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第8讲名词性从句1By boat is the only way to get here，which is we arrived.(2018江苏，21)Awhere BwhenCwhy Dhow答案D解析考查表语从句的引导词。句意为：坐船是到达这里的唯一方法，这就是我们如何(how)到达的。where表地点；when表时间；why表原因；how表方式。2Without his support，we wouldnt be we are now.(2018北京，11)Ahow BwhenCwhere Dwhy答案C解析考查表语从句的引导词。根据句意可知应该选C项，where引导表语从句。句意为：假如没有他的支持，我们就不会取得现在的成就。3This is my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.(2018北京，15)Ahow BwhichCthat Dwhat答案D解析考查表语从句的引导词。这是一个含有表语从句的复合句，所选答案在从句中作teach的直接宾语，因此应该选D项。how不能用作宾语；which引导表语从句时意为“哪个，哪些”，不合逻辑；that引导表语从句时在从句中不作成分。句意为：这就是父亲教我的总是直面困难，并且抱最大的希望。4The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018天津，9)Awhomever BwhereverCwhoever Dwhatever答案C解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：金牌将被授予在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。介词to后是宾语从句，从句中动词wins前缺主语，而且金牌给的是“人”，故用whoever引导宾语从句。whomever在从句中作宾语，故排除。5Every year， makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017北京，23)Awhatever BwhoeverCwhomever Dwhichever答案B解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。whoever无论谁，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyone who。whomever在句中只能作宾语，不合题意；whatever任何的事物；whichever无论哪个，无论哪些。6She asked me I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadnt.(2017天津，4)Awhen BwhereCwhether Dwhat答案C解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：她问我是否(whether)已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认还没还。when什么时候；where在哪里；what什么，均不符合语境。7It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江苏，21) Awhy Bwhat Cas Dthat答案D解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。本句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，故要用that引导。8The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016天津，11)Awhether Bthat Cwhich Dwhat 答案B解析考查同位语从句的引导词。句意为：经理提了个建议我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选B项。诊断报告考向对应题号我的薄弱环节1 what和that引导的名词性从句 3,72 同位语从句83 whether和if引导的名词性从句 64when，where，how，why引导的名词性从句1,25“疑问词ever”引导的名词性从句4,5解题方法两步定引导词1确定是四种名词性从句中的哪一种(根据从句在整个句子中的作用确定)2划分从句的句子成分，理解句意，选择正确的连接词。(1)当名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时，使用连接代词。(2)当名词性从句中主干齐全，根据句意判断出缺少状语时，使用连接副词。(3)当名词性从句主干齐全，又不缺少状语时，使用从属连接词引导。考点1what和that引导的名词性从句1We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to 20，half of it used to charge.(2017江苏，26)Athat BwhichCwhat Dhow答案C解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是它以前要价的一半。从句意看，本句的half of部分在句中作 20的同位语，由此可知这里要用what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，同时what在宾语从句中又作charge的宾语，因此选C。2The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.(2016北京，29)Awhat Bthat Cwhether Dwhy答案B解析考查表语从句的引导词。句意为：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全不受灰尘的袭扰。分析句子结构可知，is后的表语从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故选B。考点归纳1what引导名词性从句的五种用法：(1)表示“的东西或事情”： Theyve done what they can to help her.他们已经尽力帮助了她。(2)表示“的人或样子”： He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的那个样子了。 (3)表示“的数量或数目”： The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。 (4)表示“时间”： The young girl was too frightened to speak，standing there for what seemed like hours.小女孩吓得不敢说话，大概在那儿站了几个小时。 (5)表示“的地方”： In 1492，Columbus reached what is now called America.1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。 2what 与that引导名词性从句时的区别：两者均可引导主语、表语、宾语、同位语从句。what 可在从句中用作主语、宾语或表语，意为“什么”或“所的”，而 that 仅起连接作用，本身没有实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分(引导宾语从句时通常可以省略，如果有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句，第一个从句的引导词that可以省略，其余的不能省略)。(1)He doesnt know what she likes.他不知道她喜欢什么。(2)I believe (that) he will come to see us.我相信他会来看我们的。考点2同位语从句After investigation，the police found out one clue voices were heard calling for help from some very distant place that day.Awhere BwhenCthat Dwhose 答案C 解析句意为：在调查之后，警察发现了一条线索，那天有人听到远处某个地方传来了呼救声。设空处引导同位语从句，从句意义、结构完整，应用that引导，补充说明one clue的具体内容。考点归纳判断是同位语从句还是定语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则是定语从句。(1)The notice that the meeting had to be put off was true.(同位语从句) 会议不得不推迟的通知是真的。The notice was that the meeting had to be put off.(2)The notice that he read just now was true.(定语从句)他刚才读的那则通知是真的。考点3whether和if引导的名词性从句 It is still under discussion the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.Awhether BwhenCwhich Dwhere答案A解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。由or not可知此处应用连接词whether。whether.or not意为“是否”。考点归纳whether和if在动词后的宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if：(1)从句作介词的宾语时；(2)与or或or not连用时；(3)引导主语从句、且位于句首时；(4)引导表语从句和同位语从句时。(1)I didnt know whether/if he would attend the concert.我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。(动词后的宾语从句，可用if代替whether)(2)Im interested in whether youve finished the work.我对你是否完成了这项工作感兴趣。(介词后的宾语从句中，不可以用if代替whether)(3)It remains to be seen whether this plan is practical enough to keep the project going.这个计划是否足够实用，以使这个项目继续下去还有待观察。(主语从句，不可用if代替whether)(4)The question is whether it is worth trying.问题是它值不值得一试。(表语从句，不可用if代替whether)(5)The question whether the work was worth doing has not been decided.这项工作是否值得做的问题还有待定论。(同位语从句，不可用if代替whether)考点4when，where，how，why引导的名词性从句1Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing she was heading.(2017北京，26)Awhy BwhereChow Dwhen答案B解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，并不知道要去哪里(where)。why为什么；how怎样；when什么时候。2 we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015北京，35)AWhere BHowCWhy DWhen答案B解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。 分析句子结构可知“ we understand things”为主语从句，结合句意可知选B。3 Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some wont accept it.(2015江苏，25)AThat BWhyCWhere DHow答案C解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：李白，一个伟大的中国诗人，其出生地是众所周知的，但也有一些人不接受它。“Where Li Bai.was born”作该句子的主语，表示“李白出生的地方”。考点归纳1who，why，how，where，when等在从句中既作特定的成分，又有具体的含义，不能省略。大多数连接副词表示疑问意义，引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。2能接以上词引导宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有see，tell，ask，answer，know，decide，imagine，suggest，doubt，wonder，show，discuss，understand，inform，advise等。3以上词可引导介词的宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。(1)Who will be chosen as the best singer has not been decided.谁将被选为最佳歌手还没有决定。(2)It never occurred to me how tough it was to begin a new life in a strange city.我从来也没有想过在一个陌生的城市开始新生活是多么困难。(3)I dont know why it was that our headmaster was absent from such an important meeting.我不知道到底为什么我们的校长缺席如此重要的会议。(4)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“Thats where I was born.” 奶奶指着那个医院说：“那就是我出生的地方。”考点5“疑问词-ever”引导的名词性从句1Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.(2016北京，24)AHowever BWhoeverCWhatever DWherever答案C解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，无论你们做什么都会有帮助。从句动词do需要宾语，且引导主语从句，故用whatever，表示“无论什么”。2Some people believe has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.(2014北京，33)Awhatever BwheneverCwherever Dhowever答案A解析考查宾语从句的引导词。believe后是宾语从句且从句中缺少主语，四个选项中只有whatever可以作主语。考点归纳whichever，whatever，whoever引导名词性从句，它们本身有词义，既有连接从句的作用，又在从句中作特定的成分，起强调作用，意为“无论，不管”。(1)The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给获胜者奖励。(宾语从句)(2)Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps.任何想要实现远大目标的人，都必须一步一步地走。(主语从句)1I suspect Emily was lying when she described the incident，for I know her well.(2018南通、泰州一调，32)Awhether BthatCwhat Dhow答案B解析suspect为“怀疑，猜疑”，引导一个宾语从句，描述的是一件事，用that。I suspect that.我怀疑。根据句意“我怀疑艾米莉描述这个事件时在说谎”。故选that。2Now my hometown is not at all a traveler who visited it ten years ago can expect.Athat Bwhat Cwhich Dwhere答案B解析句意为：现在我的家乡不再是十年前来参观的游客所想象的那样了。通过分析句子可知，who visited it ten years ago为修饰a traveler的定语从句，what充当expect的宾语，引导整个句子what a traveler who visited it ten years ago can expect作is的表语。3You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of you think your real interests lie.(2018盐城中学段考，30)Athat Bwhat Cwhere Dhow答案C解析句意为：你应当首先开发你的天赋，了解自己，以便于列出一个你认为你真正的兴趣所在的地方的名单。此处为where引导的宾语从句，作为介词of的宾语，同时where在宾语从句中作地点状语。故选C。4The best student of the year shared his experience of he had managed to achieve excellence in his preparation for the College Entrance Examination.(2018南京高淳区、淮海中学、盐城中学、淳辉高中等97校联考，32)Aif BhowCwhat Dthat答案B解析if是否；how如何；what什么；that无实意。句意为：今年最优秀的学生分享了他在准备高考时如何做到优秀的经历。此处表示如何取得优秀的，故选B。5 says that school years are the best time of ones life is probably an adultone whos forgotten the hard work of being at school.(2018无锡高三上期中，35)AWhatever BWhicheverCWhomever DWhoever答案D解析句意为：任何说上学时期是一个人一生中最好的时光的可能是一个成年人一个已经忘了在学校艰苦学习的人。这里用whoever引导主语从句指代人。故选D。6Failure is part of life；its wrong for parents to protect their children from the knowledge they have failed.(2018丹阳中学等三校联考，30)Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dhow答案C解析句意为：失败是生活的一部分；父母保护孩子免遭他们已经失败的伤害是错误的。此处是that引导的同位语从句，说明knowledge的内容。故选C。7Since livestreaming platforms are much of our economys value is created，anything that improves them matters a lot for the new economys overall health.(2018镇江高三上期末，26)Awhen Bwhere Cwhat Dthat答案B解析平台是一个虚拟的地点，即在这个平台上可以。故选where。8A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not ships are built for.Awhat BthatCwhy Dhow答案A解析句意为：船停在港口里是很安全的，但是这不是造船的目的。这里是表语从句，表语从句中for缺少宾语，故用what连接表语从句。that连接表语从句的时候，不作成分；why为什么；how怎么。9The rent of our flat will see a 20% rise this year?Yes.Thats I have compromised with the flat owner.(2017南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，32)Awhat BwhereChow Dwhen答案B解析句意为：我们公寓的租金今年会涨20%？是的。那就是我对房东妥协的地方。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导一个表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，应用where作地点状语。故选B项。10The problem he will have his college education at home or abroad remains untouched.(2017南京三模，23)Ahow BwhetherCthat Dwhen答案B解析句意为：他将在国内还是国外读大学，这个问题仍未提及。分析句子结构可知，本句是同位语从句，用来解释说明problem。根据句意可知，B项符合语境。专题强化练(八).单项填空1Despite difficulties，we must bear in mind we set this goal，stick to it and move forward regardless.(2018扬州高三上期中，33)Athat BwhyCwhen Dwhere答案B解析句意为：尽管困难重重，但我们必须牢记，我们为什么要制定这个目标，坚持到底，不动摇地向前走。why在从句中作原因状语。根据题意，故选B。2World AIDS Day is also important in reminding us that HIV has not gone away，and there are many things still to be done.(2018常熟中学抽测，34)Awhich BwhatCthat D/答案C解析句意为：世界艾滋病日也提醒我们，艾滋病毒没有消失，还有许多事情要做。句中remind的间接宾语从句有两句，一句是艾滋病毒没有离我们而去，另一句就是还有很多事要做。and后的从句与前面一句that HIV has not gone away并列，从句成分及句意完整，且两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句中，第一个从句引导词that可以省略，其余的均不能省略，故此句同样用that引导。故选C。3He finds his daughter is quite different from she was five years ago.Awho BwhatChow Dwhich答案B解析句意为：他觉得女儿与五年前有很大不同。what引导的从句作介词from的宾语。what在从句中作she was的表语。在名词性从句中担当主、表和宾语用what，而不用that。who也可以作表语，但who是“谁”的意思。句意不是“与五年前她是谁有很大不同”而是“与五年前她是什么样有很大不同”，根据语法和句意，本题只能用what。4Shes is known as a nosy personshe is always dying to know whats going on in others lives.Awhat BwhoCwhich Dthat答案A解析句意为：她是一个爱打听闲事的人。what引导表语从句，同时在表语从句中作主语。故选A。5Push yourself to go beyond your comfort zone because thats life truly does begin.(2018镇江高三上期中，33)Awhat BwhereCwhich Dwhose答案B解析句意为：强迫自己走出你的舒适区，因为这才是生活真正开始的地方。引导表语从句，并在从句中作状语，指“的地方”。故选B。6The infrastructure of a country is makes everything run well，including things like transport，irrigation，electricity and schools.(2017苏锡常镇四市二模，22)Awhich BthatCwhere Dwhat答案D解析句意为：一个国家的基础设施是使得一切能正常运行的东西，包括交通、灌溉、电和学校之类的东西。is后是一个表语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，且没有范围限制，用what。故选D项。7Ive come to learn that the best time to debate with family members is they have food in their mouths.(2017南京、盐城一模，30)Ahow BthatCwhether Dwhen答案D解析句意为：我已经逐渐认识到与家人辩论的最佳时间是他们的嘴里有食物的时候。分析句子成分可知，系动词is后面是表语从句。从句中缺少状语，结合句意可知when符合题意。8Learning must bring joy，for we never forget we learn with pleasure.(2017苏州调研，26)Awhen BwhatChow Dwhere答案B解析句意为：学习一定要带来快乐，因为我们永远不会忘记我们乐意学的东西。分析句子成分可知，动词forget的后面为宾语从句，在宾语从句中，谓语动词learn的后面缺少宾语，结合句意可知what符合题意。9What do you think it is that has contributed to his huge success? he keeps focusing on what he is doing.(2017南通一模，34)ABecause BHowCWhether DThat答案D解析句意为：你认为是什么促成了他巨大的成功？他把注意力集中在他正在做的事情上。分析空处所在句可知，该句句子结构、意义完整，用that引导主语从句，从句中what he is doing 为宾语从句。故选D项。10Hard work，along with dedicated revolutionary spirit is the fundamental guarantee to success，which is we should learn from the pioneers participating in the Long March.(2017苏锡常镇四市一模，32)Athat BwhereCwhat Dhow答案C解析句意为：艰苦奋斗以及甘于奉献的革命精神是取得成功的根本保障，这是我们应该从参加长征的先辈身上学习的东西。分析句子成分可知，系动词is的后面为表语从句，从句中谓语动词learn的后面缺少宾语，结合句意可知what符合题意。11They have little idea the project will work out as planned；anyway they are determined to push ahead with it.Awhether BwhenCthat Dhow答案A解析句意为：他们不知道这个项目能否产生预期的结果，但无论如何他们都下定决心要向前推进这个项目。根据句子结构和句意可知，空处在句中引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的内容，且空处在句中表示“是否”，故需用连接词whether来引导该同位语从句。12It is a frequent situation faced by contemporary people they have to move to a new place because of the requirement of work.Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhether答案A解析句意为：由于工作要求而不得不搬到新地方是现代人常常遇到的情况。分析句子结构可知，it在句中作形式主语，空处所引导的从句才是真正的主语，且从句的意思和结构都完整，故应用that来引导该主语从句。13As I opened my eyes，in direction I looked，I could see smiling，peaceful，calm and content faces.(2016南通调研，34)Awhatever BhoweverCwhichever Dwherever答案C解析句意为：当我睁开眼的时候，无论往哪个方向看，我都能看到微笑、安宁、平静和满足的脸庞。in 为介词，后面是宾语从句，根据句意用whichever表示“无论哪一个方向”，故C正确。14The rising house prices in most cities have aroused concerns among young migrant workers they cant afford themselves a house.(2017镇江期中，29)Awhether BwhereCwhat Dthat答案D解析句意为：大多数城市房价的上涨引起了年轻农民工的担忧，他们无力负担自己的房子。从句解释说明concerns，且成分完整，故填that来引导同位语从句。15 Jack gets home after school is calculated so that Mum can ensure him warm meals.(2018苏北七市联考，25)AThat BWhenCWhether DHow答案B解析句意为：杰克放学后何时到家是被计算好的，这样的话妈妈可以保证他能吃到热饭。根据句意可知，为了保证他能吃上热饭，因此被计算的是杰克到家的时间，应用when引导主语从句，故选B项。.阅读理解AAcross the country，school reformers are pushing for the expansion of publicly funded early education.Here are a few books that offer insights into the effort：The Most Important Year：Pre-Kindergarten and the Future of Our Children(2017)In this review of the state of early education，Suzanne Bouffard looks at the issue from a historical and practical angle.She visits programs in Boston，New Jersey and Washington to explore what effective models and strategies are being employed in classrooms.She also speaks to parents about finding the right schools，which sets an example for many real-life parents.The Importance of Being Little：What Young Children Really Need from Grownups (2016)This books writer，Erika Christakis argues that parents have forgotten what its like to be children and，therefore，have been misguided in their approach to giving children what they need，“adultifying” them and their surroundings.In this book，she expresses agreement with the widely accepted argument that toddlers(学步的儿童) need free play，and adds that we have mixed learning with schooling，ignoring the ways in which children learn outside of a classroom.The Good School：How Smart Parents Get Their Kids the Education They Deserve(2011)Peg Tyres book will be useful to parents trying to pick the right preschool for their children.Rather than rely on test scores and other quantitative data，she suggests observing the relationship teachers have with their students and making sure they devote as much time to free play periods as they do to direct instruction.The experience of the teacher also matters.16Who are most likely the target readers of those three books?AOfficials who aim at school reforms.BChildren who will attend a preschool.CParents who care about early education.DTeachers who lack experience in educating kids.答案C解析推理判断题。根据三本书的书名和其相关的内容概述，尤其是“which sets an example for many real-life parents”“parents have forgotten”以及“Peg Tyres book will be useful to parents”等提示可知，这三本书主要的目标读者应是关心孩子早期教育的父母，故选C。17What point does Erika Christakis make in her book?AFree play does kids more harm than good.BParents attach less value to early education.CTeachers teaching efficiency needs improving.DKids learning shouldnt be limited in classrooms.答案D解析细节理解题。根据The Importance of Being Little：What Young Children Really Need from Grownups (2016)部分中的“This books writer，Erika Christakis”“adds that we have mixed learning with schooling，ignoring the ways in which children learn outside of a classroom”可知，Erika Christakis认为在儿童教育中人们把儿童的学习与学校教育混在一块儿，忽视了儿童在教室之外的学习方式，言外之意便是儿童的学习不应该只局限在教室内。BWe spend a lot of time on our mobile devices these days and automakers have taken note，rolling out connected cars that make it easy to do nearly everything from your phone.“We all enjoy those kinds of experiences where you want something and by the push of a button everything gets taken care of for you.You dont have to go here and there and piece a bunch of things together by yourself，”said Jim Buczkowski，director of Ford electronics systems.He recently introduced FordPass，a mobile platform that lets car owners access services like finding and paying for a parking spot.“Heres the detail of what charges will be，and then I submit，and then I receive a QR photo allowing my entry to that parking location，” said he.At Buick，the OnStar RemoteLink app connects owners to their cars no matter how far away they are.“This car in Detroit，I could start from here in New York.Or let us say I have the only key to it and my wife in Detroit needs to get in the car，I can unlock it for her from here，” said Stuart Fowle, manager of Buick communications.The feature，in fact，harnesses the cars 4G LTE connectivity.Up to seven mobile devices can connect to it at any given time.“We want people to feel as if they were at home within the car，which a lot of people want to be in just for the driving experience，now they can be in there，and even the passengers can be in there as well for the connectivity experience，” explained Rob Peterson，marketing manager for Buick crossovers.But what does that connectivity mean for your privacy？It is important to have personal information to create that individualized，personalized experience, but certainly it will be a consumers option.For certain consumers，it may not even be an issue.There certainly is a factor where a younger consumer is much more comfortable giving up a lot more privacy and data than an older consumer is，and more likely than not，you are going to see a behavior similar to how they handle their personal privacy within the vehicle.Considering how capable our mobile devices have become，perhaps the only question left to answer is：“Whos driving？”语篇解读由于移动设备的广泛应用，汽车制造商推出了车载移动设备，这使得车主通过手机上的应用程序就可与汽车本身取得联系。18What do Jims words intend to prove?AThe popularity of FordPass.BThe advanced technology FordPass adopts.CThe convenience of FordPass.DThe huge economic benefits FordPass creates.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“We all enjoy those kinds of experiences.You dont have to go here and there and piece a bunch of things together by yourself”可知，Jim Buczkowski叙述了人们的客观需求；再结合下文的“Heres the detail of what charges will be，and then I submit，and then I receive a QR photo allowing my entry to that parking location”可知，Jim Buczkowski继而阐述了FordPass的操作细节，突出了其便利的特点。由此可推知，Jim Buczkowski所说的话是为了表明FordPass的便利性。故选C。19Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “harnesses” in Paragraph 4?AEmploys. BControls.CReplaces. DPrevents.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据下文中的“Up to seven mobile devices can connect to it at any given time.”可推知，画线词所在句表示的是这一特点实际上利用了汽车的4G LTE连接功能。employ意为“使用，采用”，符合语境，故选A。20What can we infer about the connectivity from the last but one paragraph?AOlder drivers commonly go against it.BDrivers should attach value to t
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