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Unit 2The United Kingdom李仕才【短文语法填空】On the first day of her work, Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. She was told six teachers 1. (quit) before her. When she walked into the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in a corner, yet 2. rest of the class seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about with paper, food packages and other garbage 3. (leave) everywhere.Sally walked onto the platform, 4. (pick) up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: “Rule 1: We are family！”All students stopped 5. (look) at her. And she continued with Rule 2, Rule 3 . In the following weeks, Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them 6. the wall of the classroom. She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.7 (surprise), Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; 8. ， she won respect from the students. Over the years, she has witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just 9. she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care，manners and 10. (confident)【解题导语】本文讲述了一名老师通过努力制定课堂规则，最终感化学生的故事。1had quit(ted)解析：考查动词的时态。句意：她被告知在她之前已有六位老师辞职。根据语境，quit 的动作发生在 was told 之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填 had quit(ted)。2the解析：考查冠词。句意：当她走进教室的时候，教室里一片混乱：两个男孩在角落里打架，而班里剩下的人好像根本没注意到他们；一些女孩在聊天，一些人在到处跑，到处都是纸、食品袋和其他垃圾。the rest of 为固定短语，意为“其余的”。故填 the。3left解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。此处为“with宾语宾补”的复合结构，逻辑主语为 paper, food packages and other garbage，与动词 leave 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填 left。4picked解析：考查动词的时态。句意：萨莉走上讲台，拿起一支粉笔在黑板上写下：“规则1：我们是一家人！”。分析句子结构可知，设空处与 walked 和 wrote 为并列的谓语动词，因此，应用一般过去时，故填 picked。5to look解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：所有学生都停下来看着她。此处指学生停下正在做的事情来看她，stop to do sth. 意为“停下来去做某事”。故填to look。6on/onto解析：考查介词。句意：接下来的几周，萨莉制定了10条班级规则，并把它们张贴在教室的墙上。post.on/onto.意为“把张贴在上”，故填 on 或 onto。7Surprisingly解析：考查词性转换。句意：令人惊讶的是，萨莉并没有像之前的老师那样被赶走，反而赢得了学生们的尊重。设空处在句中作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词。故填 Surprisingly。8instead解析：考查副词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，上下文是对比关系，设空处表示“而不是；相反”。故填instead。9as解析：考查定语从句。句意：在毕业典礼上，正如她所期待的那样，她非常自豪地与一个细心、礼貌并且自信的班级站在一起。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个句子，且位于句首，根据句意可知，设空处表示“正如”。故填 as。10confidence解析：考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处作介词 of 的宾语，应用名词，故填 confidence。convenience n便利；方便；便利的人(事物)(1)for the convenience of.为了方便for(the sake of)convenience 为了方便起见at ones convenience 在方便时；在适宜的地点(2)convenient adj.方便的；便利的It is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人方便做某事(教材原句)England is the largest of the four countries，and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.英格兰是四个国家中最大的，为方便起见，它大体上分成三个区。Please reply _at_ your earliest convenience.请在您方便时尽早答复。Its a great _convenience_ (convenient) to live here._At_ my convenience，I can visit some of my favorite museums.Shopping is convenient _to/for_ my wife._It_ is convenient for my son to go to school，for his school is only two blocks away.If Sunday is _convenient_ (convenience) to/for you，be sure to come to get together.住在这里真方便。我可以抽空去参观我所钟爱的几家博物馆。我妻子购物很方便。我儿子上学也很方便，因为距学校只有两个街区的距离。要是你周日有空，一定要来聚一聚。(1)convenience 意为“方便；便利”时，为不可数名词；作“便利的事物；便利设施”讲时为可数名词。(2)convenient 作表语用时，主语不能是人，常用于It is convenient for sb.to do sth.句型。attract vt.吸引；引起(1)attract ones attention/mind 吸引某人的注意力be attracted by 被所吸引attract sb.to sth.吸引某人关注某事(2)attraction n有趣的东西；吸引人之物have an/no/a little/much attraction for sb.对某人具有/没有/有一点/很有吸引力(3)attractive adj.有吸引力的；引起注意的；引起兴趣的be attractive to 对有吸引力(教材原句)It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.可惜的是，这些建于19世纪的工业城市不吸引游客。(2016四川卷)Even the youngest children in the class _were attracted_ (attract) by the story.甚至班里最小的孩子也被故事吸引。The scenery is so _attractive_ (attract)that it _attracts_ (attract) many tourists attention every year，and it will keep on holding much _attraction_ (attract) for more travellers.这里的风景如此迷人以至于每年都吸引了很多游客的注意力并且将持续吸引更多的游客。单句语法填空(2017北京卷)TOKNOW makes complex ideas _attractive_ (attract) and accessible to children, who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy(哲学)arrange v筹备；安排；整理；布置；排列(1)arrange sth.for sb.为某人安排某事arrange to do sth.安排做某事；约定做某事arrange with sb.to do sth.与某人约定做某事arrange for sb.to do sth.安排某人做某事arrange that.商定；安排(2)arrangement n安排，筹备make arrangements for.安排(教材原句)They had no time to arrange their own wedding，so they had it organized by a company.他们没有时间筹备自己的婚礼，因此他们让一家公司代为组织。Its not necessary for parents to arrange everything _for_ their children.父母没有必要为孩子安排好一切。They made _arrangements_ (arrange) for our journey to Rome.他们为我们到罗马去的旅行筹备一切。单句语法填空(2017全国卷)Last year, Moran worked on a project that _arranged_ (arrange) Fats Wallers music for a dance party.(1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb.to do sth.而不用arrange sb.to do sth.。(2)make arrangements(for sth./for sb.to do sth.)中的arrangement常用复数形式。(3)arrange后接that从句时，从句用“should动词原形”。delight n快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.& vi.(使)高兴，(使)欣喜(1) 使某人(大为)高兴的是take/find/have delight in(doing)sth.以(做)为乐with/in delight 高兴地It is a delight to do sth.做某事是一件令人愉快的事(2)delight sb.with sth.用某物取悦某人(3)delighted adj.高兴的，快乐的be delighted(4)delightful adj.令人愉快的，宜人的(教材原句)Her first delight was going to the Tower.她最想先参观的地方是伦敦塔。Much _to_ my delight，my son _delights_ (delight) in learning English.He _is delighted_ (delight) to listen to English songs and sing after the tape again and again.Yesterday he came home _with_ delight and _delighted_ (delight) me with the good news that he won the first place in an English competition.很让我高兴的是，儿子喜欢学英语了。他喜欢听英语歌曲并且一遍又一遍地跟着唱。昨天他很高兴地回到家并且告诉了我一条让我高兴的消息他在一场英语竞赛中获得第一名。(2016全国卷)I _was delighted_ (delight) at the _presence_ (present) of such a student. 我对这样的学生的到场而高兴。【七选五】The book A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind Obesity and How We Can End It by Deborah Cohen, a senior natural scientist, is very popular now. 1 But according to this book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or being overweight.1. If youre obese, blame your genes. 2 Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible. At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.2. If youre obese, you lack self-control.Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor choices on diet. 3 Even the most vigilant(警觉的) people may not be good controllers of themselves.3. 4 Although the US Department of Agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 percent of Americans live in the food deserts, about 65 percent of the nations population is obese. For most of us, obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruits and vegetables, but to the choices we make in supermarkets.4. The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we dont exercise.Michelle Obamas Lets Move campaign is based on the idea that if kids exercise more, childhood obesity rates will decrease. 5 In fact, although a drop in work-related physical activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased.A. Lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is a cause of obesity.B. Obesity rates have increased.C. Fresh fruits and vegetables we choose in a supermarket are related to obesity.D. But there was no obvious decrease in physical activity levels as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and1990s.E. People hold different views on obesity.F. People benefit a lot from physical activities.G. Our world has become so rich in food that we can be led to consume too much in ways we cant understand.【语篇解读】肥胖是现代社会的主要问题之一。Deborah Cohen 的A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind Obesity and How We Can End It一书中，作者介绍了人们对肥胖问题的几种误解。1.E 【解析】根据下句由转折意义的内容But according to this book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or being overweight.（但该书认为下面几点是关于肥胖的几点误解）可知，人们对肥胖问题观点不一，故E项正确。2.B 【解析】根据下句内容Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible.（然而，在1980年到2000年，美国肥胖的人数就翻了一番。该速度太快，可见肥胖并非遗传因素所致）可知，此处表示肥胖比例有所增加，故B项正确。3.G 【解析】根据上句Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor choices on diet.（研究表明，如果我们面临太多信息，我们很可能会就节食作出糟糕的选择）可知，该句应表示我们现在的食物如此丰富以致于我们会被引导以自己难以想象的方式去消耗食物，故选G项。5.D 【解析】根据下句although a drop in work-related physical activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased.（尽管跟工作相关的体力活动减少导致人们少燃烧多达100卡路里，但休闲体力活动似乎有所增加）可知，在二十世纪八十年代和九十年代，人们的体力活动并未明显减少，故选D项。consist of 由组成(1)由组成(2)consist inlie in 存在于；在于consist with 与一致/相符(3)consistent adj.相容的；一致的be consistent with和一致/相符(教材原句)How many countries does the UK consist of? 联合王国由几个国家组成？(2016天津卷)Students are provided with breakfast，dinner and either a _cooked_ (cook) or packed lunch which _consists_ (consist) of a sandwich，a drink and a dessert.向学生提供早餐和晚餐，和一份做好的或者包装的午餐由三明治、饮料和甜食组成。Life mainly _consists_ (consist) of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist _in_ struggle.Remember that your ideal life does not always consist _with_ the reality.生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成的，而快乐和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。记住，理想的生活并不总是和现实相一致。divide.into 把分成divide.between/among/with.和分担/分配/分享divide.by.用除以divide.in half(two)/into halves 把分成两部分(教材原句)England can be divided into three main areas.英国可以划分为三个主要地区。The prize money will _be divided_ (divide) among the winners.奖金将由获胜者们均分。30 _divided_ (divide) by 6 is 5.30除以6等于5。break down 损坏；破坏；(谈判、希望、计划等)失败，破裂；(化学)分解；垮掉break away(from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离break off 中断；折断break into 闯入break out 爆发；发生break up 驱散；分散；打碎，终止(教材原句)On my way to the station my car broke down.在去车站的路上，我的汽车坏了。A quarrel broke _out_，which made him break away _from_ his family.他与家人发生争吵，这使得他与家人决裂。The police came and broke _up_ the crowds.警察来了，把人群驱散。Breaking _up_ firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves：in time, one of them would become great again.(2017江苏卷)leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑(1)leave.alone 不去打扰(某人)；让(某人)独自待着；别碰(某物)leave.aside 不予考虑；搁置一边leave behind 留下；忘带；遗留leave for 动身去leave off 停止；中断leave over 留下，剩下，延后，推迟leave sb.doing 让某人一直处于某种状态(2)be/feel left out 被冷落；觉得被忽视(冷落)be left over 剩下；残留(教材原句)Which country is left out?哪个国家被漏掉了？You shouldnt leave the boy _alone_；he is too young.你不该把这男孩单独留下，他太小。Lets leave the matter _aside_ for a moment.让我们把这件事搁一会再说。【短文改错】Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards it may make a difference.I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In a beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid make mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out that I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraging，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them. I also joined in an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice made perfect.Now I can talk fluent in English.Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us.【答案】Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards may make a difference.I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt ，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I have avoided them. I also joined an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice perfect.Now I can talk in English.Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us.第一处：itthem。考查代词。根据语境可知，第二句中“towards”的宾语指代的是第一句的主语“Mistakes”，故用them。第二处：athe。考查冠词。根据前一句“I still remember how my spoken English was improved.”可知，该处特指上文中“提高英语口语水平”的开始，故用定冠词。第三处：makemaking。考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.为固定用法，意为“避免做某事”。第四处：thatwhat。考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句，what既作宾语从句的引导词，也作从句中及物动词thought的宾语，而that在从句中不能作成分，故将that改为what。第五处：discouragingdiscouraged。考查形容词。根据从句主语I可知，该处应用discouraged形容人，意为“沮丧的”；discouraging形容事物，意为“令人沮丧的”。 第六处：mustcould。考查情态动词。根据语境可知，该句使用了虚拟语气，表示“过去本能够做却没有做”，故用could have done。第七处：删除in。考查固定搭配。该处指“参加英语俱乐部”，参加某个组织用join，而join in为固定搭配，意为“参加活动”，故删除in。第八处：mademakes。考查主谓一致和时态。句意：熟能生巧。该句为一般真理，故用一般现在时；该句主语为Practice，为不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式，故用makes。第九处：fluentfluently。考查副词。根据该句中的动词“talk”可知，此处修饰动词，故用副词形式。第十处：afraid前加be。考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，该句为祈使句，afraid为形容词，故afraid前加动词原形be。_It seemed strange that_ the man who had developed communism _should have lived_ and died in London.奇怪的是，这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在这里去世。在Itbe/seemsstrange(necessary，important，natural，a pity，a shame.)that.句型中，that所引导的主语从句的谓语动词常用“should动词原形”这种虚拟语气形式，should可以省略。should在这些句型中表示惊讶、气愤、惋惜等情感，意为“竟然，居然”。It is strange that the Turkish military(should) _have shot_ (shoot)down a Russian military aircraft.真是太奇怪了，土耳其军方竟然击落一架俄罗斯军用飞机Its a pity that he _(should)fail_ (fail) to grasp the chance when it arose.机会出现时，他竟然没有抓住，真是遗憾。It seemed as though she _didnt have_ (have) a friend in the world.看起来她好像在这个世界上没有一个朋友。should have done还可以表示过去该做某事，意为“本应该做某事，但实际未做”。(2015福建卷)Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again.Oh，its too bad.You _(should)have made_ (make) full preparations.【阅读理解】From young kids to fitness lovers, to those looking for a laugh, or to families looking for a free movie night, Atlantic Station prepares some days for them to enjoy this year. Tot Spot Each Tuesday morning, Atlantic Stations Central Park transforms into every childs dream playground! From 10：00 am to noon, kids can enjoy games, storytelling, toys, music and some very special things. This event begins on April 5 and lasts through September 27.Wellness Wednesday Each Wednesday from 6：30 pm to 7：30 pm, Atlantic Stations Central Park becomes the perfect place to find quietness of the mind and body while instructors lead guests through exercises including yoga and more. Wellness Wednesday welcomes all ages and skill levels. This event begins on April 6 and lasts through September 28.Improv in the Park Whole World Theatre, Atlantas premier improv group, has once again partnered with Atlantic Station to bring a familyfriendly night of comedy to the Central Park on the first Wednesday of each month until September. Bring a blanket, relax under the stars and prepare to laugh until your stomach hurts! The hourlong show begins at 8：00 pm. This event occurs on April 5, May 4, June 1, July 6 and August 3. Movies in the Central Park Each Thursday night at dusk, guests are invited to bring chairs, blankets, togo snacks and picnics to Atlantic Stations Central Park. All outdoor screenings are available, weather permitting, so keep your fingers crossed for no The Wizard of Oztype storms! Be sure to arrive early to find a good seat. This event starts on May 19 and occurs every Thursday through July 28. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了大西洋站几个可以让人们放松自己、享受生活和获得乐趣的活动。1Mothers can take their kids who like listening to stories to _.ATot Spot BImprov in the ParkCWellness WednesdayDMovies in the Central Park答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据文中第二段中的“From 10：00 am to noon，kids can enjoy games, storytelling, toys, music and some very special things.”可知，从上午10点到中午，在幼儿休闲区(Tot Spot)孩子们可以做游戏、讲故事、玩玩具、听音乐等，结合选项可知，想听故事的孩子们可以去参加Tot Spot活动，故A项正确。2When can you do yoga with an instructor in Atlantic Stations Central Park?AOn each Tuesday from 6：30 pm to 7：30 pm in August.BOn each Tuesday morning from 10：00 am to noon in July.CAt 8：00 pm on April 5, May 4, June 1, July 6 and August 3.DOn each Wednesday at 7：00 pm in June and July.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中的“Each Wednesday from 6：30 pm to 7：30 pm，Atlantic Stations Central Park becomes the perfect place to find quietness of the mind and body while instructors lead guests through exercises including yoga and more”和“This event begins.September 28”可知，4月6日到9月28日的每个星期三下午6：30到7：30，大西洋站中央公园成为人们寻求心灵宁静和身体放松的地方，有指导者带领客人做包括瑜伽和其他活动在内的练习。由此可知，D项符合题意。3What can we learn from the text?AAtlantic Station sets the days for guests to have fun.BTickets for Movies in Central Park are hard to get.CMovies in the Central Park are shown only indoors.DOnly teenagers are welcome to join in WellnessWednesday答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据文章内容，尤其是第一段可知，Atlantic Station为客人安排时间和活动来让他们玩得开心，故A项符合题意。 13
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