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第2讲情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气在高考的语法填空和短文改错中鲜有考查，但在写作中却经常使用，恰当运用此语法能够成为得分的亮点，因此在二轮备考中考生对此语法也应做到足够重视。考点感悟语法填空语法填空中对虚拟语气和情态动词的考查并不难，主要是一些常见的基本用法。感1.(2018天津高考)I cant find my purse. I _ have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.答案：might/could此处表示对过去情况“有可能”的推测。2.(2018江苏高考)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ (have) a second chance to become more involved.答案：had根据语意语境可知wish在此表达现在的一个愿望，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词要用过去式。3.(2017北京高考)If the new safety system _ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.答案：had been put根据语意及句中的would never have happened可知，if从句表示对过去情况的假设，故应用过去完成时。且主语system与put之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。悟1.wish后接虚拟句如果表示对现在的虚拟，从句用一般过去时。如果表示对过去的虚拟从句，用过去完成时。2.虚拟语气的基本用法对现在的虚拟if从句中动词用过去式，主句用might/could/should/would动词原形；对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/should/could/mighthave done。短文改错短文改错中对虚拟语气和情态动词的考查并不多见，涉及时也是以基本用法为主。感1.(2016全国卷)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip._答案：chosechoose情态动词后应跟动词原形。2.(2016全国卷)I should available any time after school next week._答案：should后加be句子缺少系动词且在should后应用be。3.(2019东北三校联盟)Most citizens in Hong Kong strongly insisted that those who attacked the police with violence were put into prison._答案：werebeinsist作“坚持要求”讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语动词用(should)动词原形，此处those与put之间为被动关系，故改为be put。4.(2015四川高考)If you are me, would you talk to them？_答案：arewere根据语意可知此处应用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，be动词应用were。悟1.虚拟语气中be动词的选用表示对现在的虚拟，be动词一般用were。2.insist “坚决要求”，suggest “建议”等后面接虚拟从句，谓语应为should do形式，should可省。考点素能一 情态动词1.情态动词的基本用法情态动词不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的实义动词或be动词一起构成谓语。(1)can/could的用法：表示能力，意为“能，会”。表示客观或理论上的可能性。表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。(2)may/might的用法：表示请求和许可。在疑问句中might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。(3)must的用法：表示“必须”，语气强烈。表示推测，意为“一定”，用于肯定句。意为“偏要，非要不可”。(4)shall的用法：用于第一人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见。用于各种人称陈述句中，表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等；或用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。(5)should/ought to的用法：should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然”。should和ought to表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。2.“情态动词 have done”的用法该结构主要用来表述过去的情况，包括对过去的推测、遗憾、责备等。(1)must have done “一定做过了某事”，表示对过去事情有把握的推测。(2)could have done “本能做某事(而实际上未做)”，cant/couldnt have done “(过去)不可能做过某事”。(3)may/might have done “(过去)有可能做过某事”。(4)should/ought to have done “本该做某事而没做”。(5)neednt have done “本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。二 虚拟语气1.虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的应用2.虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用(1)wish后面的宾语从句，表示一种不可能实现的愿望：表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式。表示与过去事实相反，从句用haddone。表示与将来事实相反，从句用would/could/should/might动词原形。(2)would rather后面的宾语从句：表示与现在或将来事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去式。表示与过去事实相反时，从句用haddone。(3)表示主张、命令、建议、要求等词后的宾语从句和同位语从句常用“should动词原形”结构，should可省略。(4)定语从句：Its (high/about) time (that) . 句型中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should动词原形(其中should不可省略)，意为“确实到了的时候了”。(5)as if引导的状语从句中：表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式。表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用haddone。表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/could/might动词原形。过关检测(限时：30分钟).单句语法填空1.It is required by law that a driving test _ (take) before a man gets a license.答案：(should) be taken2.I couldnt_ (go) through the hard times but for my teachers generous and timely help.答案：have gone3.I was ill that day, otherwise I would _ (take) part in the sports meet.答案：have taken4.The nationwide smog serves as a constant reminder, indicating that its high time we _ (reflect) on ourselves.答案：reflected/should reflect5.It has been accepted that all the students _ put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.答案：shall6.John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he _ (come) tomorrow instead of today.答案：came7.Dont you think it is necessary that he _ (not send) to the Bulls but to the Keats？I agree, but the problem is that he refuses to.答案：(should) not be sent8.I promise Shirley _ get a new iPad on her birthday.Will it be a big surprise to her？答案：shall9.I dont think you _ give up the opportunity to go to university which you have been dreaming about.答案：should10._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.答案：Should.单句改错1.If I havent seen it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it._答案：haventhadnt2.We would rather our daughter stay at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer._答案：staystayed3.We would as well stay where we are, because the outside is unsafe._答案：wouldmight/may4.You need have studied that late last night. It was harmful to your health._答案：need后面加not5.Had it not been for my teachers help, I wont have won the first place in the contest._答案：wontwouldnt6.No driving after drinking is a rule that every driver will obey in our country._答案：willshall7.Have I followed your advice, I wouldnt be in such an embarrassing situation now._答案：HaveHad8.Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad. You must have made full preparations._答案：mustshould9.Although you must find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop._答案：mustcan10.Should I have a word with you? It wont take long._答案：ShouldCan/May.语法填空A recent study shows that most adults did household chores _1_ (active) when they were young. Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before, _2_ same study shows.An expert said, “Parents today want their kids to spend more time _3_ things that can bring them money and honour. They have stopped _4_ (do) the one thing that has proven to bring success. That is doing household chores.”Another study finds that compared with the kids _5_ didnt do household chores, young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely _6_ (succeed). They had better family relationships, did better in school, performed better at work and were more independent.Personal happiness _7_ (say) to come from strong relationships. It begins by learning to be kind and _8_ (help) to their parents at home.If your kids say they have to skip chores because its time they _9_ (deal) with their homework, youd better not let them off the hook. If you do, your child may think grades are more important than caring about others. “What may seem like small _10_ (message) at the moment add up to big ones over time，” says an expert.1._2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，现在的大部分成年人小时候都做过家务，而现在的大部分孩子都不像以前的孩子那样做很多家务了。1.actively考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，故要用副词形式actively。2.the考查冠词。此处的“study”就是上文提到的那个“study”，故用定冠词the表示特指。3.on考查固定搭配。根据固定搭配spend sth. on sth.可知，此处填介词on。4.doing考查固定用法。根据语境可知，这里说的是“停止做某事”，而不是“停下来去做某事”，故用stop doing sth.。5.who/that考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为kids，关系代词在从句中作主语，因此本空填who或that。6.to succeed考查非谓语动词。此处是be likely to do sth.句型，故填不定式。7.is said考查动词的时态和语态。本句含有“be said动词不定式”结构，且这里说的是现在的一般情况，主语为“Personal happiness”，因此填is said。8.helpful考查词性转换。本空应填形容词helpful与kind并列作表语。9.dealt/should deal考查虚拟语气。Its time (that) .句型中，that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用过去式或“shoulddo”，其中should不可以省略。10.messages考查名词。message是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故要用其复数形式。.短文改错Smog has covered large areas of Beijing recently, which has had much influence to our life. Its not convenience for us to go out due to the heavy smog. In order to take in less than poisonous air, whichever we go outside, we have to wear masks. Facing such a seriously problem, we should take some immediate measure to solve it. As for our government, some laws should be passed to ban factories from giving off poisonous waste. At same time, we are supposed not to drive to work but to ride our bicycles. Now I call on all people to take action against smog and protected our world from be polluted. Only in this way should we live in harmony with nature.答案：Smog has covered large areas of Beijing recently, which has had much influence our life. Its not for us to go out due to the heavy smog. In order to take in less poisonous air, we go outside, we have to wear masks. Facing such a problem, we should take some immediate to solve it. As for our government, some laws should be passed to ban factories from giving off poisonous waste. At same time, we are supposed not to drive to work but to ride our bicycles. Now I call on all people to take action against smog and our world from polluted. Only in this way we live in harmony with nature.- 9 -
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