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课时提能练(五)必修1Module 5A Lesson in a Lab课时作业A：基础层面.单句语法填空1Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to_teach(teach) how to read fast.2I listened to his adventure with a mixture(mix) of amusement and disbelief.3The business has_expanded(expand) from having one office to having twelve so far.4The conclusion(conclude), I think, he drew from his simple experiment is not scientific.5Sadness is a normal reaction(react) to lifes struggles, setbacks, and disappointments.单句改错1Many people have come to realize that they should keep a balancing diet.balancingbalanced2So far, our school has brought in some new equipments.equipmentsequipment3It was astonished to find his reading ability improved so much.astonishedastonishing4You should put your things in the order after you play with them.去掉the5The doctor thought that would be good for you to have a holiday.thatit .选词成篇I 1.used_to take part in voluntary work at a childrens hospital in my hometown, where I learned that a child is less likely to be born with disease if its pregnant mother changes her eating habits.I 2.found_out that food preservatives(防腐剂) in particular may be a reason, so I decided to do some research 3.in_the_area_of food safety.Before I started my experiment, I made sure other people 4.were_kept_out_of my lab.During the experiment, I observed how the materials 5.reacted_with each other.Of course, I 6.was_supposed_to set down all the results for future reference.After I finished my scientific report, I excitedly signed my name 7.at_the_bottom_of it.In the course, I learned not only how to conduct a scientific experiment, but also how to express my research result.Most importantly, I 8.was_proud_of myself.根据提示补全句子1这个国家欢迎以物质和现金形式的外国援助。(form)The country welcomes foreign aid in_the_form_of material and cash.2我相信这次旅行会大大加深我们的知识。(add)The trip, I believe, will add_greatly_to_our_knowledge.3问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。(the比较级 .，the比较级 .)The_more_difficult the questions are, the_less_likely he is able to answer them.4你通晓中国文化是必要的。(it beadj.to do .)Its_necessary_for_you_to_have_a_good_knowledge_of Chinese culture.5这是你今天早上要的文件。(here引起的完全倒装句)Here_is_the_document you asked for this morning.课时作业B：能力层面.阅读理解 (2019湖南省六校联考)If I scratch your back and you scratch mine, then were both better off as a resultso goes the principle of reciprocity.As humans, we are familiar with the concept, whether it is by buying rounds of drinks or expelling diplomats.But do animals also help those who help them? The answer may be yes.A paper by Dolivo and Taborsky shows that Norway rats will only give as good as they get.In their laboratory, Dolivo and Taborsky first trained rats to pull a stick that provided a food item within the reach of a rat in a neighboring cage separated from them by wire mesh(铁丝网)They then introduced a further treatment in which an experimental rat was placed in a cage with other caged rats on either side.On one side the rat pulled a stick that provided pieces of carrot to the rat in the central cage, while the other pulled a stick that produced banana pieces.In the following trials the focal rat (the one in the central cage) had the opportunity to repay the other rats using the same stick tool to deliver food items.Now, the rats had typically turned their noses up at the carrot and showed a strong preference for the more desirable banana.On the basis that the bananaproviding rat should be therefore remembered as the superior partner, the authors predicted that in the test phase(阶段) the focal rat would more readily provide help for bananaoffering rats than for carrotoffering rats.This proved to be the case: the rats that had provided better help in the past received greater rewardsit seemed that they were behaving reciprocally.Dolivo and Taborskys experiments show that rats can recall the quality of help provided and by which rat, and adjust their behavior so as to invest more time and energy in helping those that helped them.It is apparent that we shouldnt undervalue the ability of animals to engage in reciprocity.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章详细介绍了Dolivo和Taborsky用挪威老鼠做实验得出结论的过程。实验的结果告诉人们，我们不应该低估动物的互惠能力。1What does the underlined word “reciprocity” probably refer to?AThe act of being kind to other people.BA cooperative exchange of favors.CA positive attitude to everything.DThe quality of being generous.B词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句中的“If I scratch your back and you scratch mine, then were both better off as a result”可知，如果两个人互相抓背，则两人都能得到好处；由此可推知，reciprocity意为“互惠”，故B项正确。2What would happen if a rat pulled the stick?AIt would find some food in its own cage.BOther rats would be able to enter its cage.CAnother rat in another cage would get food.DIt would be able to enter a neighboring cage.C推理判断题。根据第二段的内容和第三段尾句“On one side the rat pulled a stick that provided pieces of carrot to the rat in the central cage, while the other pulled a stick that produced banana pieces”可推知，如果一只老鼠拉棍子，则另一个笼子里的老鼠会吃到食物，故C项正确。3Which got more benefit from the focal rat?AThe rats that preferred carrot pieces.BThe rats that preferred banana pieces.CThe rats that had provided carrot pieces.DThe rats that had provided banana pieces.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容尤其是“the rats that had provided better help in the past received greater rewards”可知，提供香蕉片的老鼠会得到更多的回报，故D项正确。4Which of the following might Dolivo and Taborsky agree with?ASome animals may return others help.B. Norway rats have very poor memories.CIt is hard to explain the ability of animals.DRats behavior is very uncommon.A推理判断题。根据尾段第一句“Dolivo and Taborskys experiments show that rats can recall the quality of help provided and by which rat, and adjust their behavior so as to invest more time and energy in helping those that helped them”可知，Dolivo和Taborsky的实验表明，老鼠能够回忆起谁提供的帮助和帮助的质量，并调整它们的行为，从而投入更多的时间和精力去帮助那些帮助过它们的同类；由此可推知，动物会回报帮助过它们的对象，故A项正确。.完形填空(2019福建省质量检查测试)Every year, the fifth graders at Brookstone Elementary School went on a field trip to Washington, DC.Terence _1_ the exciting trip, and was _2_ to go the next year.Terence asked his parents _3_ if they would pay for half of the trip if he earned the other half of the money himself.His parents _4_.He had almost a year to earn $150.His first _5_ was to earn money by babysitting, and he typed a nice letter _6_ that “he would babysit during his neighbors _7_”He named a few afternoons available and said he would _8_ $1 per hour per child.After five babysitting _9_， he earned $45.When the _10_ weather arrived, Terence knocked on his neighbors doors to ask if they needed help with _11_ work.He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens.After the summer was over, he earned $75.When the fall arrived, he counted his money and _12_ that he still needed $30 for his trip.Soon his mom saw a(n) _13_ for a job for him.He got a job _14_ newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper, $10 _15_ each Wednesday.It wasnt long before he had _16_ money to go on the trip to Washington, DC.He was _17_ in time.The class trip was on October 15.His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they _18_ him.What a great feeling! He helped _19_ the cost of his trip.This experience _20_ Terence in many ways, making his dream a reality with great efforts.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。小学生Terence非常渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行，他希望自己挣一半旅费，另一半由父母资助。父母答应后，他通过帮邻居照看小孩、修剪花园和给花园除杂草等工作攒够了钱。1A.prepared forBlaid outCreferred toDheard aboutD根据空前一句可知，每年Terence所在学校的五年级学生都要去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；结合该句中的“to go the next year”可知，Terence应该是听说了这个激动人心的旅行，就渴望来年也去。D项意为“听说”，故D项正确。2A.dyingBgratefulCluckyDproudA参见上题解析。be dying to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“渴望做某事”，故A项正确。3A.curiouslyBcasuallyCanxiouslyDbrieflyC根据上文可知，Terence渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；又结合语境可知，此处表示Terence急切地问他的父母是否愿意支付他参加旅行的一半费用。C项意为“急切地，渴望地”，故C项正确。4A.submittedBagreedCbargainedDrefusedB根据下文可知，他有近一年的时间去挣150美元；又根据下文中的“His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they _ him”可知，他的父母同意(agreed)为他支付一半的旅行费用。5A.ideaBjobCconclusionDsuggestionA根据该句中的“to earn money by babysitting” “typed a nice letter”并结合语境可知，他的第一个主意(idea)就是通过代人临时照看孩子来挣钱，并打了一封信，信上说(saying)在邻居不在时他可以帮他们照看孩子。6A.declaringBconfirmingCshowingDsayingD参见上题解析。7A.stayBcompanyCinteractionDabsenceD参见第5题解析。absence“缺席，不在”符合语境，故D项正确。8A.payBspendCchargeDdonateC根据该句中的“$1 per hour per child”并结合语境可知，Terence帮邻居照看孩子的收费标准是每个孩子每小时一美元。C项意为“收费，开价”，故C项正确。9A.negotiationsBsessionsCattemptsDinterviewsB根据语境可知，在帮助邻居照看五次孩子后，他赚了45美元。B项意为“一段时间”，符合语境，故B项正确。10A.warmBfineCunusualDchangeableA根据下文“He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens”可知，该处指当温暖的(warm)天气来临时，他敲邻居们的门问是否需要帮忙做院子(yard)里的工作。11A.yardBpaperCschoolDvolunteerA参见上题解析。12A.admittedBdeterminedCcomplainedDinsistedB根据该句中的“he still needed $30 for his trip”和语境可知，数过钱后，他算出还需要30美元。determine“准确算出”符合语境。13A.directoryBpermitCadvertisementDemailC根据下文中他开始送报纸，并结合语境和常识可知，很快他的妈妈看到一个广告(advertisement)，为他找到了一份工作。14A.editingBupdatingCprintingDdeliveringD根据该句中的“newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper”可知，他得到了一份在每周三下午送报纸的工作，每份报纸挣5美分，每周三总共(in total)挣10美元；deliver newspapers意为“送报纸”，故D项正确。15A.at onceBon timeCafter allDin totalD参见上题解析。16A.extraBmuchCenoughDeasyC根据上文描述的他还需要30美元和他每周三送报纸挣10美元可知，不久他就有足够的(enough)钱去华盛顿旅行了。17A.justBevenCeverDstillA根据下文“The class trip was on October 15”可推知，秋天时他赚够了钱，正好赶上旅行。A项意为“正好”，故A项正确。18A.owedBlentCpromisedDorderedC根据上文他的父母同意给他出一半的钱可知，此处表示他的父母给了之前向他承诺的150美元的支票。C项意为“承诺”，故C项正确。19A.countBcoverCestimateDreduceB根据上文可知，他挣了150美元，他的父母又给他150美元，所以他攒够了足以支付自己旅行的费用。B项意为“足以支付，够付”，符合语境，故B项正确。20A.astonishedBshapedCexcitedDimpressedB根据语境并结合选项可知，这段经历在很多方面塑造了(shaped) Terence，他以巨大的努力使自己的梦想成为现实。7
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