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三、细节理解数字计算题(2018全国，A)Welcome to Holker Hall & GardensVisitor InformationHow to Get to HolkerBy Car：Follow brown signs on A590 from J36，M6.Approximate travel times：Windermere20 minutes，Kendal25 minutes，Lancaster45 minutes，Manchester1 hour 30 minutes.By Rail：The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth，Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.Opening TimesSundayFriday (closed on Saturday)1100 am400 pm,30th March2nd November.Admission Charges Hall & GardensGardensAdults： 12.008.00Groups: 9.00 5.50Special EventsProducers Market13th AprilJoin us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks.Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.Holker Garden Festival30th MayThe event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening，making it one of the most popular events in gardening.National Garden Day28th AugustHolker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged.For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.Winter Market8th NovemberThis is an event for all the family.Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文，题材是旅游广告。文章介绍了游览霍尔克庄园的游客须知和四项特别的活动。21.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?A.20 minutes. B.25 minutes.C.45 minutes. D.90 minutes.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章的How to Get to Holker部分中“By Car：.Approximate travel times：.Manchester1 hour 30 minutes.”可知，游客从Manchester开车到Holker大约用一个半小时，也就是90分钟。故选D。22.How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens?A.12.00. B.9.00.C.8.00. D.5.50.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章的Admission Charges部分中Hall & Gardens一列与Groups一行的交叉处可知，旅游团的一个成员游览Hall & Gardens所需要的费用为9.00。故选B。23.Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?A.Producers Market.B.Holker Garden Festival.C.National Garden Day.D.Winter Market.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章的Winter Market部分中的第二句“Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.(流连于形形色色的礼品商店间，同时欣赏着现场的音乐演出和好看的街头娱乐活动)”可知，如果想看现场的音乐演出，你就去Winter Market。故选D。一、题型解读1.数字计算细节理解题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，从数学的角度讲，计算量都比较小，计算容易。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。2.数字计算细节理解题的话题有：(1)广告类；(2)故事类；(3)科普知识类；(4)史地自然类；(5)文化教育类。设问方式以when，in which year，how many/much等疑问词开头引出问题。二、解题技巧“加减乘除”得数据1.阅读题干，查看题干中的关键词寻读原文，同时标记数字、时间、年代等相关信息。2.弄清题干询问数据与原文数据的逻辑关系，并进行加减乘除计算。3.特殊信息应注意：(1)特殊数字：decade十年；fortnight两周；double两倍；couple两个；score二十；dozen十二。(2)特殊词汇：off削价，减价；discount折扣。例如：【真题感悟】中第21题阅读题干，根据第一段How to Get to Holker中By car里Approximate travel times后面的内容可知，从Manchester到Holker要用1 hour 30 minutes，即一个半小时，也就是90分钟，故选D。ACollege isnt for everyone.Earning a degree will improve the income potential，but high tuition is a deterrent for some.Some cant afford it.Others choose not to continue their schooling for other reasons.But they can still find a good job without a college degree.Manufacturing Sales RepresentativesAverage salary：52,440Current workforce：1,430,000Projected job growth,20102020：16%Wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives who specialize in non-technical products make more than 27% of full-time workers.Unlike those salespeople，wholesale representatives market their products directly to businesses and government agencies.The pay is good，the opportunities are numerous and，for most employees，a High School diploma is enough to get a job.Dry Wall WorkersAverage salary：45,490Current workforce：22,900Projected job growth,20102020：27%No High School diploma？No problem.Dry wall workers are the only workers on our list who can expect good money and strong job growth without even finishing high school.Dry wall workers work in the construction industry，preparing walls for painting after masons build them up.Most learn from more experienced workers during working.ElectriciansAverage salary：48,250Current workforce：577,700Projected job growth,20102020：23%The world is more mechanized than ever before，and more machines mean more work for these skilled workers，who will see nearly 134,000 new jobs added by 2020.A typical electrician makes more than 48,000 per year with a high school degree.Major cities promise the most jobs.Commercial PilotsAverage salary：67,500Current workforce：32,700Projected job growth,20102020：28%An average commercial pilot makes 26,000 more than a typical full-time worker and 13,000 more than an average college-educated worker.It requires only a commercial pilots license and training at a local flight school.Times are changingmany airlines now look for pilots with two-year or four-year degreesbut prospects for salary and growth remain strong.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。大学并不适合所有人。文章介绍了四种没有大学文凭照样可以做的好工作。1.Whats the meaning of the underlined word “deterrent” in Paragraph 1?A.Prevention. B.Threat.C.Difficulty. D.Fear.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的后一句“Some cant afford it.”可以推测出，高昂的学费对于一些人来说是一个阻碍。由此可推知，deterrent与prevention意思相近。2.Without a High School diploma，you can find a job as a(n) .A.manufacturing sales representativeB.dry wall workerC.electricianD.commercial pilot答案B解析细节理解题。根据Dry Wall Workers这一节中的“No High School diploma？No problem.Dry wall workers are the only workers on our list who can expect good money and strong job growth without even finishing high school.”可知，答案为B项。3.The average salary for a typical full-time worker is .A.52,440 B.45,490C.67,500 D.41,500答案D解析数字计算题。根据Commercial Pilots这一节中的“Average salary：67,500”和“An average commercial pilot makes 26,000 more than a typical full-time worker”可知，一个全职工人的平均工资一般为：67,50026,00041,500，故答案为D项。4.Which of the following is TRUE about the commercial pilots?A.The average salary of commercial pilots is the lowest of the mentioned jobs.B.Commercial pilots earn more than college-educated workers.C.You need to receive training at an international flight school to be a commercial pilot.D.Our society will need more commercial pilots in the future.答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一句中的“but prospects for salary and growth remain strong”可知，商业飞行员的就业前景很好，故答案为D项。5.From the text，we can infer that .A.having a college degree can guarantee a good jobB.its not necessary to get a college degreeC.electricians will find jobs in big cities easilyD.many people dont continue their schooling for only one reason答案C解析推理判断题。根据Electricians这一节中的“Major cities promise the most jobs.”可以推测出答案。B(2018天津十二区县二模)Tears of relief and shouts of joy rang out at the San Jose Mine in northern Chile when 33 miners were lifted to freedom，one by one.The men，ranging from 19 to 63 years old，have been buried alive since a cave in the copper and gold mine they were working collapsed on August 5,2010.It is the longest time anyone has ever survived being trapped underground.After the collapse，the men found an emergency shelter off one of the mines tunnels.The temperature in the dark shelter was around 90 degrees Fahrenheit.For more than two weeks，the miners water came from the tanks on their work vehicles.They shared a supply of food that was meant to last for only 48 hours.The miners were totally isolated until rescue teams made contact with the men on August 22.They sent a note to the surface explaining their situation.Rescuers drilled small holes to reach the cave and sent down supply tubes containing food，water，clothes，medicine，fresh air and other supplies.They also received letters from their families，a television set and games.Additional collapses slowed down rescue efforts.Finally，a tunnel was built that could fit a 13-foot rescue capsule(救生舱)，called the Pheonix.The escape hole measures 28 inches across，a tight fit for the twisting 20 minutes,2,041-foot ride.The first miner reached the surface just after midnight on October,13.The rescue mission was faster than expected，and all 33 men had been brought to safety by late the same day.The miners were met by family members who were waiting at Camp Hope，a settlement of tents near the mine.Chiles president，Sebastian Pinera，cheered at the scene and hugged the miners.“We made a promise never to give up，and we kept it，” he said.After an immediate medical exam，the men were airlifted to the nearest hospital for 48 hours of observation.6.How long were the rescued miners trapped in the mine?A.About 48 hours.B.About two weeks.C.One month and a half.D.More than two months.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a cave in the copper and gold mine they were working collapsed(倒塌) on August 5,2010”和倒数第二段第四、五句“The first miner reached the surface just after midnight on October,13.all 33 men had been brought to safety by late the same day.”可知，所有被营救出来的矿工已被困了两个多月。7.Which of the following doesnt belong to the rescue work?A.The water from the tanks.B.Small holes drilled to reach the cave.C.A tunnel built to fix a rescue capsule.D.Letters，games and a TV set from the surface.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“For more than two weeks，the miners water came from the tanks on their work vehicles.”可知，矿工们起初两个多星期饮用的水是作业车辆水箱中原先就有的，不属于救援工作。故选A。8.What can we learn from the text?A.All miners reached the surface just after midnight on October 13.B.The loss of the mine collapse.C.The health condition of the trapped miners.D.The concern of Chiles president about the mine collapse.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Chiles president，Sebastian Pinera，cheered at the scene and hugged the miners.We made a promise never to give up，and we kept it， he said.”可知，智利总统对矿难非常关切。故选D。9.According to the text，the rescued miners .A.received medical examination in a hospital at firstB.could go home immediately they got out of the mineC.had to stay in a hospital for two days before going homeD.felt relieved to see their family members taken good care of答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段末句“After an immediate medical exam，the men were airlifted to the nearest hospital for 48 hours of observation.”可知矿工获救后被送往最近的医院进行为期两天的观察。故选C。10.The best title for the text should be .A.Disaster at the MineB.A Miracle at the MineC.Efforts of Great ChileansD.Miserable Life of Chilean Miners答案B解析标题归纳题。本文主要描述了在营救者不懈的努力以及矿工们的顽强毅力下，智利矿难的营救工作取得了圆满成功，33名矿工在困于矿井两个多月后终于获救，这可以说是一个生命的奇迹。题型组合练(六).单项填空1.Some people use hand-written letters typing because theyre more personal and represent your sincerity.A.in preference to B.in process ofC.in reference with D.in search of答案A解析句意为：一些人优先用手写书信而不是通过打字，因为这样更私人，也代表你的真诚。in preference to优先于；in process of在过程中；in reference with参照；in search of搜查，寻找。2.As things didnt work out the way we ，we found ourselves trying to force them and struggling to finish them.A.plan B.are planningC.had planned D.will be planning答案C解析句意为：当事情不像我们之前所计划的那样发展时，我们发现自己正在试图强迫他们并奋力完成它们。根据前句didnt，后句found可知，该句应使用过去时态；因事情的发展和结果发生在计划之后，这里要用plan的过去完成时态had planned与前面的一般过去时形成对比，以体现动作的先后，即“当事情不像我们之前所计划的那样时”，因此C项正确。3.Linda realized she was in the wrong and promised to a new leaf.A.take over B.turn overC.get over D.go over答案B解析句意为：琳达意识到自己错了，并承诺改过自新。take over接管；turn over翻转，打翻，turn over a new leaf固定短语，意为“改过自新，重新开始”；get over克服；go over复习，仔细检查。故B项正确。4.It was not just the size of the party last night made it unique，but it meant to our company.A.what；that B.that；whatC.what；what D.that；that答案B解析分析句子结构可知，该句为强调句型，故第一个空用that；第二个空用what引导名词性从句。5.Though a farmer，Zhu Zhiwen has become a huge success as a singer，whose story is really of great inspiration.A.everything B.nothingC.the one D.one答案D解析句意为：尽管出身农民，朱之文已经成为一位非常成功的歌手，他的故事真的非常鼓舞人心。这里用one指代前面的story，相当于a story of great inspiration；everything一切事物；nothing无事物；the one那个，均不符合句意，故D项正确。6.It was the natural disaster，rather than human errors，that for the death of so many innocent people.A.are blamed B.was to blameC.was blamed D.were to blame答案B解析句意为：是自然灾害，而不是人为错误，应对这么多无辜人的死亡负责。表示“应受责备，应对负责”时，用be to blame for.为固定短语，因此排除A、C两项；这里强调主语the natural disaster，rather than human errors，是一个强调句，谓语动词应与rather than前面的主语保持一致， 即与the natural disaster保持一致，因此用was to blame，故B项正确。7.Can you do me a favour，Mr Smith？My car start.No problem.You can count on it.A.wont B.mustntC.neednt D.shouldnt答案A解析句意为：史密斯先生，你能帮我一个忙吗？我的车发动不起来了。没问题。你尽管放心。mustnt 意为“禁止”，neednt意为“不需要”，shouldnt意为“不应该”，will作情态动词可以表示习惯或倾向性，其否定式wont是对此刻和未来情况的一种否定，结合句意，A项正确。8. you consider that the airline handled 80 million passengers last year，the accident figures are really very small.A.Unless B.WhenC.Before D.Though答案B解析句意为：当你考虑到这家航空公司去年接待了8 000万名乘客的时候，这个事故数量其实是非常小的。unless除非；before在以前；though尽管，与题意不符；when当时，符合句意。9.That Americans have no history while Chinese have no future sounds ；it has raised a thought-provoking question，though.A.artificial B.arbitraryC.allergic D.reluctant答案B解析句意为：“美国没有历史、中国没有未来”听起来随意，不过，它引发了一个发人深思的问题。artificial人造的，假的；arbitrary武断的，随意的；allergic过敏的；reluctant勉强的，不情愿的。结合句意，B项正确。10.Mummy，look at my gloves.I need a new pair. .I bought them for you only a week ago!A.You bet B.You said itC.You dont say D.You name it答案C解析句意为：妈妈，看我的手套。我需要一副新的。是真的吗？我才刚给你买一个星期啊！You bet当然，一定；You said it你说得对；Yon dont say表示惊讶，对对方描述情况表示质疑，意为“是真的吗，真想不到，不见得吧”；You name it只要你能想到的。因此C项正确。.阅读理解(2018天津十二区县一模)Electric cars are dirty.In fact，not only are they dirty，they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins.People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions(排放) vehicles”，but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from.Power plants mostly use fire to make it.Aside from the new folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells，we get our electricity from generators(发电机).Generators are fueled by somethingusually coal，oil，but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants.There are a few wind farms and geothermal(地热) plants as well，but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.In other words，those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars.Its just because the coal is burned somewhere else，it looks clean.It is not.Its as if the California Greens are covering their eyes“If I cant see it，its not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle；a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it.But when you take that gas(or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity，you waste a nice part of that energy，mostly in the form of wasted heatat the generator，through the transmission lines，etc.A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles.But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as farso electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones.If our electricity came mostly from nukes or geothermal，or hydro or wind or solar，then an electric car truly would be clean.But for political，technical，and economic reasons，we dont use much of those energy sources.In addition，electric cars batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill.And finally，when cars are the polluters，the pollution is spread across all the roads.When its a power plant，though，all the junk is in one place.Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated，but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.11.What does the underlined part “clueless” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.People see the California Greens everywhere.B.People there have no idea that so far electricity mainly comes from burning coal，oil，etc.C.People in California love to have their roofs covered with solar cells.D.People in California love to talk about zero-emissions vehicles.答案B解析句意理解题。根据文章第二段中的“People in California love to talk about zero-emissions(排放) vehicles，but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from.”可知，加利福尼亚的人喜欢谈论“零排放”的汽车，但是他们似乎对电的来源不清楚。12.What is the main idea of the text?A.Electric cars are not clean at all.B.Electric cars are better than gasoline-powered ones.C.People cast doubts on electric cars batteries.D.Gasoline is an efficient way to power a vehicle.答案A解析主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，电动车一点也不环保。13.The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run .A.not less than 25 milesB.as far as 50 milesC.as far as 25 milesD.not more than 25 miles答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句“A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles.But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as far.”可知，一加仑汽油中得到的电力会让你的车行驶不超过25英里。14.According to the text，electric cars .A.are more environmentally friendlyB.burn more fuel than gasoline-powered onesC.are very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated D.are poisonous for a long time and will eventually end up in a landfill 答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句“A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles.But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as farso electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones.”可知，电动汽车燃烧的燃料比以汽油为动力的汽车燃烧的燃料多。15.It can be inferred from the text that .A.being green is good and should be encouraged in communicationB.electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with gasoline-powered cousinsC.zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment D.electric cars are not clean because we get electricity mainly by burning something答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知电动车所需要的电主要是通过燃烧煤炭等自然资源获得的，所以电动车并不如人们所认为的那样清洁无污染。.阅读表达Twenty-five years ago，most young Britons wanted a career in law，to be a doctor，or，if they were creatively minded，to take up singing.But today，things stand differently.According to a survey by Tesco Mobile，a UK telecoms company，the “dream job” of young people aged between 16 and 25 in the UK is a video blogger，or “vlogger”.The survey，carried out among 1,002 people，found that as much as 40 percent of them put vlogger as their number one choice on a list of ideal careers.The factors contributing to this change is undoubtedly the Internet and，as everyone will admit，social media，which have made it so much easier to reach a global audience，without having to enter a career in show business the traditional way.“In years gone by，the biggest stars were groomed and trained by the Hollywood studios；now，anyone with a computer camera can become an icon，” a Tesco Mobile spokesperson said in a news release.“From fashion to comedy，these self-made stars document and broadcast their hobbies to an adoring fan-base(粉丝团).Vloggers are the big stars of today because they are normal people interacting with their fans about everyday life.”“Generations of today have so many more options and opportunities than older age groups and the Internet and development of technology have aided that growth，” Phil Samuels，spokesperson for UK tech retailer Currys，told the Mirror.However，what people see is only the bright side of being a vlogger and they ignore the fact that only those who are successful gain fame and fortune.For every success there are a hundred others who never get off the starting block.There are the dreams that come true and the dreams that are destined to remain dreams.This is why despite the popularity of vloggers，some young people chose to follow careers that dont necessarily earn them fame，but allow them to make good use of the Internet to share their hobbies.Young Israeli David Leshaw，for example，runs a business called the Finishers Club.Its an online platform for runners to keep a record of their races.He told the career website Zippia that his job allows him to express his passion，and is always a learning experience.And thats enough for him.16.According to the survey，what is the most appealing job for British young
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