toricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.14Hethoughtthatthekeyto_(feed) peoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.15Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmodern_(invent) inourlifethecomputernetwork.话题词汇1advantagen优势2artificialadj.人造的，人工的3negativeeffect负面影响4breakthroughn突破5surftheInternet上网6explorev探索7conveniencen方便8withthedevelopmentof.随着的发展9changeoneslife改变某人的生活10drawbackn缺点，不利条件能力提升.阅读理解(2018辽宁葫芦岛一模)AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland，sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.Thefarmanimals，whoaresocialandhavelargebrains，werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother，aswellasfamiliarhumans.However，theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.Therecentstudy，theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournalRoyalSocietyshowedthatthewoollycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces，includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson.Initially，thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Later，theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle，thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percentthesamerateatwhichahumansabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknowthattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”saidProfessorJennyMorton，wholedtheCambridgestudy.“Weveshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedfacerecognitionabilities，closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.”Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings，andsomedisordersofthebrain，includingHuntingtonsdisease，affectthisability.“Sheeparelonglivedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain，suchasHuntingtonsdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(认知的) abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid.16Accordingtothenewresearch，whatsunusualaboutsheep?ATheyhavelargebrains.BTheycanrecognizetheirowners.CTheycantellanimalsfromhumans.DTheycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.17Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep?ABygivingfoodrewards.BByshowingphotosoffamouspeople.CByguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers.DByshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns.18Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?ASheephaveahigherfacerecognitionabilitythanmonkeys.BThenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges.CThesheepsfacerecognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain.DThesheepsfacerecognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle.19Whatsthebesttitleofthepassage?AAWonderfulScientistBTheLifeofSheepCANewDiscoveryAboutSheepDHowSheepRecognizeEachOther.完形填空IwasconfusedwhileIwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.IwassittingtherelookingatwhatId_20_andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe_21_inmymind.Imaboutto_22_alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsoda.WhatcanIsay？Imtryingtolosesomeweight._23_，Idothingslikethatallthetime，whichisprobablywhythepoundsare_24_soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑步机) andI_25_myselfwithpotatochips.I_26_thatIwillnolongereatthemagain，soIjusteatalotatthistime.Imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsolutelyright，andthenatbedtime“justonechipwont_27_it”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofpotatochipsgo？”Ofcourse，I_28_dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyandexercising_29_.Iwasstartingtofeela(n) _30_.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.Butjustasitwasabouttobecomea_31_，Ienteredaperiodoflong，latenightsfilledwith_32_deadlines.Isatinfrontofmycomputer，eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay_33_.Withinafewdays，thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa_34_.Unfortunatebut_35_，Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmill._36_，Ihadworktodo，forwhichIneededalltheenergyIcould_37_.SoIstartedskippingexercisesessions.And_38_Istarteddoingso，itbecameeasiertoskipthem.Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjustanother_39_.20A.cookedBorderedCdesignedDintroduced21A.battleBcompetitionCperformanceDpractice22A.burnBcontainCloseDconsume23A.SurprisinglyBHappilyCUnfortunatelyDHopefully24A.comingoffBpassingawayCtakingoffDturningaway25A.equipBconnectCpresentDreward26A.agreeBpretendCimagineDdecide27A.hurtBcountCchangeDsolve28A.alwaysBsometimesCseldomDnever29A.hardlyBinstantlyCregularlyDslightly30A.urgeBattractionCdifferenceDpain31A.planBhabitCgameDhobby32A.originalBcommonCinspiringDtight33A.awakeBcalmChealthyDstrong34A.goalBmemoryCrealityDtrend35A.unbelievableBchangeableCunderstandableDenjoyable36A.ThereforeBHoweverCBesidesDOtherwise37A.lackBsaveCshowDthrow38A.onceBbeforeCunlessDthough39A.choiceBfaultCcauseDexcuse.应用文写作假定你是班长李华，请根据以下内容给新任外教Smith先生写一封信，向他表示欢迎并转达同学们对英语课的建议：1介绍西方文化；2组织多种多样的活动；3关注学生发音，提高听说能力。注意：1词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearMrSmith，Imwritingonbehalfofmyclasstoextendourwarmwelcometoyou._Thankyouverymuch.Wearelookingforwardtomeetingyousoon!Yourstruly，LiHua答案精析话题练.1.toknow2.to3.hasbrought4.directly5.invention6.convenience7.with8.absolutely9.including10.using11.fully12.when13.applied14.feeding15.inventions.16D细节理解题。由第一段中的“sheep are able to recognize human faces from photographs”可知，绵羊的不寻常之处在于它们能够从照片中识别人脸，故选D。17A细节理解题。由第四段首句“Initially，the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food rewards.”可知，研究人员通过给绵羊食物奖励来训练绵羊，故选A。18B推理判断题。由最后一段中的“That means they can be useful models to help.Our study gives us another way to monitor how these abilities change.”可以推断出，该项新发现有益于对认知能力改变的研究，故选B。19C标题归纳题。通读全文可知这篇文章主要讲了一项新的研究表明绵羊能够从照片中识别人脸，故选C。.语篇解读作者想要减肥，但是他不断地摄入大量脂肪，又因为种种原因放弃了锻炼，最终减肥失败。20Bcook烹饪；order点菜，命令；design设计；introduce介绍。由上文中的“I was eating lunch in a restaurant”可知，此处指作者看着自己“点的食物”。21Abattle战斗；competition竞争；performance表演；practice练习。下一句提到作者摄入大量脂肪，又喝苏打水减肥，故可知作者非常矛盾，内心做着激烈的“斗争”。故A项正确。22Dburn燃烧；contain包含；lose失去；consume吃，喝，饮。作者打算消耗掉大量的脂肪。故D项正确。23Csurprisingly令人惊讶地；happily高兴地；unfortunately不幸地；hopefully有希望地。上一句提到作者想要减肥，但是不幸的是作者还不断地摄入大量脂肪，所以此处意为“不幸的是”。故C项正确。24Acome off从掉下；pass away去世；take off起飞；turn away拒绝进入。作者不断地摄入大量脂肪，这是作者体重下降慢的原因。故A项正确。25Dequip装备，使具有；connect连接；present颁发，呈现；reward奖赏。作者在跑步机上锻炼半个小时后，用薯片来奖励自己。故D项正确。26Dagree同意；pretend假装；imagine想象；decide决定。由后面的“so I just eat a lot at this time”可知，作者决定以后再也不吃薯片了，所以只在这次吃很多的薯片。故D项正确。27Ahurt危害，伤害；count数数；change改变；solve解决。作者认为只吃一片薯片不会妨碍自己减肥，这是作者为自己吃薯片找的借口。故A项正确。28Balways一直，总是；sometimes有时候；seldom很少；never从不。由下一句“Once I put together two full weeks of eating properly.”可知，作者有时候减肥计划实施得很好。故B项正确。29Chardly几乎不；instantly立即；regularly有规律地，定期地；slightly稍微地。由下文“I could bend over to tie my shoes more easily.”可知，作者的减肥计划曾经实施得很好。由此可知，作者曾经有两周坚持合理饮食并经常锻炼。故C项正确。30Curge迫切的要求；attraction吸引力；difference不同；pain痛苦。由下一句“I could bend over to tie my shoes more easily.”可知，作者弯腰系鞋带容易多了，说明作者开始感觉到不同了。故C项正确。31Bplan计划；habit习惯；game游戏；hobby业余爱好。由该段最后一句中的“the habit of a sensible eating and exercising”可知，此处指正当合理饮食和经常锻炼即将成为一个习惯时。故B项正确。32Doriginal最初的；common常见的；inspiring鼓舞人心的；tight紧的。由下一句作者熬夜工作可知，作者的工作期限很紧。故D项正确。33Aawake醒着的；calm冷静的；healthy健康的；strong强壮的。作者通过吃零食、喝苏打水来保持清醒状态。故A项正确。34Bgoal目标；memory记忆；reality现实；trend趋势。熬夜使得作者没有再坚持合理的饮食和锻炼，所以合理的饮食和锻炼成为了一个“记忆”。故B项正确。35Cunbelievable难以置信的；changeable易变的；understandable可理解的；enjoyable愉快的。作者太疲惫了以至于不能坚持锻炼，这虽然不幸但是可以理解。故C项正确。36Ctherefore因此；however但是；besides此外；otherwise否则。上一句提到作者太累以至于不能坚持锻炼。该句提到作者有大量工作要做。这都是作者放弃的原因，它们之间是并列关系，故C项正确。37Black缺乏；save储存，节省；show展示；throw扔。大量的工作需要消耗作者所能储存的所有能量。故B项正确。38Aonce一旦；before以前；unless除非；though但是。一旦间断锻炼，以后就很容易经常间断。故A项正确。39Dchoice选择；fault缺点，过失；cause起因；excuse借口。作者认为我们总是能够找到理由不去做应该做的事。每一个理由都是为自己开脱的借口。故D项正确。.参考范文DearMrSmith，Imwritingonbehalfofmyclasstoextendourwarmwelcometoyou.HerearesomeofourexpectationsforyourEnglishclass.Firstly，wedliketohavetopicsinclassaboutWesternculturesowecanknowmoreabouttheculturebehindthelanguage.Besides，wedappreciatevariousactivitiestogeteveryoneinvolvedandtomakeclassesinteresting.Finally，pleasegiveussomeguidanceandtraininginourpronunciation，becausewethinkweareweakinit.Andwearealleagertohaveourlisteningandspeakingabilitiesimproved.ItsourhopethatwecanspeakEnglishfluently.Thankyouverymuch.Wearelookingforwardtomeetingyousoon!Yourstruly，LiHua9