2019版高考英语二轮复习 第1板块 专题2 阅读七选五 第2节 三种题型解读学案（含解析）

第2节 三种题型解读题型一设空在段首考查要点1.小标题或段落主题句：如章首或段首设空，一般考查文章或段落主题。2注释小标题：如在小标题之后接着设空，一般是对小标题加以注释。3段落间的过渡句：如首段之后的段首设空，一般是考查承上启下的过渡语句。1.小标题、副标题典例(2018全国卷) 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you，so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.BYour quality of sleep improves.思路分析考查小标题。空后的句子说，研究表明早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好，B项“你的睡眠质量提高了。”是对后面内容的概括，故选B项。2主题句、主要观点典例(2018全国卷) 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning，you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.AYou will stick to your diet.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.思路分析考查主题句。空后的句子说，如果你在早晨锻炼身体，你将更有可能在这一天里坚持健康的食物选择。A项“你将坚持你的饮食。”是主题句，起到统领下文的作用，故选A项。易错提醒有些考生会根据空格后的healthy food和junk food而误选C项。需注意这里介绍的是晨练的好处而非饮食。3段落过渡语句典例(2017全国卷)I was，nevertheless，talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness.38.This time there was no tent. Instead，we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.39 We have done a lot of it since.Recently，we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set.There is a separate bedroom，a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.BThings are going to be improved.FAfter the trip，my family became quite interested in camping.思路分析考查段落间的过渡句。根据空格后的代词we可判断所填句子中应含有复数名词，结合空格后面一句“从那以后我们进行了很多次野营”可判断应选F项“这次野营后，我的家人都对野营相当感兴趣了”。易错提醒有些考生会根据空格后的内容认为情况有所改善而误选B项，需注意，B项与前后句子的整体时态并不一致。(2018陕西省西安市质检)Americans use many expressions with the word “dog”People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. 1 However，if a person lives an unhappy life，they say that person leads a dogs life.Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. 2 They say that to be successful，a person has to work like a dog.This means they have to work very hard.This can make people dog-tired.And，the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog. 3 This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life.To be successful，people often have to learn new skills.Yet，some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things. 4 People who are unkind can be described as a junkyard dog.Junkyard dogs live in waste yards.They bark or attack people who try to approach their property.Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather.The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year.A rainstorm may cool the weather. 5 We do not want it to rain cats and dogs.AStill，people say every dog has its day.BBut we do not want it to rain too hard.CSome people are compared to dogs in bad ways.DDogs are their best friends and they are loyal to people.EThere are many other expressions waiting for you to explore.F. That means many people are competing for the same things.GThey take their dogs for walks，and give them good food and medical care.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国人使用许多关于“狗”这个词的表达及其具体例子。1G空白前说美国人爱狗，善待它们，而G项说他们带着狗散步，给它们良好的食物和医疗照顾，是对上文的具体描述，符合逻辑，故选G。2F空白前说有些人认为我们生活在一个自相残杀的世界，而F项说这意味着许多人在竞争同样的东西，前后语义衔接，其中a dog-eat-dog world与competing for相呼应，故选F。3A空白后说这意味着每个人在各自的生活中都有一段成功的时期，而A项说尽管如此，人们还是认为人人皆有得意时，是对下文的概括，其中a successful period与every dog has its day相呼应，故选A。4C空白后说不友好的人可以被描述成一个垃圾狗，而C项说有些人在有些不好的方面被比作狗，前后逻辑一致，其中空白后是对此处的具体描述，且a junkyard dog为提示词，故选C。5B空白前说暴风雨可能使天气凉爽，而B项说但是我们不希望雨下得太大。前后形成转折，且rain too hard与rain cats and dogs相呼应，故选B。题型二设空在段中考查要点1.段落主题句：有时段落首句只是引语，接下来的语句才是段落主题句。2解释、引申、例证类语句：对前面的论点或观点加以解释、引申或例证。3建议性语句：作者提出的解决问题的方法、措施或步骤。4句子间的过渡语句：为使上下文语意承接、转换自然，作者加入的过渡语句。1.段落主题句典例(2017全国卷)The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent，cooked over an open fire，and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work，recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.思路分析考查段落主题句。根据后文的描述“我们睡帐篷，在篝火上做饭，走很长的路去洗澡和上厕所”可知，这次野营比较艰难，这与C项中的rough相对应，故选C项，对下文内容进行概括。2解释、引申、例证典例(2016全国卷)Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 36 But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying，storing，and cooking fish isnt difficult.37.It just requires a little knowledge.This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.GThe fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.思路分析考查例证类语句。空白前说“人人都知道吃鱼有益健康”，那么空白后就应该给出例证，证明吃鱼有好处。由此可知G项“人们认为鱼的脂肪有助于预防心脏病”符合题意，故选G项。3方法、措施、步骤典例(2016全国卷)Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad，but thats not whats important.19.Its our experience of the garden that matters how being in those gardens made us feel.If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 20 .Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.Have fun.GFor each of those gardens，write down the strongest memory you have思路分析考查建议类语句。空白前说“如果想与花园建立强有力的联系，可以花一些时间回忆你小时候见过的花园”，空白后的句子应介绍怎样进行回忆，G项“为每一个那样的花园写下你最深刻的回忆”就是加强与花园联系的方法，故选G项。空白后面以Then开头的句子与之并列，也是方法，更加印证了答案。4句间过渡语句典例(2018全国卷)If you are already making the time to exercise，it is good indeed! With such busy lives，it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly，or youre doing it now，then listen up!思路分析考查句间过渡语句。空白前说太忙了没有时间锻炼，而空白后列举了晨练的好处，那么空白处应是一个承上启下的过渡语句，G项“如果你计划定期锻炼或者现在就做，那就仔细听”符合题意，故选G项。(2018济南市模拟)Smartphones store a lot of personal data. These devices know our names，the names of our friends，our addresses and where we are right now. 1 A weather app needs to know where a person is to report the local forecast，for example.Many smartphone apps dont cost anything to download and use.But dont be fooled. Theres still a price. 2 Those same apps may often send data on to advertisers as well.Those advertisers will pay well to know how people behave and live.Once your data leave a device，you cant get them back. And that data theft may not be harmless. Moreover，those data may tell when someone leaves home and when he gets back. 3 Social media sites often have access to a users images and posts.Recently a new online tool has been developed to track the misuse of private data. 4 It tells people when their apps are sending data，which can help spot the misuse. SPEProxy identifies the misuse of data using an approach that has already been used to diagnose illnesses.In the clinical field，a kind of medical software is used to collect data from a patient. Then it compares them to those symptoms of many possible illnesses to make a diagnosis.Right now，people can only track data with the new tool by going to a website. 5 Its also a bit awkward to use.People may not want to go to the trouble of getting online to track their data. A more convenient version that people could install on their phones is in urgent need.AIt is called SPEProxy.BThat means its limited.C. It is more than convenient to use in computers.DYour privacy is whats paying for it.ESome apps use those data to do their job.FSome apps may charge you much money to operate.GThey can show how and where people spend their days.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了人们使用智能手机时的个人信息安全问题。1E根据空白后的“A weather app needs to know where a person is to report the local forecast，for example”可知，空白后举了一个例子：一款天气应用软件需要知道一个人的位置来报告当地的天气预报。因此空白处应说明手机应用软件需要一些数据来工作，故选E项。2D根据空白前的“Theres still a price”可知，使用手机应用软件是有代价的，D项“Your privacy is whats paying for it”(你的隐私就是为此付出的代价)符合文意，故选D项。3G根据空白前的“Moreover，those data may tell when someone leaves home and when he gets back”(这些数据能显示一个人何时离家、何时返回)及空白后的“Social media sites often have access to a users images and posts”(社交媒体网站经常访问用户的图片和帖子)可知，空白处应说明手机应用软件泄露个人隐私的情况，故G项“They can show how and where people spend their days”(它们能够显示人们度过这一天的方式和地点)符合文意，故选G项。4A空白前的“Recently a new online tool has been developed to track the misuse of private data”介绍了一款能够追踪私人数据被滥用的在线工具，A项“It is called SPEProxy”(它的名字是SPEProxy)承接上文，符合文意，故选A项。5B根据空白前的“Right now，people can only track data with the new tool by going to a website”可知，这款工具只能进入网站来追踪数据，因此它的使用还是有局限性的，故选B项。题型三设空在段末考查要点1.结论或概括性语句：如末段的段末设空，一般是对上文或全文总结概括，得出结论。2段落间的过渡句：如非末段的段末设空，一般是考查承上启下的过渡语句。3补充性语句：如末段的段末设空，可能是进一步补充前文内容，也可能是作者发出的倡议。1.结论性语句典例(2016四川高考)39.Women are also helped by their female genes. Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging，but they believe that they do.Some think that a womans body cells have a tendency (倾向)to age more slowly than a mans.Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. 40 ERecent research seems to support both of these possibilities.思路分析考查结论性语句。空白前谈了人们的两种想法，E项“最近的研究似乎对这两种观点中的这些可能性都予以支持”是对前文的总结，故选E项。2段落过渡语句典例(2017全国卷)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping，I would have laughed heartily.Campers，in my eyes，were people who enjoyed insect bites，ill-cooked meals，and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me. 36 The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.37.The trip they took me on was a rough one. We slept in a tent，cooked over an open fire，and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work，recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.DI was to learn a lot about camping since then，however.思路分析考查段落过渡语句。空白前一句说“他们与我没有共同之处”，空白后一段讲述了作者的一次野营，前后之间存在转折关系，所以此处需要填一个承上启下的过渡句，这与D项中的however相呼应。3补充性语句典例(2016北京高考)So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well，even 200,000 years ago，too much risk-taking could get one killed.A few daring survived，though，along with a few stay-in-the-cave types.As a result，humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it. 73 AIt all depends on your character.思路分析考查补充性语句。空白前的句子“所以，可能你热爱赛车，或许你讨厌它”可以为本段画上句号，但是加上A项的句子“这都取决于你的性格”会更清晰、明了，它是对前句的适当补充。(2018昆明市质检)Failing an exam can make someone feel really bad about themselves.A lot of people who fail an exam might think that failing an exam makes them a failure in life. 1 Dont make fun of them.Failing a test can be a seriously upset thing.And even if they seem okay about it，they might be hiding how they really feel.Dont make fun of them for failing. 2 Remind them that everyone fails at some point. 3 So tell them not everyone can succeed every time，even if they dont talk about it.Help them deal with their feelings about the failure by reminding them that everyone fails，and this one failure doesnt influence them. 4 Right after theyve failed an exam，its easy to feel like theyll never do anything well again.If you know someone who has failed the same test or exam，but then became successful，tell them about it! It can remind them that good things will happen again，too.Help them figure out new ways to study.Ask how long they studied，how often they took notes in class，and if they ever felt like they werent doing enough.Help them look up studying methods on websites，and select methods they havent tried before. 5 Using a new method can lead to different results.ATell them to stay the same.BOffer them positive examples.CIts necessary for them to know that.DOr dont compare their scores with yours.EShare some ways that you find successful.FIt doesnt mean that you are a failure in life.GBut there are lots of ways you can encourage and help them.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了鼓励和帮助考试失败者的方法。1G本句位于段落末尾，根据第二至五段首句的祈使句可以看出该空既要对第一段内容进行概括又要引出下文，讲述鼓励和帮助考试失败者的方法。所以选G项。2D根据该段主题句尤其是否定词Dont及空前一句中重复出现的Dont可知，此段主要讲不要嘲笑失败者，D项“Or dont compare their scores with yours”与前一句内容相连贯，符合语境。3C选项C中的that指代前一句中的“everyone fails at some point”，空后提出克服失败情绪的方法，C项与上下文内容连贯，所以选C项。4B空处位于段落主题句的位置，所以句子的形式应该类似其他自然段的段落首句，即祈使句，所以可以重点关注A、B和E三个选项。其次，根据该段下文内容可知，选项A和E与下文不连贯，所以排除；B项能较好地概括该段主题，所以选B项。5E根据该段的ways、methods及主题句可知，本段主要是讲帮助他们找到新的学习方法，E项“分享一些你认为成功的方法”符合语境，E项中的ways也是提示。8