资源描述
课时达标(三十二) Unit 2 Robots建议时间/35分钟 (见学用课时P75) 阅读理解A课标话题人与社会科技发展与信息技术创新体裁说明文词数 263难度 Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material. But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robotone that draws inspiration from an octopus(章鱼)Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search，rescue and exploration. “The Octobot is a minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots，” the studys authors wrote.Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment dont do so well on rough terrains(地形) or in unpredictable conditions. And they arent especially safe around humans, because theyre made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. Theyve taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone(硅酮) body, its still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as searchandrescue operations and exploration，” Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technologys Center for MicroBioRobotics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and quality of life.”语篇导读科学家受到章鱼的启发，制造了软体机器人，本文介绍了这种机器人的研发过程、用处及局限等。1Whats the special feature of “Octobot”？AIts soft. BIts made of metal.CIts very small. DIt looks like an octopus.解析 A细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，“Octobot”是一种可以用作软体机器人基础部件的微型系统，据此可知，“Octobot”的特点是柔软，故选A项。2Whats the disadvantage of traditional robots?ATheyre hard to control. BTheyre too heavy to move.CThey cant predict conditions. DThey cant behave well all the time.解析 D推理判断题。根据第三段可知，传统机器人无法在崎岖的地形上很好地运行，它们还可能对人造成伤害；据此可推知，传统机器人并非总是运行良好，故选D项。3One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobots _.Asilicone body Bcomplex componentsCprecise movements Dflexible power source解析 D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，制造柔韧性强的关键部件仍然面临巨大的挑战，如提供动力的部件，故选D项。4Whats the possible application of “Octobot”？AMedical research. BLife rescue.CMachine operation. DHouse cleaning.解析 B细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，尽管软体机器人开发还处于早期阶段，但它极可能应用于诸如搜索救援和探险等活动，故选B项。B课标话题人与社会科技发展与信息技术创新体裁说明文词数 331难度 Youll probably never go to Mars or sing on the stage with the Rolling Stones. But if virtual reality(VR) ever lives up to its promise, you might be able to do all these thingsand many morewithout even leaving your home. Unlike real reality, virtual reality means simulating(模仿) bits of our world. Apart from games and entertainment, its long been used for training airline pilots and surgeons and for helping scientists to figure out complex problems such as the structure of protein molecules(分子). Then how does it work?Close your eyes and think of virtual reality and you probably picture something like this: a man wearing a wraparound headset(耳机) and data gloves, wired into a powerful workstation or supercomputer. What distinguishes VR from an ordinary computer experience is the nature of the input and output. Where an ordinary computer uses things like a keyboard, mouse, or speech recognition for input, VR uses sensors that detect how your body is moving. And where a PC displays output on a screen, VR uses two screens (one for each eye), surroundsound speakers, and maybe some forms of touch and body feedback as well.VR has been routinely used by scientists, doctors, dentists, engineers, architects, archaeologists, and the military for about the last 30 years. Difficult and dangerous jobs are hard to train for. How can you safely practice taking a trip to space, making a parachute jump, or carrying out brain surgery? All these things are obvious candidates for virtual reality applications.Like any technology, virtual reality has both good and bad points. Critics always raise the risk that people may be addicted to alternative realities to the point of ignoring their realworld livesbut that criticism has been leveled at everything from radio and TV to computer games and the Internet. Like many technologies, VR takes little or nothing away from the real world: you dont have to use it if you dont want to.语篇导读本文主要介绍了虚拟现实技术(VR)的相关信息以及人们对这一技术的看法。5What equipment do we probably need for virtual reality?AA keyboard, a headset and a supercomputer.BA headset, data gloves and a supercomputer.CA headset, data gloves and a speech recognition.DA keyboard, a mouse and a speech recognition.解析 B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，虚拟现实需要耳机、数据手套，以及强大的工作站或超级计算机，故选B项。6What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?AThe advantages of virtual reality.BThe influences of virtual reality.CThe importance of virtual reality.DThe applications of virtual reality.解析 D主旨大意题。第三段第一句讲到当前应用VR的领域，后面讲到VR在将来可能应用的领域，由此可知，第三段主要讲VR的应用，故选D项。7What is the writers attitude towards VR?ACautious. BAppreciative. CDoubtful. DUninterested.解析 B观点态度题。根据文章最后一句可知，作者对于批评者的观点进行了反击，由此推断出，作者对虚拟现实技术的态度倾向于认同，故选B项。8According to the passage, virtual reality means _.Aexperiencing things that dont really existBcreating something that doesnt existCimagining beautiful things in our mindDcloning something that has died out解析 A推理判断题。根据第一段可知，我们不需要离开家就可以去火星，因为虚拟现实技术可以模仿现实世界让你去体验，故选A项。 七选五课标话题人与自我认识自我体裁说明文词数 196难度 (2019正定中学模考)Mourning the loss of your full head of hair? We have some good news for you! _1_ According to a new research, people tend to consider bald(秃头的) men as more dominant, stronger and taller than those with hair.In a study, participants rated photos of men with hair and men with shaved heads according to levels of dominance and agreeability. _2_ Besides, when participants saw pictures of the same men with hair and with their hair digitally removed, the latter were considered as more dominant, taller and stronger than they truly were.What gives? _3_ It is just like people with deeper voices are seen as more competent and trustworthy. In US. society, shaved heads are often found on men in traditionally male professions, so dominance may appear through stereotypical(模式化观念的) associations with these figures.The researchers advice: If age has caused you to start losing your hair, you might consider shaving your head completely. _4_Instead of spending millions each year trying to cure their hair loss, the theory of this research to men experiencing male pattern baldness is to shave their heads. _5_ If so, these natural hair loss treatments are definitely worth a try.AA full head of hair is not as good as you thought.BBeing bare up there could actually be a huge plus.CThen you can spend more money on other valuables.DDoing so could actually increase your reliability with others.EStill, we dont blame you if youre holding out hope of a full head of hair.FTurns out, the bald men were considered more dominant than the hairy ones.GThese results suggest our culture usually considers baldness a sign of maturity and leadership!语篇导读本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：人们倾向于认为秃头的男性更强壮、高大、有领导力。1解析 B顺承关系。B项中的Being bare up和上文中的the loss of your full head of hair相呼应，a huge plus也与空后内容一致，故选B项。2解析 F顺承关系。根据语境可知，空处应是对研究结果的说明，F项(结果是，秃头的人被认为比头发浓密的人更有领导力)与上下文衔接紧密，故选F项。3解析 G诠释关系。根据下文可知，空处会提到产生这种认知的原因，G项(这些结果表明我们的文化通常认为秃头是成熟和领导力的标志)符合语境，故选G项。4解析 D条件关系。分析语境及选项可知，D项中的Doing so指的就是上句中的shaving your head，故选D项。5解析 E转折关系。根据语境可知，空处前后存在转折关系，E项中的if youre holding out hope of a full head of hair与下文中的If so相呼应，故选E项。 语法填空课标话题人与自然自然科学研究成果体裁议论文词数 219难度 Over the last 200 years, many people claim to have seen a hairy, humanlike creature known as the Yeti in the foothills of the Himalayas.Some reports mention the creatures 1._(frighten) behaviour when it felt threatened. Others describe it as a shy, gentle creature 2._ disappeared immediately. However, no one has ever been able to confirm any of these sightings, so questions about the creatures 3._(exist) continue. In addition, the motives of some people who claim to have seen the creature may be questionable since a lot of money can 4._(make) from selling a good story to a newspaper or magazine. So is the Yeti real or not?If the Yeti does genuinely exist, we are faced with an interesting dilemma: should we try 5._(find) it or leave it in peace? This is a moral question. Despite the good intentions of researchers who investigate the Yetis existence, 6._(discover) the creature could cause a conflict between it 7._ humans. This conflict might even be fatal to the Yeti. 8._(unfortunate), when a new animal is discovered, it is quite likely that some people will try to make a profit from it 9._ a harmful way. Governments should adopt laws to protect wild 10._(creature) like the Yeti and prevent people from disturbing them for personal gain.语篇导读本文讨论了雪人Yeti存在的可能性以及人们寻找雪人可能引发的问题。1frightening解析 考查词性转换。句意：一些报道提及了这个生物遭受威胁时的一些可怕的行为。空处作定语修饰名词，表示“令人害怕的”，故填形容词frightening。2that/which解析 考查引导词。空处指代creature，在定语从句中充当主语，故填that或which。3existence解析 考查词性转换。空前有名词所有格，后有谓语动词，故应填名词。4be made解析 考查语态和情态动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为从句的谓语；从句主语a lot of money与make之间是动宾关系，前有情态动词can，故填be made。5to find解析 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该努力找到它还是留给它一份安宁？try to do sth努力做某事。6discovering解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词，与the creature一起作主语，此处表示一般性的动作，故用动名词。7and解析 考查并列连词。句意：发现这种生物可能会引起它和人类之间的矛盾。betweenand在和之间，为固定搭配。8Unfortunately解析 考查词性转换。此处作状语修饰后面的句子，故应用副词形式。9in解析 考查介词。in a(n)way以一种方式，为固定搭配。10creatures解析 考查名词的数。creature为可数名词，前面仅有修饰词wild，故应用复数形式。7
展开阅读全文