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Section Grammar定语从句()1(教材P26)The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400，000.2(教材P26)Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.3(教材P26)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.4(教材P26)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.5The man whom/who/that I have to phone lives in Canada.定义1在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。关系代词的基本用法1who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。(作主语)Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语)2whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。The boy (who/whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。3whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.任何由于家境贫寒而上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(修饰人)He lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(修饰物)【即时演练1】关系代词填空The woman who/that is shaking hands with my sister is a doctor.Those who want to see the film set down your names, please.The girl who graduated from Cambridge University is called Amanda.I like those books whose topics are about history.The old man whom/who you spoke to is a famous doctor.4which指事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语)The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesnt work.他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)This is the house in which I once lived.这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语)5that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who，whom，指物多用which。This is the novel that interests me.这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost.我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。译昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。误The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very frightening.正The film (that/which) we saw last night is very frightening.【即时演练2】关系代词填空Look, here are some people who/whom/that I want you to meet.Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago?The picture which/that was about the accident was terrible.关系词只能用that而不用which的情况1当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做了。2先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。3先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine.我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。4当先行词既指人，又指物时。 We often talk about the persons and things that we remember. 我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。 【即时演练3】完成句子这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。This is the most beautiful park that I have visited她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。Chatting was the only thing that interested her most. 单句语法填空1Last weekend my roommates and I talked about the happy days that/which we had in college.2Jake used to be a brave boy that/whom/who his teachers always praised.3Anns parents allowed Ann to help John whose family was poor.4They have got a robot that/which can take care of the old and babies.5Lucy called her brother that/whom/who she hadnt spoken to for five years.6The firefighter rescued those who were trapped in the lift.7I visited the couple last week whose daughter is studying in the United States.8It is the most interesting story that I have ever read.9There are many things that/which I need to buy before the trip to France.10Martin didnt buy the new cellphone whose price was too high for him.11Do you like the film Titanic whose music is very beautiful?12Im not interested in the story that/which is about the trip to the moon.13One Hundred Years of Solitude is the most wonderful book that I have read so far.14When she came near, I found that she was one of my classmates that/whom/who I had not met since graduation.15Today there are lots of video games that/which eat up our time. 单句改错1Gary was a singleparent child his father left his mother before he was born.第一个hiswhose2The old woman sat in her house across the street and watched everything who went by all day long.whothat3The car which color is red belongs to Shirley.whichwhose4I have read the book who is written by J. K. Rowling.whothat/which5Do you like the toy whose your aunt gave you on your birthday？去掉whose或whosethat/which6The Little Prince is the very book which the old man is looking for.whichthat或去掉which7Mrs. Green is one of the women in our village who has become rich by growing vegetables.hashave8The beautiful French song that Im listening is sung by my favourite singer Alize.listening后加to9Our group is discussing Li Bai and his poems which we have already learned.whichthat或去掉which10Ill give you a book which youll find it interesting.去掉it 语法与写作请将下列句子升级为含定语从句的复合句。1We are going to interview the writer. His new novel has been well received by the public.We are going to interview the writer whose new novel has been well received by the public.2The washing machine is out of order. Mrs. Green bought the washing machine a month ago.The washing machine (that/which) Mrs. Green bought a month ago is out of order.3The police are looking for the little girl. The little girl got lost yesterday.The police are looking for the little girl that/who got lost yesterday.4The girl is making a speech under the national flag. The girl is our monitor.The girl who/that is making a speech under the national flag is our monitor.5They visited Peter yesterday. Peters leg was injured in a car accident.They visited Peter yesterday whose leg was injured in a car accident.6I value the cellphone. My aunt gave me the cellphone as my birthday gift last weekend.I value the cellphone (that/which) my aunt gave me as my birthday gift last weekend.7Susan is clever. Susans dream is to become a famous singer.Susan, whose dream is to become a famous singer, is clever.8Mary cant believe the news. Tony told her the news just now.Mary cant believe the news (that/which) Tony told her just now. 单句语法填空1I saw a man shouting at a driver whose car was blocking the street.2The girl still remembers the days that/which she spent with her friends in Beijing.3This dictionary is the second one that I bought in the bookstore.4They have talked about the things and persons that they remember for about two hours.5He often helps his little sister whose English is very poor.6I dont know the girl that/who speaks English fluently.7Lucy likes the woman writer whose books teach her a lot.8Johnson is the student whom/who/that his teachers are proud of.9I sat next to an old lady who/that looked very frightened, so I tried to calm her down.10Mr. Lin is singing a song that/which sounds like a kids song.11Peter is not interested in the topic that/which the girls are talking about in the classroom.12Mrs. Brown is the one whose words can change the way I look at something.13I wont do anything that harms me or my friends forever.14All the stories that Mrs. Yang wrote have something to do with teenagers.15Alice is one of the girls in our school who have won the prize three times. 阅读理解AOn Jan.11, a mother named Amy Calhoun had an extremely scaring experience before a neighbor came to help her. After drinking milk and a small amount of juice, her 7weekold son Oliver began to cry. His mother gently patted(拍打) his back. Then he vomited(呕吐). The vomit was stuck in Olivers nose. He couldnt breathe.Calhoun ran downstairs. She laid him on the hard floor and went outside and shouted for help. She tried CPR. She wasnt doing it right. She went outside and shouted again for help. She turned around. Oliver was blue. His eyes were closed. “He was gone，” she said. The next thing she knew was that a stranger was there. “I dont even remember seeing him come in，” she said. Marcus Brewer ran to the home. Calhoun was crying. He saw the lifeless baby. “She was just saying, My babys dead.” he said. “Thats all I remember her saying.”Brewer, a former volunteer firefighter, told her to calm down and tell him what had happened. He picked Oliver up. Olivers arms and legs hung loosely. Brewer turned him over and strongly patted his back. He sucked(吸) out the vomit and performed CPR. After a while, Brewer saw Olivers dark blue lips shake. And Calhoun heard Oliver cry. Oliver had been brought back to life just before the ambulance arrived. Calhoun and her baby were moved to Medical Center, where the doctors said he was perfectly healthy.Calhoun thought the incident could be a lesson, and encouraged everyone to learn CPR. “There might be one day when youll have to use it to save a loved one or a stranger，” she said. “If it werent for him, my son would not be here right now.” As Oliver gets older, she plans to tell him his story.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。一个7周大的婴儿因呕吐物卡在鼻中而停止呼吸，邻居赶来对其实施急救，从而使婴儿得救。1Why did Oliver stop breathing?AHe drank bad milk and juice.BSomething harmed his lung.CSomething was stuck in his nose.DHis mother wrongly patted him.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“The vomit was stuck in Olivers nose. He couldnt breathe.”可知，Oliver因呕吐物卡在鼻中而停止呼吸。2Calhoun didnt notice Brewer come into the home probably because _Ashe was calling 911Bshe was lost in great sadnessCshe was doing CPR downstairsDshe was shouting outside for helpB解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的描写以及“She was just saying, My babys dead，” he said. “Thats all I remember her saying.”可知，Calhoun当时惊慌失措，十分难过，无暇顾及屋里是否进来陌生人。3Whats the RIGHT order of Brewers firstaid steps?ATurn Oliver overpat the backsuck out the vomitperform CPR.BTurn Oliver overperform CPRsuck out the vomitpat the back.CPerform CPRturn Oliver overpat the backsuck out the vomit.DTurn Oliver oversuck out the vomitpat the backperform CPR.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段Brewer施救的顺序可知答案。4Whats the best title for the passage?ANever Ignore a Strangers HelpBA Neighbor Saved a Baby by CPRCHow to Perform CPR on BabiesDA Friend in Need Is a Friend IndeedB解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述陌生邻居如何通过CPR来救人的故事，故B项作标题最佳。BHaving lived in California until 1970, my family has felt a number of earthquakes. We have been fortunate, however, to have suffered no bodily harm or property damage.There is a website that lists all California earthquakes recorded from 1769 to the present. The site lists the dates and times as well as the magnitude(震级) and the exact location of any quake that measured more than 6.0. There are only a few quakes that stand out in my memory and, luckily, none is shown in the website. So, my personal experiences with earthquakes might be considered insignificant.There are three earthquakes that are difficult to forget. The first one was in 1955 and our oldest daughter was walking with me in our backyard in Redwood City in California. As the shaking became stronger I held her to me with one arm as I held on to one of our fruit trees with the other. All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes which to us felt like hours.The second one was in 1963. Our entire family was visiting Disneyland in Southern California. The earth started to shake just as we were beginning to walk from our hotel toward the famous landmarkMy third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California. It was in my sixties and I was alone in an old church. As the building started to shake, I quickly headed for the door to go outside. I remember I said a little prayersomething like, “Help me get out of here in time, Dear Heavenly Father.” Minutes later, I was safe outside.【解题导语】作者回忆了自己经历的三次地震。5The author writes the passage mainly to tell us about _Aa new film about an earthquakeBhow to survive an earthquakeChis three earthquake experiencesDhow to save children in an earthquakeC解析：写作意图题。作者主要向读者介绍了自己经历的三次地震。6The earthquakes the author has experienced _Aall caused bodily harmBare all recorded in a websiteCall measured more than 6.0Dall happened in CaliforniaD解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“The first one was in 1955.in California.”和第四段第二句以及第五段的“My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California.”可知答案。7When the first earthquake happened, the author _Awas staying with his daughterBwas planting fruit treesCheld on to a tree for hoursDwas in a hotelA解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句及最后一句的“All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes”可知第一次地震发生时， 作者和他的女儿正待在一起。8What does the underlined part “the famous landmark” refer to?AA church.BDisneyland.CA building destroyed by an earthquake.DThe place where the author was born.B解析：推理判断题。根据上文“Our entire family was visiting Disneyland”可知答案。 语法填空Mountain climbing is a sport different from rock climbing. Mountain climbing equipment therefore differs 1._ rock climbing equipment sometimes, 2._ the two sports do have many pieces of equipment in common.Perhaps 3._ most common piece of mountain climbing equipment is the carabiner, 4._ is a metal hook(挂钩) with a gate that opens and closes to make a rope through it. This piece of equipment is used for a variety of purposes, and most 5._ (climber) have several carabiners on hand during a climb.Mountain climbers also 6._(usual) use a tool called an ice axe(冰镐). This tool is used for different purposes according to 7._(it) design: some ice axes are designed for climbing pieces of ice, and they are used together with another piece of mountain climbing equipment 8._(know) as crampons. Crampons have sharp metal teeth that 9._ (connect) with the climbers shoes. The ice axes used for climbing often feature a bend in the handle, and people often choose the ice axe that 10._(be) narrow and strong enough to be plunged(穿入) into hard ice repeatedly. The teeth of the crampon are also narrow and quite hard for the same purposes.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了几种登山工具。1from解析：考查介词。differ from sth.与不一样。2though/although解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，登山是一种与攀岩不同的运动。尽管这两项运动的很多装备一样，但还是有些装备不一样。故填though/although。3the解析：考查冠词。因为此空后面是形容词的最高级，故用定冠词the。4which解析：考查关系代词。因为此处是一个非限制性定语从句，且先行词为carabiner，指物，故用关系代词which。5climbers解析：考查名词的数。因为前面是most修饰，且climber是可数名词，故填climbers。6usually解析：考查副词。此处是用来修饰动词use，故用其副词形式，故填usually。7its解析：考查代词。此处it指代前面的This tool，又因为修饰的是名词，故用形容词性物主代词，故填its。8known解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是作后置定语，且equipment与know构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。9are connected解析：考查动词的语态。因为sharp metal teeth与connect构成动宾关系，故填are connected。10is解析：考查主谓一致。因为主语that指代the ice axe，故谓语动词用单数，故填is。 短文改错Our new English teacher, Miss Lish, come from Singapore. She is a beautiful lady with long hair. She becomes popular among student because she is humorous and kindly. Whenever we have trouble with our study or life, wed like to turn to him because she is always ready to helping others. All of us like her classes because she is knowledgeable but can make her classes lively. She can also make us study energetic. Although she is easy to get along, she is very strict about our study. We all like her and believe we can make a greater progress with her teach us English.答案：Our new English teacher, Miss Lish, from Singapore. She is a beautiful lady with long hair. She becomes popular among because she is humorous and . Whenever we have trouble with our study or life, wed like to turn to because she is always ready to others. All of us like her classes because she is knowledgeable can make her classes lively. She can also make us study . Although she is easy to get along , she is very strict about our study. We all like her and believe we can make greater progress with her us English.- 11 -
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