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Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note李仕才【阅读理解插花】Some of us feel well-rested after a solid eight hours of sleep. For others, closer to nine feels best. For others still, a little less will do. How much sleep we prefer to get is highly subjective. But how much sleep we need is a bit more concrete. “Sleep time was one of the most visited pages on the NSF website, but it wasnt really clear how those recommendations had been arrived at. ” Max Hirshkowitz, a sleep expert said. To reassure that the information provided there was the most accurate and up to date, a group of 18 experts conducted a formal literature review. They focused on the body of research surrounding sleep duration in healthy human subjects that had been published in peer-reviewed journals between 2004 and 2014. Then they were able to fine-tune existing sleep duration recommendations as detailed below: Newborns (0-3 months): 14-17 hours (range narrowed from 12-18)Infants (4-11 months): 12-15 hours (range widened from 14-15)Toddlers (1-2 years): 11-14 hours (range widened from 12-14)Preschoolers (3-5): 10-13 hours (range widened from 11-13)School-age Children (6-13): 9-11 hours (range widened from 10-11)Teenagers (14-17): 8-10 hours (range widened from 8. 5-9. 5)Young Adults (18-25): 7-9 hours (new age category)Adults (26-64): 7-9 hours (no change)“Its the first time that any professional organization has developed age-specific recommended sleep durations” Hirshkowitz said, “Its not an exact science, but its a start. Like most things, its successive approximation that gets you to the goal. The first time somebody built a wristwatch, it wasnt very good, but after hundreds of years of making precise changes, to have a timepiece that doesnt tell time is pretty unusual. ” As more and more research is conducted around sleep duration, subsequent minor changes will be made, he said, helping experts to zero in on the absolute best recommendations to give to patients. 【文章大意】本文中作者介绍了一些专家通过对发表在2004年到2014年期间杂志上对人们需要多长时间的睡眠给出的科学依据。1. What can we know from the first paragraph? A. The sleep we need is different from person to person. B. The sleep we need is inaccurate in amount. C. The sleep we need is uncertain in length. D. The sleep we need is unimportant in significance. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。第一段提到有的人睡8小时就会精力充沛, 有的人则更多, 也有的人会更少, 由此可判断出我们需要的睡眠时长是因人而异的。2. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “duration” in Paragraph 3? A. Habit. B. Period. C. Quality. D. Problem. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据下文列出的不同人群的睡眠时间可知该词指“期间, 持续的时间”。3. The example of the wristwatch shows that _. A. nothing is perfectB. everything is difficult at the beginningC. continuous effort makes perfectD. practice makes perfect【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据本段中的“Like most things, its successive approximation that gets you to the goal. ”和下文的解释可知是人们对手表进行不断的改进和完善才有了如今精准的手表, 这说明事物都需要一个逐步完善和改进的过程。4. What is the writers purpose of writing this passage? A. To tell people how important sleep quality is. B. To tell people how much sleep we need. C. To tell people how sleep experts do experiments. D. To tell people how sleep affects health. 【解析】选B。目的意图题。文章开头介绍了人们需要不同时间的睡眠, 然后介绍了NSF网站对不同年龄群体所需睡眠时间的建议, 由此判断选B。 教材与语法填空根据教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Sailing home, Henry, an American businessman, found himself 1. (carry) out to sea by a strong wind. When he was just about to give himself up, he 2. (spot) by a ship and he landed in London 3. accident. Hungry and alone, he walked on the streets of the city when he was 4. (expect) called into a mansion，5. two rich brothers, Oliver and Roderick, gave him 6. letter and told him not to open it until two oclock of the day. Not 7. (know) it was a million pound bank note, Henry left the mansion and went into a cheap restaurant to stuff his stomach. Everybody was rude to him because he was in 8. (rag) and looked depressed. Then, to the surprise of everybody, he handed the owner a million pound bank note to pay for the meal. On seeing the note, all the people in the restaurant became polite and tried 9. (they) best to please Henry. Dont you think its the 10. (incredible) tale in the world?答案：1.carried2.was spotted3.by4.unexpectedly5.where6.a7.knowing8.rags9.their 10most incredible 教材与话题写作()用本单元所学知识完成下列句子。1马克吐温，成长于美国中部的密苏里州，是19世纪美国最著名的作家之一。(bring up) 答案：Mark Twain was one of the best known American writers in the nineteenth century and was brought up in Missouri in the middle part of the United States.2他的家乡在密西西比河河畔，马克吐温在那里度过了他的童年。成年后，起初未经父亲同意，他冒险在密西西比河的船上当过一段时间的水手。(take a chance; permit) 答案：His hometown lay on the banks of the Mississippi River, where he spent his childhood. When he grew up, he took a chance to work as a sailor on a river boat for some time, which was not permitted by his father at first.3在征求了父亲的一些有用的建议后，他决定当一名作家。这一职业帮他赚了很多钱。(seek; an amount of) 答案：After seeking some useful advice from his father, he decided to become a writer, which helped him make an amount of money.4他的作品有一种讽刺(wry)意味的幽默，这就是全世界读者深深喜爱他的作品的原因。(account for) 答案：There is a wry sense of humor in his works, which accounted for the reason why his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.()将以上句子连成短文，要求衔接连贯、过渡自然。 【完形填空插花】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。When I was young，I thought that kindness was a beneficial thing.I _1_ that I could just give what I thought others _2_ and I would get a one way ticket to Happyville (快乐小镇). This thought process was _3_ changed when I suffered from clinical depression. _4_ became obvious that what I needed，as everyone did，was just the _5_ to love oneself. Apart from that，I had to learn how to make deeper and more meaningful connections _6_ people.My struggle with mental health was something that _7_ into a campaign to let every single person know that they _8_ and couldnt be replaced.At high school，it could be _9_ to convey this idea，but I _10_ pursued my passions (激情). The _11_ of my effort were the habits and traditions I had created to help _12_：Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and _13_ them to those who seemed to need a pickmeup.I tried to _14_ as many names as I possibly could.I had started a club which gave students a _15_ place to express themselves and learn _16_ to apply empathy(同感，共鸣) in their everyday lives. On my personal social media account, I posted weekly _17_ to inspire both myself and my friends.When I go off the college this year，Ill be working towards a degree in college.This will help me start a nonprofit foundation in the future.My _18_ goal is to prove that the world is not a collection of _19_ problems，but something that can be changed by even the _20_ actions.1A.wondered BfiguredCdoubted Dpredicted2A.wanted BignoredClost Dordered3A.unfortunately BtotallyCregularly Daccurately4A.It BTheyCHe DThis5A.ability BdesireCbelief Dreason6A.for BwithCfrom Dabout7A.fell BdividedCbroke Dturned8A.mattered BexistedCsurvived Dsucceeded9A.difficult BfunnyCdifferent Dperfect10A.casually BbrieflyCfirmly Dsurely11A.difficulty BpurposeCfruits Dmethod12A.strangers BteenagersCfriends Dfamilies13A.led BlentCpassed Dlimited14A.write BmemorizeCprepare Drecall15A.quiet BimportantClarge Dsafe16A.how BwhatCwhere Dwhen17A.discussions BsuggestionsCexperience Dtheories18A.final BprimaryCsimple Dgrand19A.complex BunsolvableCunknown Dterrible20A.latest BlaziestCslowest Dsmallest【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者与抑郁症作斗争的经历使他转变了思想，并用实际行动来帮助青少年和朋友们。他告诉大家，每个人都同样重要并且不可替代。因此我们必须做出行动，因为即使是最小的行动都可以产生影响。1B考查动词辨析。句意为：我以为只要我能给予别人我认为他们想要的东西，我就能得到一张去快乐小镇的单程票。A项意为“想知道”；B项意为“认为，以为”；C项意为“怀疑”；D项意为“预测”。短文第一句说明了作者小时候的想法，即作者认为善良是一件有益的事情，然后接着详细地解释他的想法。B项符合语境。故选B。2A考查动词辨析。A项意为“想要”；B项意为“忽视”；C项意为“丢失”；D项意为“命令，订购”。此处指作者认为给予别人他认为别人需要的东西，他就会快乐。A项符合语境。故选A。3B考查副词辨析。A项意为“不幸地”；B项意为“完全地”；C项意为“定期地”；D项意为“准确地”。由下文可知，因为作者的临床抑郁症，作者以前给予别人想要的东西的想法变成了努力用他的想法去影响别人，改变别人，所以此处表达的是“这个思维过程完全变了”。B项符合语境。故选B。4A考查代词辨析。此处为句型“It becomes/becameadj.that从句”，代词it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。故选A。5A考查名词辨析。A项意为“能力”；B项意为“渴望”；C项意为“信念”；D项意为“理由”。ability to do sth.表示“做某件事的能力”，根据语境可知，作者所需要的和每个人所需要的一样，就是爱自己的能力。A项符合语境。故选A。6B考查介词辨析。句意为：除了这一点，我必须学会如何与人们建立更深、更有意义的联系。make connection with.是固定短语，表示“与建立联系”。故选B。7D考查动词短语辨析。各选项所给动词均可与介词into构成固定搭配：fall into意为“跌入”；divide into意为“分成”；break into意为“闯入”；turn into意为“变成”。由上文可知，作者的思维过程改变了，产生了新的想法，因此作者表达的是他在心理健康方面的挣扎变成了一场运动。turn into符合语境。故选D。8A考查动词辨析。A项意为“重要，有关系”；B项意为“存在”；C项意为“幸存”；D项意为“成功”。根据空格后面的“and couldnt be replaced”可推知，此处表达的是“让每个人都知道他们很重要，无法被替代”。A项符合语境。故选A。9A考查形容词辨析。A项意为“困难的”；B项意为“滑稽的”；C项意为“不同的”；D项意为“完美的”。由转折连词but和第二个分句的内容可知，此处指的是“在高中，很难传递这个想法”。A项符合语境。故选A。10C考查副词辨析。A项意为“随意地”；B项意为“简短地”；C项意为“坚定地”；D项意为“确信地”。根据but表示转折可知，此处应表达“但是我坚定地追随我的激情”。C项符合语境。故选C。11C考查名词辨析。上文提到虽然在学校作者很难传递自己的思想，但是他不放弃，由此可知，作者努力的结果就是他创造了帮助的习惯和传统。此处fruits表示“结果，成果”，符合语境。故选C。12B考查名词辨析。 .Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and _ them to those who seemed to need a pickmeup.(第二段第三句) 译文：每个星期五，我带着作业的奖品来到学校，把它们发给那些似乎需要提神的孩子们。由关键句可以推断，作者帮助的是那些青少年们。teenager意为“青年，青少年”，符合语境。故选B。13C考查动词辨析。pass sth.to sb.是固定短语，意为“把传递/分发蛤某人”，此处表达的是作者把带来的作业奖品发给那些需要提神的孩子们。故选C。14B考查动词辨析。A项意为“写”；B项意为“记住”；C项意为“准备”；D项意为“回忆”。由语境可知，作者想帮助青少年，所以他尽可能多地记住他们的名字。故选B。15D考查形容词辨析。作者建立了一个俱乐部，学生们在这里可以表达自己的想法，由此可知这是一个安全的地方，学生们能够畅所欲言。safe意为“安全的”，符合语境。故选D。16A考查连接词辨析。此处为“疑问词不定式”结构作宾语。由语境可知，作者想让学生学会如何把表达的情感运用到日常生活中。how意为“怎样，如何”，符合语境。故选A。17B考查名词辨析。A项意为“讨论”；B项意为“建议”；C项意为“经验”；D项意为“理论”。在作者的个人社交网络账号上，作者每周发出的用于激励自己和朋友的帖子应是建议之类的内容。B项符合语境，其余各项均与语境不符。故选B。18A考查形容词辨析。This will help me start a nodprofit foundation in the future.(最后一段第二句)译文：这将帮助我在将来建立一个非盈利基金会。由关键句可知，作者一直坚持自己的信仰和做法，那么接着说的就是他的最终目标。final意为“最后的，最终的”，符合语境。故选A。19B考查形容词辨析。A项意为“复杂的”；B项意为“难以解决的”；C项意为“未知的”；D项意为“糟糕的”。由语境可知，作者的最终目标是要证明这个世界不是无法解决的问题的集合体。unsolvable与下文的“can be changed”相衔接且符合语境。故选B。20D考查形容词最高级辨析。A项意为“最新的”；B项意为“最懒的”；C项意为“最慢的”；D项意为“最小的”。由本句中的“even”可知，此处指的是甚至是最小的行动都会改变一些事情。D项符合语境。故选D。 下面是李华的一篇作文，文中有五处错误，改正错误并背诵该文。Mark Twain, one of the best known American writers in the nineteenth century, brought up in Missouri in the middle part of the United States.Mark Twains hometown lay on the banks of the Mississippi River, where he spent his childhood. When he grew up, he took a chance to work as a sailor on a river boat for some time, which was not permitted by his father at the first. After seeking some useful advices from his father, he decided to become a writer, which helped him making an amount of money.There is a wry sense of humor in his works, which accounted for the reason because his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.答案：Mark Twain, one of the best known American writers in the nineteenth century， brought up in Missouri in the middle part of the United States.Mark Twains hometown lay on the banks of the Mississippi River, where he spent his childhood. When he grew up, he took a chance to work as a sailor on a river boat for some time, which was not permitted by his father at first. After seeking some useful from his father, he decided to become a writer, which helped him an amount of money.There is a wry sense of humor in his works, which accounted for the reason his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world. 8
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