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第二节 分类突破一、细节理解事实细节题(20186月天津，A)Fire Prevention InformationThe University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals.They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置) systems，fire alarms，and fire extinguishers(灭火器).They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls.Whenever you move to a new area，you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.Fire AlarmsThe floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的) fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes.Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors，smoke detectors and sprinklers.For your safety，never tamper with(胡乱摆弄) these systems.False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.Fire DrillsA fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester.During a fire drill，please do the following：Take your room key and ID，close and lock the door to your room.Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit；do not use a lift.Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.Fire ExtinguishersFire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment.Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so.Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.Smoke DetectorsA smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room.Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings.Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector：If your smoke detector is working properly，the red light should be on.If the red light is not blinking(闪动)，contact residence hall staff immediately.Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke，inform your hall staff.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向大学生们介绍了火灾预防的相关情况：火警、消防演练、灭火器以及烟雾探测器等。36.What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?A.To provide part-time jobs for students.B.To lead the students to the nearest exits.C.To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.D.To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.答案C解析细节理解题。根据Fire Prevention Information下的第二句“They inspect.and test and maintain all sprinkler.”可知，火灾预防专家们的主要职责是检测和维护火灾预防设备。故选C。37.What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?A.Pipes and smoke detectors.B.Smoke detectors and sprinklers.C.Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.D.Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations.答案B解析细节理解题。由题干中的automatic fire alarm systems可定位到Fire Alarms下的“automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors，smoke detectors and sprinklers”。故选B。38.In a fire drill，the students should .A.rush quickly to a liftB.gather at the nearest exitC.shut the door and leave at onceD.wait for instructions in the hall答案C解析细节理解题。根据Fire Drills下的第一条以及第二条可知，选项C符合题意。39.What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?A.Using them wrongly results in punishment.B.Irresponsible use of them can damage them.C.Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.D.Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.答案A解析推理判断题。根据Fire Extinguishers下的最后一句“Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.(错误使用灭火器会导致罚款)”可知A项正确。40.To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector，one should .A.contact the hall staff regularlyB.cover the things that burn easilyC.start the smoke detector in a fireD.make certain the red light is working答案D解析细节理解题。由Smoke Detectors下的第一条中的第一句“If your smoke detector is working properly，the red light should be on.”可知，选项D与之对应，故答案为D。一、题型解读事实细节题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式是以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。二、解题技巧题干定位，寻找信息题干定位法是做事实细节题最基本的也是最常用的方法。事实细节题主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，可根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可以确定最佳答案。“题干定位法”分为三步：第一步：先通过题干信息来选择定位词。定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词等，即问题的核心信息。例如上面【真题感悟】中的第37题，题干中的定位词为the automatic fire alarm systems。第二步：在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，找出相关的句子。例如上面【真题感悟】中的第37题由定位词the automatic fire alarm systems我们可以迅速浏览到Fire Alarms这一段中。第三步：分析这些句子和选项，得出正确答案。例如上面【真题感悟】中的第37题，分析句子和选项可知B项正确。(2018红桥区二模)4-Day Classic Beijing TourThe 4-day classic Beijing tour is designed for tourists who come to visit China for the first time.It covers the most popular and typical places in Beijing，fully displaying the scenery，culture，history，local lifestyles and features，food and drinks，business，etc.for you.Day 1：Arrival in BeijingYour guide meets you at Capital Airport，and helps you check in at your hotel.Enjoy Beijing Duck as welcome dinner.Accommodation：Beijing downtownDay 2：The Great Wall & the Summer PalaceStart your day at the most famous part of the Great Wall，the Badaling Great Wall.Leave the downtown for the Great Wall at 8 am.Since it is a long drive to the Great Wall (about 2 hours riding)，have a break at the Jade Museum on the way.Lunch will be enjoyed in a local restaurant.In the early afternoon come back to the city and have a sightseeing tour of the Summer Palace.Recommended Activity：Beijing Opera Show (Liyuan Theatre,19302110 every evening)Accommodation：Beijing downtownDay 3：Beijing city sightseeing & Local experienceYour guide meets you at the hotel at 8 am and sets out for the days touring：Tiananmen Square and the Forbidden City.After visiting the two sites，have a break and get ready for lunch.Hutong visit：see some traditional arts of the old Beijing，such as paper cutting and kite making，and visit a local family.Accommodation：Beijing downtownDay 4：Beijing Olympic sitesVisit the Olympic sites：Birds Nest，Water Cube and Olympic Park，witnessing the fast developing modern China.Enjoy some free time after visiting the sites.After lunch，it is shopping time and then the tour is over.1.This advertisement is aimed at .A.foreigners who are new to ChinaB.experts who study history and citiesC.kids who were born in other citiesD.people who are interested in touring答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The 4-day classic Beijing tour is designed for tourists who come to visit China for the first time.”可知，这四天的旅行是针对初次来中国的外国人的。故选A。2.If a tourist wants to enjoy Beijing Opera，he should .A.visit the Summer Palace on the first dayB.go sightseeing in Beijing HutongC.live and eat downtown in BeijingD.go to Liyuan Theatre in the evening答案D解析细节理解题。根据Day 2中的“Recommended Activity：Beijing Opera Show (Liyuan Theatre,19302110 every evening).”可知，如果想看京剧应该是在晚上去梨园剧院。3.On which day can tourists enjoy the citys traditional arts and local lifestyle?A.Day 4. B.Day 3.C.Day 2. D.Day 1.答案B解析细节理解题。根据Day 3中提到“Hutong visit：see some traditional arts of the old Beijing，such as paper cutting and kite making，and visit a local family.”可知，在第三天游客能感受传统文化和当地的生活方式。4.What does this tour company think can show Beijing is a fast developing modern city?A.Beijing Capital Airport.B.Birds Nest，Water Cube and Olympic Park.C.Tiananmen Square and the Forbidden City.D.The Great Wall & the Summer Palace.答案B解析细节理解题。根据Day 4中的“Visit the Olympic sites：Birds Nest，Water Cube and Olympic Park，witnessing the fast developing modern China.”可知，这家旅游公司认为，北京的鸟巢，水立方和奥林匹克公园显示了北京是一个发展迅速的现代化城市。5.To make the advertisement work，what should be added?A.Age requirement.B.The hotels address.C.Contact information.D.The guides name.答案C解析推理判断题。通读全文可知，这个广告没有联系方式，因此应该增加这方面的信息。故选C。B(2018和平区一模)I am reading a novel at the moment，a story set in Britain and India in the 19th century.It was written by an Indian author who now lives in Denmark，but neither in the language of Hindi nor Danish.Although the paperback edition Im holding was published in New Delhi，India，four years ago，I (an American) purchased it recently from a second-hand bookshop in Tokyo，Japan.Thats quite a history already.But theres more.The novel is a tale of various mysteries，all expertly put into a well-structured story by a very skillful author.Yet my particular copy presents even more mysteries than the tale.One summer morning in the year of my paperbacks publicationon July 15,2012someone else was reading it while eating breakfast in a restaurant in Mumbai，India.I know this because I found a receipt of coffee and bread inside.I also know that this person was not the owner of the paperback immediately before me.In fact，the owner before me was not Indian at all，but Japanese.I know this because in the book there are handwritten notes in Japanesetranslations of English words with which the reader was unfamiliar.Japanese being a language of characters，not letters，it is not easy to determine if the note writer was a man or a woman.But the care taken to write the translations neatly in the limited spaces available on each page indicates a womans hand.So let us agree that it is a woman.What can we say of her？Well educated，clearly，and probably a university student，who would keep a dictionary at hand while reading a novel.But why did she suddenly stop reading？The last translation in my paperback appears on Page 83，less than a third of the way through the novel.Did she give up because the book was proved too difficult？Or was there some other reason?Many a novel presents mysteries，all of which are solved by the end of the tale.The mysteries presented by my little paperback，however，remain mysteries，all expertly put into a well-structured story，not by a skillful writer，but this time by the numberless vagaries(变幻莫测) of life itself.6.What can we learn about the novel?A.It is about a world trip.B.It is well written.C.It was written in an American restaurant.D.It was first published in the 19th century.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The novel is a tale of various mysteries，all expertly put into a well-structured story by a very skillful author.”这部小说讲述了各种各样的奥秘，一个娴熟的作家巧妙地(将这些奥秘)组织成一个故事，可知这个小说写得非常好。7.In which language is the novel written?A.Hindi. B.Danish.C.English. D.Japanese.答案C解析细节理解题。根据倒数第五段“I know this because in the book there are handwritten notes in Japanese-translations of English words with which the reader was unfamiliar.”可知这本书上有日文的笔记，是对读者不熟悉的英文单词的翻译，所以这本书应该是用英文写的。8.The author assumes the Japanese owner of the book was a woman based on .A.the pretty handwritingB.the food written on the receiptC.the good condition of the bookD.the effort taken in writing the notes答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第四段第二句“But the care taken to write the translations neatly in the limited spaces available on each page indicates a womans hand.”可知，从写笔记的细心，作者认为这本书的日本主人是一个女人。9.Which of the following can best describe the author?A.He is a great reader of historical fiction.B.He is a hard-working university student.C.He is a productive writer with sensibility.D.He is a careful observer with imagination.答案D解析推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“So let us agree that it is a woman.What can we say of her？Well educated，clearly，and probably a university student，who would keep a dictionary at hand while reading a novel.”以及前文作者根据书中笔记推测书的日本主人是一位女士，可以看出作者是一个有想象力的认真的观察者。10.Whats the best title for the text?A.The Tale of a PaperbackB.Different Life ExperiencesC.Unsolved Mysteries of LifeD.A Books Exciting Adventure答案A解析标题归纳题。通读文章内容可知，文章讲述了一本书在来到作者手里之前，经历过别人的翻阅和做笔记，作者展开想象，推测了这本书之前的经历。整篇文章围绕着这本书进行，讲述了关于这本书的故事或传说。题型组合练(四).单项填空1.Sky Hunter successfully captures the bravery of PLA soldiers， does Wolf Warriors，but it met with box office failure.A.so B.which C.what D.as答案D解析句意为：空天猎成功地刻画了解放军的英勇，正如战狼，但是空天猎票房惨败。先行词为“Sky Hunter successfully captures the bravery of PLA soldiers”，关系词as“正如”在非限制性定语从句中作宾语。根据题意，故选D。2.Playing with their peers，children learn to and not do exactly what they want to do.A.compromise B.competeC.contribute D.construct答案A解析句意为：孩子们和同龄人玩耍，学会妥协，而不是完全做他们想做的事。compromise 妥协；compete 竞争；contribute贡献；construct构成。根据句意，故选A。3.Come off it！Oversleeping is as lame an excuse as other.A.one B.each C.some D.any答案D解析句意为：别胡扯了，睡过头像其他任何借口一样蹩脚。one other另一个；each other互相，彼此；some other其他一些；any other任何其他。根据句意，故选D。4.World Food Day is held each year to underline the progress that against hunger and that still needs to be made.A.is made B.was madeC.has been made D.will be made答案C解析句意为：每年都庆祝世界粮食日来强调为消除饥饿已经取得的进展及还需要取得的。题目中暗含“已经取得的”，故使用现在完成时。根据句意，故选C。5.When the admission letter from Harvard University arrived，Bens parents were and threw a big party.A.in the red B.tickled pinkC.as white as a sheet D.in a blue mood答案B解析句意为：当哈佛大学的录取通知书到达时，本的父母喜出望外，开了一个盛大的晚会。in the red负债；tickled pink喜出望外；as white as a sheet面色苍白；in a blue mood心情不好。根据句意，故选B。6.In order to stand out among all the trainees，you need to sharpen your skills you feel strong and confident.A.that B.whereC.when D.what答案B解析句意为：为了在所有的学员中脱颖而出，你需要提高你的技能，那些你感觉强的、有自信的技能。设空处在定语从句中充当地点状语，故用where来引导定语从句。7.Our football team had a lead in the match，but the last minute goal of the guest team .A.gave it away B.put it awayC.wiped it away D.carried it away答案C解析句意为：我们的足球队在比赛中领先，但客队最后一分钟的进球把它抹掉了。give away暴露；put away放好，收起来；wipe away抹掉，擦掉；carry away带走，拿走。根据句意，故选C。8.Instead of making choices for their children，liberal parents usually say，“Go where you .”A.will B.shouldC.can D.must答案A解析句意为：开明的父母通常会说：“去你想去的地方，”而不是为他们的孩子做选择。will愿意；should应该；can能够；must必须。根据句意，故选A。9.Membership of this club is open to those who are its aim.A.in salute to B.in honour ofC.in line with D.in sympathy with答案D解析句意为：这个俱乐部的会员对那些赞同其宗旨的人开放。in salute to向致意，赞扬；in honour of为纪念，为庆祝；in line with跟一致，符合；in sympathy with赞同，和一致。根据句意，故选D。10.Did you watch the final match of China Open yesterday?Sure.I it so attentively that I forgot to cook supper.A.watched B.had watchedC.was watching D.was to watch答案C解析句意为：昨天你看中国公开赛的决赛了吗？当然。我全神贯注地看着，忘了做晚饭。根据“yesterday”可知发生在过去，根据“the final match of China Open”为过去具体的时间。在过去某个时间做某事使用过去进行时。故选C。.完形填空I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s.When it was her turn to pay，the cashier(收银员) 11 her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down，shook her hand and said, “Not so good.My husband just lost his job and my 12 son is up to his old tricks again.The truth is，I dont know how Im going to 13 the holidays.” Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart 14 .I wanted to help but didnt know how.Should I offer to 15 her groceries or ask for her husbands situation? 16 I walked into the parking lot，I spotted the woman returning her shopping cart.I remembered something in my purse that I thought might help her.It wasnt a handful of cash or an 17 of a job for her husband，but maybe it would make her life 18 .My heart beat faster as I 19 the woman.“Excuse me，” I said，my voice trembling a bit.“I couldnt help overhearing what you said to the cashier.It sounds like youre going through a really 20 time right now.Im so sorry，but Id like to give you something.”I took a small card out of my purse and 21 it to her.When the woman read the cards only two words，she began to cry.And through her 22 ，she said，“You have no idea how much this 23 to me.”I was a little 24 by her reply.Having never done anything like this before，I didnt know what kind of 25 I might receive.All I could think to respond was，“Oh! Would it be OK to give you a 26 ？”After we hugged 27 ，I walked back to my carand began to cry too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier，a colleague gave me a similar card as 28 for a project I was working on.When I read the card，I felt a 29 glow(喜悦) spread inside of me.Deeply touched，I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter cards and started 30 them.11.A.charged B.greetedC.recognized D.heard答案B解析根据asked her how she was doing可知，收银员问她过得怎么样，据此可以判断，收银员在和她打招呼(greet)。12.A.confident B.independentC.hopeless D.stubborn答案C解析confident自信的；independent独立的；hopeless无望的，(感到)绝望的；stubborn固执的。根据“my son is up to his old tricks again”可知，她的儿子故伎重演，据此可以判断她认为她的儿子是无望的(hopeless)。13.A.think about B.give upC.go on D.get through答案D解析think about考虑；give up放弃；go on继续；get through接通，度过。根据上文可知，她的丈夫刚失业，儿子故伎重演，她过得不好。据此可以判断她不知道如何度过(get through)假期。14.A.ached B.failedC.beat D.paused答案A解析根据下文“I wanted to help but didnt know how”并结合第一段她对丈夫和儿子的描述可知，作者听后感到心疼(ache)。15.A.send for B.provide forC.pay for D.beg for答案C解析send for派人请；provide for提供；pay for支付；beg for乞求。根据上文“When it was her turn to pay”并结合该句子her groceries可知，作者不知道是否应该帮她付款(pay for)。16.A.As B.ThoughC.Unless D.Since答案A解析当作者走进停车场时，作者看到她正在还购物车。17.A.excuse B.offerC.experience D.opinion答案B解析根据该句中“of a job for her husband”可知，这并不是给她丈夫提供的一份工作。18.A.harder B.wealthierC.simpler D.better答案D解析根据上文的“Not so good.”及“but maybe it would make her life”可知，作者的帮助也许会让她的生活更好一些(better)。19.A.touched B.foundC.passed D.approached答案D解析根据语境可知，当作者靠近(approach)她时，作者的心跳加快。20.A.happy B.toughC.regular D.long答案B解析根据第一段可知，她的丈夫刚失业，儿子故伎重演，据此可知，她此刻过着艰难的(tough)生活。21.A.handed B.showedC.spread D.explained答案A解析根据语境可知，作者从钱包里取出一张小卡片并递给(hand)她。22.A.thanks B.fearsC.tears D.beliefs答案C解析根据上文中的“she began to cry”可知，她含着眼泪(tear)和作者说话。23.A.brings B.meansC.values D.contains答案B解析根据语境可知，此处表示“你不知道这对我的意义有多大”。24.A.worried B.excitedC.moved D.shocked答案D解析根据下文中的“Having never done anything like this before”可知，作者以前从来没有做过这样的事情，所以对她的反应有点震惊。25.A.reaction B.feelingC.expression D.answer答案A解析由上下文语境可知，由于以前从来没有做过这样事情，所以作者不知道会收到什么样的反应(reaction)。26.A.present B.promiseC.hug D.ride答案C解析根据下文中的“After we hugged”可知，此处表示“我给你一个拥抱(hug)好吗”。27.A.wildly B.tightlyC.anxiously D.eagerly答案B解析wildly狂野地；tightly紧紧地；anxiously焦急地；eagerly急切地。根据语境可知，在紧紧拥抱之后，作者回到了自己的车上，也开始哭。28.A.progress B.effortC.encouragement D.praise答案C解析根据该句中的“for a project I was working on”并结合下文的“I felt a glow(喜悦) spread inside of me.”可知，同事给作者这张卡片是为了鼓励作者工作。29.A.warm B.richC.soft D.fierce答案A解析根据语境可知，作者感到一种温暖的喜悦在自己身上传播。30.A.gathering B.enjoyingC.preparing D.sharing答案D解析根据语境可知，作者深受感动，回到家中开始制作自己的写着“You Matter”的卡片并分享给别人。.阅读理解(2018天津十二区县一模)Id planned to spend my weekend in the sun，potting flowers outdoors.But that was before the pair of crows.Out of nowhere，they had set up their base camp in our backyard.We first discovered our feathered enemies on Friday morning.It was early，and the sound the birds made travelled through our neighborhood.I figured theyd go away soon.But，no.They were getting louder and probably annoying my neighbors nearly as much as us with the noise.I admitted I got a little desperate.Then，on Sunday afternoon，I looked out the kitchen window to see our dog Quatchi staring at something on the ground.I went to explore and found a small coal-black bird in the grass.Its eyes were milky，and it stayed perfectly still as my dog inched towards it.Only when Quatchi touched his nose to its head did it walk away.I grabbed the dog and locked him inside and came back with my camera.It never occurred to me that the young would be hanging out on the ground，growing and gaining strength as its parents guarded it from above.The second I saw this little creature I forgave the crows.To be honest，Ive never been much of a bird person.I also have a healthy respect for birds，and by healthy I mean slightly fear-based.Theyre basically living dinosaurs.I wish theyd chosen another backyard.There are only so many sunny days in Seattle，and I still cant do any gardening out there.But Im also grateful that I got to see this little bit of na
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