跨文化交际期末试题

考试需知：考试前每一列学生把课本放在第一排。考试时间为25个小时，试卷1为闭卷考试，前面40分钟用于完成试卷1。待老师收上试卷1后，发下课本，学生做试卷2，试卷2 为开卷考试。可携带纸质词典进考场，不许携带电子词典及手机进考场。Test Paper 1. Filling the blanks:1. Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality, the communication in the West is low-contextual while that in the East is high-contextual2. Generally speaking, in terms of world views, the West adopts Dualistic view, while the East adopts holistic view3. Generally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West follows Analytic and abstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic and concrete thinking4. Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West uses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern5 In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in India is Siddhartha Gautama, the great figure in Palestine are Hebrew prophets, and the great thinkers in the West are Plato, Homer and Archimedes . Choose the best answer:1. Non-verbal messages are classified into two comprehensive categories: those that are primarily produced by the body, such as_,_,_; and those that the individual combines with the setting, such as _, _, _.DA. physical contact, eye contact, paralanguage; space, time, manB. facial expression, touch, taste; space, time, silenceC. appearance, movement, gesture; surrounding, occasion, manD. movement, smell, paralanguage; space, time, silence2. In Chinese writing, there are usually more adjectives, proverbs and allusions than in English writing. Some Western scholars name this style “flowery”, stating that its aim is to give a more fanciful impression than information, and the information is usually of beauty, fragrance, happiness, and any other “goodness” aspects so as to attract people. We may term this style as_-oriented. Western writing is more direct with objective information. To them, much-repeated words may mean less after a while. We may term the Western writing as _-oriented.C A. adjective, objective B. Chinese, WesternC. impression, information C. indirect, direct 3. As to the human nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that _, while the Asian people believe that_.B A. basically good; basically bad B. evil but perfectible, basically good C. the mixture of good and evil; the mixture of good and evil; D. unknown 4. As to the Man-Nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that _, while the Asian people believe that_.D A. subjugation to nature; harmony with nature B. harmony with nature; mastery over nature C. harmony with nature; subjugation to nature D. mastery over nature; harmony with nature 5. As to time orientation, generally speaking, the USA is_, the Philippines, Mexico, and Latin America are _, and Asia, Britain, Greece, France are _.C A. on-time oriented; in-time oriented; late-time oriented B. youth-oriented; adult-oriented; elderly-oriented C. future-oriented; present-oriented; past-oriented D. present-oriented; future-oriented; past-oriented 6. In terms of activity orientation, the USA is_, the Philippines, Mexico, and Latin America are _, and Asia is _.D A. doing-oriented; playing-oriented, being-oriented B. playing-oriented; being-oriented; doing-oriented C. being-oriented; doing-oriented; being-in-becoming oriented D. doing-oriented; being-oriented; being-in-becoming oriented 7. The dividing worldview is also referred to as mechanistic view. It goes by the following different names: DA. reason versus result; religion versus art; objectivity versus imaginationB. instinct versus intuition; science versus technology; imagination versus subjectivity C. tuition versus intuition; region versus religion; subjugation versus subjectivity D. reason versus intuition; science versus religion; objectivity versus subjectivity 8. The Greek thinks in order to _. It is speculation. The Hindu thinks in order to _. It is meditation. The Chinese thinks in order to _. It is contemplation. C A. do; die; live B. spectacle; meddle; contempt C. understand; think; self-cultivate D. think; self-cultivate; understand 9. “Your body doesnt know how to lie” indicates_B A. something is wrong with your body and you can only stand. B. body language is important. C. body contact is dangerous. D. we cant separate mind from body. 10. Generally speaking, in the US, people make friends by sharing _, while in China, people make friends by sharing _.B A. personal relationship; activities B. activities; personal relationship C. love; blood D. blood; love 11. In terms of physical contact, the high contact countries are _, while the low contact countries are _.C A. the US, Britain, most Northern European countries; Arab world, Mediterranean countries, Indonesia B. the US, Britain, Japan; East European countries, Russia, Middle East C. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, Indonesia; the US, Britain, most Northern European countries D. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, China; the US, Britain, most Northern European countries 12. Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality of communication, the high-contextual people are _, while the low-contextual countries are _A A. Latin Americans, Chinese, Japanese; the Americans, German, Swiss B. the Americans, German, Swiss; Latin Americans, Chinese, Japanese C. Native Americans, Chinese, Koreans; the Americans, Japanese, British D. the Americans, Japanese, British; Native Americans, Chinese, Koreans 13. Each person has a “bubble” of space (territory). Studies show that people from _, _, _have a smaller personal territory than do people from _, _, _.A A. South America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries; North America, Britain, Germany B. North America, Britain, Germany; South America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries C. South America, Britain, Germany; North America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries. D. North America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries; South America, Britain, Germany 14. In _ culture, the nuclear family is much more important to the individual than the extended family, while in _, _, _, _ culture, the extended family is very important. C A. Hispanic; American, Asian, Arabian, African B. Arabian; American, Asian, African, Hispanic C. American; Asian, African, Arabian, Hispanic D. African; American, Asian, Arabian, Hispanic15. In nuclear-family culture, people rely mainly on _, _, _for help, while in extended-family culture, people rely mainly on _for help. C A. families, friends, professionals; families B. families, friends, professionals; institutions C. friends, professionals, institutions; families D. friends, families, institutions; professionals16. In nuclear-family culture, _ usually comes first, while in extended-family culture, _ usually comes first. B A. family; individual B. individual; family C. husband; wife D. wife; husband17.When it comes to friendship, an American friend would feel that they had _ if the friend gave up a real need to study to go shopping. Ones duties and obligations toward friends, even best friends are understood to _; one does not expect friends to assume burdensome, _ responsibilities toward oneself. A close friend in the US is a person that one feels free to ask for help, recognizing, however, that the friend may _, if they give you a reason. This is maybe that in the West, people prefer to be _, so they do not feel comfortable in a relationship in which one person is _ more and the other is dependent on what is being given. For Westerners friendship is mostly a matter of providing _ support and _. B A. depended too much; limitless; small; say “OK”; dependent; receiving; material; get separate B. imposed too much; have limits; long-term; say “No”; independent; giving; emotional; spend time together. C. imposed too little; have limits; short-term; say “Yes”; free; earning; financial; get involved D. depended a little; limitless; big; say “Sorry”; independent; giving; spiritual; get together.18. In China, the duties and obligations of friendships seem virtually _ for all practical purposes. Chinese friends give each other much _ _help and assistance than Western friends do. For example, they give each other _ and might help each other _for a _period of time. A friend in China is someone who, sensing that you are in need in some way, offers to assist you _.C A. impossible; more spiritual; things; practically; short; when being asked B. enormous; less spiritual; money; financially; long; unwillingly C. unlimited; more concrete; money; financially; long; without waiting to be asked D. limited; more concrete; things; materially; certain; if required19. In times of trouble, both American and Chinese friends give each other emotional support, but they do it differently. A Chinese friend is more likely to be _ to give _ advice to a friend, while an American friend will be _ to give _ advice, instead she may raise questions to encourage her friend to consider carefully what may happen if she does one thing instead of another. C A. cautious; detailed; ready; specific B. ready; ambiguous; cautious; guideline C. ready; specific; cautious; direct D. unwilling; direct; ready; specific20. When it comes to the relationship between parents and married sons, in China, a mans relationship with his parents is _ than that with his wife. Thus in the event of any quarrel between his wife and his mother, a man should _. At most he might hope to _, and this was regarded as _. In America, a mans relationship with his parents is _ than that with his wife. He would be expected to _. He might even be counseled to _ the vicinity of his parents home to ease the conflict. D A. more important; side with his mother; side with his father; honorable; more important; side with no one; move into B. less important; side with no one; say something; honorable; less important; side with his father; get away fromC. less important; side with his wife; remain silent; dishonorable; more important; side with his wife; move intoD. more important; side with his mother; remain neutral; dishonorable; less important; side with his wife; move away. True or false: 1. Generally speaking, China is an equal society, America is a hierarchy society. ( F )2. Generally speaking, in Chinese society, the power distance is small, while in America, the power distance is large. ( F )3. Both the Asian and Western countries have the concept of “face”, and “face” has the same social significance for these countries in that ones face is also the face of ones group.( F )4. The dividing worldview relies strongly on “facts” as opposed to “opinions”. ( T )5. A very rough generalization is that thinking for the Greek is to look upward, for the Hindu is to look inward, for the Confucians is to look outward. (F )6. Values are explicitly stored in our mind. We are always aware of them, and we make judgments according to them. (F )7. Values are separate from each other. Each one work alone. ( F )8. Values can be compared on a continuum rather than one of only two possible choices. People everywhere possess the same values to different degrees, and the importance of that common value, how it gets acted out, is a matter of degree. ( T)9. “Lover” and “爱人”have the same meaning. ( F )10. In both China and Western countries, it is very common and usual for adults to fondle other peoples babies and very small children to show their affection and friendliness. ( F ).Translation:1. Translate the following English into Chinese:1) Nature and Man are blended into one harmonious identity. 天人合一2) Nature affects human affairs and human behavior finds response in Nature. 天人感应3) Nature accords with human wishes. 天从人愿4) Your character will be tinted “red”(good) if you are in the company of “redness”, but “black”(bad) if you are in close contact with ink. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑 5) God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者6) Look before you leap. 三思而后行7) A single arrow is easily broken, but not a bunch. 轻霜冻死单根草，狂风难毁万木林He who stirs anothers porridge often burns his own. 狗拿耗子，多管闲事8)2. Translate the following Chinese into English:1) 容忍tolerance of others2) 中庸之道moderation, following the middle way3) 修养self-cultivation 4) 不重竞争non-competitiveness5) 信用trust-worthiness6) 贞节chastity in women7) 寡欲having few desires 服从、孝敬、尊崇、赡养父母filial piety8). Tell the meaning of the following gestures in different countries:Gesture 1 Gesture 2 Gesture 3 1. In the US, England, Sweden it is used together with the verbal message “Lets keep our fingers crossed” to mean that _ the person is hoping for good luck_. In Greece and Turkey it means the breaking of a friendship _. In parts of Italy it means _ OK _.2. In the US it means Great, perfect, acceptable, OK_. In Belgium and France, it means _ zero_. In Brazil, Turkey, Greece and Malta it has _ an obscene _ meaning. In Japan it means _ money _. In Tunisia, it is used _ as threat _. 3. It means _ Slow down”, “relax” or “wait a second _.Test Paper 2下列各题请参阅了所指定的课本内容后，用中文回答，可翻译课本的内容作为答案。. Answer the following questions1. What are the implications of the individualism in the West and the collectivism in the East? (P66-68)2. Offer your interpretations with examples about the Chinese and the Western modes of thinking. （P93-97）. Case analysis:1. Study the following Chinese poem and English statements and see what messages you can draw from it that are relevant to intercultural communication study. (P28-29)1) 横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同，不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中。2) You will not know your own culture well until you communicate with another,3) If we do not recognize our humanity in others, we will not recognize it in ourselves.2. Read the quotation from Abraham Lincoln and work out what value he expressed. Explain this value.(P59-60) We do wish to allow the humblest man an equal chance to get rich with everyone else. When one starts poor, as most do in the race of life, free society is such that he knows he can better his condition; he knows that there is no fixed condition of labor for his whole life.3. Study the case and then try to answer the questions that follow. (P86-92) Wu had just started working for a Swedish company that had extensive business commitments in China. A large part of his work concerned advising his expatriate colleagues on Chinese business practices. This involved both writing reports and recommendations and addressing meetings. As he was very anxious to succeed, Wu always researched his topics thoroughly and tried to make his presentations as clear as possible. However, he gradually became aware that something was wrong. It often seemed that nobody listened to him and his advice was ignored. When he spoke at meetings, he felt that people were impatient and uninterested in what he had to say. He got more and more unhappy and began to feel that his colleagues were not interested in his opinions because he was Chinese. This, he thought, was racism. The company had a policy of annual review, which meant that every staff member met with the managing director once a year to discuss his or her progress. When the time came for Wus review, he managing director gave him a copy of the companys assessment of his performance. The assessment praised his hard work, but made the following, very serious criticisms: When speaking at meetings, arguments are often unfocused and speeches lack clear direction. Written reports contain too much irrelevant material. In both speaking and writing, material is poorly organized, with important recommendations often appearing only at the end of the report. Often appears uncertain about the points he wants to make. Wu was shocked by these criticisms. He could not understand why they had been made and he was not sure what to do about them. Questions: 1) Why do you think the company criticized Wu in this way?2) Do you think he is correct to conclude that the problem is racism?3) What cultural expectations about presenting information orally and in writing may account for the negative evaluation of Wus work?4) Give advice to Wu on dealing with each of the specific criticisms the managing director made.4. In the 1990s, the return of Hong Kong to China was a heated topic in many media. But the Chinese term 香港回归has two versions in English. The term which was used in English newspapers published in China was “return”, while in the West the chosen term was “revert”. For example:1) The report was divided into several partsensuring the smooth return of Hong Kong and promoting the reunification of the motherland. (Beijing Review. Mar. 17-23. 1997. p. 7)2) He will officially take office on July 1, 1997, the day Hong Kong reverts to China. (Times. Dec. 23, 1996. p.47)Please use the theory of a words denotation and connotation to account for the difference in the choice of words. (P79-80)