2019版高考英语二轮复习 专题限时集训12 阅读七选五之说明文（Ⅱ）（含解析）

专题限时集训(十二)阅读七选五之说明文()A(2018安徽省知名师范高中质检)It is very important for kids to be courageous.A brave child is more likely to withstand negative peer pressure，say no to temptations(诱惑)and fight the good fight. 1 It boosts kidsresilience(适应力)，confidence and willpower as well as their learning，performance and school engagement.Here are several ways to develop kids courage：Set a model of courage，kids who watch their parents stick their necks out to do the right thing are more likely to do the same. 2 Then express how good it feels when you conquer your fears instead of taking a shortcut.Your kids will learn how to take on the tough challenge they face by witnessing how you tackle your fears. 3 Research finds that kids are more likely to be courageous if they believe that their parents encourage them to support those in need，discuss bravery with your kids: tell them “Courage is making the choice to do what you know is right even if you are afraid.”Ask your kids to share their acts of bravery.Learning to be brave takes practice，so encourage your children to do something courageous every day. 4 A mom I talked to had her kids share their brave deeds at dinner time.Teach your kids how to reduce their fears.If not kept under control，fears can be powerful. 5 You might encourage positive self-talk，such as saying “I can handle this” or “I have courage to do this”Or teach your children to take slow，deep breaths to find courage.ATalk about values and courage.BCourage has other surprising benefits.CThe good news is that courage can be taught.DTeach your children simple strategies to be brave.ELet your children see you step out of your comfort zone.FIn todays uncertain world，kids will need courage and confidence.GThen take time to focus on their courageous breakthroughs.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四个培养孩子勇气的方法。1B根据上文可知，一个勇敢的孩子更能承受压力、拒绝诱惑，更能够为了信仰和原则而斗争；根据空处后一句可知，勇气能提高孩子的适应力、信心和毅力。据此可以判断，空处承上启下，说明勇气还有其他的益处，故选B。2E本段讲述榜样的作用。根据空处后一句可知，要向你的孩子表达克服恐惧而非走捷径的感觉是多么棒。据此可以判断，空处说明要让你的孩子看到你走出舒适区，故选E。3A根据位置可知，该空为该段的主题句。通读该段内容，尤其是该段最后一句可知，要与你的孩子讨论勇气，告诉他们勇气是即使你害怕也选择去做你认为正确的事。据此可知，该段主要陈述培养勇气的方法：和孩子讨论价值观和勇气，故选A。4G根据空处后一句可知，一位“我”与之交谈过的母亲让她的孩子晚饭时分享他们自己的勇敢行为。据此可知，空处陈述与此对应的父母的做法：要花时间专注于孩子的勇敢突破，故选G。5D根据空处后一句可知，你可能会鼓励孩子进行积极的自我对话，比如说，“我可以处理这件事”或“我有勇气做这件事”。据此可以判断，空处是说要教会你的孩子变得勇敢的一些简单的方法，故选D。B(2018广州市调研测试)China has been the birthplace of many of the worlds greatest inventions.It was，for example，the first country to produce paper money.Before the invention of paper money and coins，people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling. 6 This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering. 7 In 1200 BC，people in China began to use shells (贝壳)as money.Usually the shells used as money were very small. This made it easier for people to carry money over long distances，and allowed for trade to develop between different parts of the country.In the years which followed this invention，many other countries around the world began to do the same. 8 The next development was in 1000 BC，when China started making bronze and copper shells. It wasnt long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal. 9 By 500 BC，metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece，and later in the Roman Empire.About 1,000 years later，leather was used as money in China，and in 806 AD，the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people. 10 APeople also began collecting foreign coins as souvenirs.BHowever，as economies developed，such exchanges became impractical.CIt was still many years before paper currency appeared in Europe.DThey also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling.EAs time went by，trade between countries increased.FDuring that time，for example，buying a chicken might cost several potatoes.GThe very first coins often had holes in them so that people could string them together.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要按照时间顺序讲述了中国和世界上其他国家货币发展的历史。6F根据空前的“people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling”及空后的“This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering”可知，此处主要讲的是“物物交换”，F项中的buying a chicken might cost several potatoes是“物物交换”的一个例子，符合题意，故选F。7B本文第一段讲的是“物物交换”；根据空后的句子可知，第二段讲的是“贝壳作为货币使用”，故此空的作用是承上启下。B项中的such exchanges与第一段最后一句中的This exchange相呼应，且B项中的However以及impractical表明“物物交换”有局限性，所以出现了更加方便携带的贝壳货币，故选B。8D根据第二段内容及空前的“many other countries around the world began to do the same”可知，许多其他国家也开始这样做了。to do the same指的就是“也开始用贝壳作为买卖的货币”，故D项“他们也使用小贝壳作为货币进行买卖”符合题意，故选D。9G根据空前的句子可知，中国出现了金属制成的圆形钱币；根据空后的句子可知，到公元前500年这种金属钱币开始在其他国家出现。故空处应是解释这种金属钱币在其他国家出现的原因，故选G项“这种首次出现的钱币上通常有孔以便人们把它们串起来”。10C根据空前的句子可知，此处讲到了纸币首先由中国人创造，故C项“很多年后纸币才出现在欧洲”与此处衔接紧密，故选C。 C(2018呼和浩特市调研考试)How to Calm Down at WorkThe workplace can be a stressful place.Anxiety，conflict，bad management and overwork can lead to frustration and stress. 11 Keep something you like to look at within sight.A photo of a loved one or a favorite personal souvenir is the best example.Keep such an item somewhere you can glance at it whenever you wish to do so. 12 Take a moment to engage in exercise.If youre unable to leave your work area，stand and stretch for a moment.Muscle tension exercises can also help you calm down. 13 For instance，start by squeezing all of your face muscles as tightly as you can for twenty seconds and slowly releasing them.Write down the reason why you are upset. 14 Getting your thoughts and feelings out on paper can help clarify the issue youre having.Writing down your thoughts can even help you determine the best way to address your frustration or anxiety and move forward. 15 If you and another co-worker are constantly frustrated with one another，set up a time to speak with him or her.Say something like，“Hey，Sarah，lets sit down sometime soon and chat to make sure were on the same page about our upcoming project.”ATurn to your workmates for help.BCommunicate with your workmates.CA vase of flowers on your desk is another good example.DFocus on one particular muscle or muscle group at a time.EHere are the steps you can take to help you calm down at work.FEngage your body by rolling your head，shoulder，and ankles while sitting.GThe best way to figure out exactly whats bothering you is to write it down.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了能帮助人在工作中镇静下来的一些方法。11E上文说工作场所可能是一个充满压力的地方，忧虑、冲突、糟糕的管理和过度工作可能会导致沮丧和压力。E项“这儿就有一些你可以采纳来帮助你在工作中镇静下来的措施”与上文语义衔接且符合下文的叙述，故选E。12C本段主要叙述的是放一些你喜欢的东西在视力范围内，而C项说在桌上放一瓶花就是另外一个好的例子，承接上文，故选C。13D上文说肌肉伸展训练能够帮助你镇静下来，而D项说一次关注一个特定(部位)的肌肉或肌肉群，前后语义衔接，故选D。14G上文说写下你沮丧的原因，而G项说准确地弄清使你烦恼的原因的最好方法就是把它写下来，与上文逻辑一致，故选G。空前的write down也是提示词。15B根据空处所在位置可知，空处为段落主题句。本段讲的是如果你和你的同事一直对彼此感到失望，那就找些时间和你的同事交流一下。B项“与你的同事交流”概括准确，故选B。D(2018南宁二中、柳州高中两校联考)Good Money HabitsIts the right time for a financial plan.Most plans are made in extreme excitementwhen you get a pay rise，or after reading a self-help book. 16 Here are some tips that will help you stay the course all year round.Take baby steps.The other day a colleague said，“ I have decided to wake up at 6：30 am.，starting tomorrow.”But she usually woke up at 8：30.Two hours earlier is a difficult task.After a few days I asked her how she was progressing.Her disappointed smile said it all. 17 If she had considered pushing the clock by 5 minutes every 10 days，shed reach her 6：30 am.goal in eight months.Get the idea? Now simply replace time with savings.Tell apart a plan from a habit.We made plans with a conscious mind，and habits are formed so that eventually they are dealt with by our subconscious mind；and they stick.So dont be in a rush to invest(投资)your money.Go with a systematic investment plan (SIP)of a mutual fund or start a recurring deposit (RD)As human beings，we want to progress. 18 Get your familys support. 19 If your daughter knows that she can only eat out one weekend a month because you are putting money away for a European trip in 2018，she will be much more cooperative and feel she is a part of the decision. 20 Link your investment to a particular financial goal；your commitment to it will be stronger.A client decided to open a RD，but she seemed directionless about the investment.Once we suggested that she link it to her daughters education fund，she immediately increased the amount she was investing.When you name your investment，the goal takes on a greater meaning.AGive your goal a meaning.BBut soon the charm dies down，and so does the enthusiasm.CIts a good idea to involve your family in your financial plan.DLook at them as a promise to yourself，a promise that needs to be honored.EI suggested that she set her alarm for 5 minutes before her regular time.FIf you know this well in advance，you are less likely to buy an expensive mobile phone on an urge.GOnce a habit is formed，we want to move ahead and will most probably increase the investment amount without any encouragement.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何养成良好的理财习惯。16B空处上文提到是时候做个理财计划了，但是很多计划是在极度兴奋的情况下做出的；空处下文提到下文是一些帮助你坚持自己的计划的建议，因此可知，B项“但是很快(计划的)魅力逐渐消失，热情也是如此”符合语境。17E本句承上启下。空前讲作者看到一位同事失望的表情；且根据空后的“如果她考虑每隔十天把闹钟提前五分钟的话”可知，空处就是作者的建议，因此E项与此处匹配。18G根据本段标题Tell apart a plan from a habit可知，本段讲要区分开计划和习惯，G项“一旦形成一个习惯，我们就想前进，并且不用任何激励就很可能提升投资量”符合语境。G项中的move ahead也与progress呼应。19C根据本段标题Get your familys support和空后的If your daughter knows可推知，此处表示“让家人加入到理财计划中是个好主意”，故C项与此处匹配。20A本空为段落标题。根据下文的a particular financial goal及所举例子可知，有了理财目标还不够，需要给它一个意义。因此A项能够概括该段。 EAre you happy? There are so many factors to consider when answering that question.But here we are going to focus on the four things you can do to improve your happiness. 21 Humans have evolved to focus on the negative(消极的)If we overlearn a bad situation，were more ready to avoid those situations in the future.But，that isnt always helpful in a modern world.When something bad happens，we tend to overanalyze and have trouble getting our mind off it. 22 A little self-investigation (自我调查)can help us get over the thoughts that just wont leave our heads otherwise.Forgive yourself.If youre sympathetic and supportive of other people，why shouldnt you give yourself the same treatment? This can be a difficult concept for those who beat themselves up when they failed to do something.Try writing yourself a letter of sympathy just as you would do to a neighbor or friend who had experienced a hardship. 23 Money helps，but only to a point.A study from a few years ago clearly named the amount of money at which happiness reaches the highest point: $75,000 per year. 24 Studies have shown this is possible in every type of job.Buy more time.If given the choice between buying material things and buying services that save your time，you might want to think about the timesavers.Researchers found that people who spent money on conveniences like ordering takeout for dinner or getting a cab were happier than those who didnt. 25 Yes，this is permission to order a pizza for dinner tonight.ADefeat your negative thinking.BTo help others is to help yourself.CIf you can afford it，buy yourself some extra.DThe concept is the same，only the receiver is you.EThe trick to avoiding terrible things is to challenge our negative thoughts.FHappiness is fair to everyone and the key to this is how you understand it.GA more helpful way to look at this idea is to find purpose and meaning at work.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。幸福是每个人所追求的，但得到幸福是不易的，本文从几个方面介绍了人们可以获得幸福的小法则。21A根据空处的位置可知，此处应是小标题，第二段主要介绍了要克服对负面的过度关注，人们才能获得幸福，因此A项Defeat your negative thinking符合语境。22E根据空处前一句和空处后一句介绍摆脱这些消极想法的方法可知，E项“避开这些糟糕事情的窍门在于去挑战我们的消极思想”符合语境。23D根据本段的小标题可知，本段主要讲的是对自己适当宽容一些，再根据空处前一句可知，此处是在说像对待他人一样，给自己写一封慰问信，而D项与该段落主旨吻合。24G根据该段小标题以及本段中的最后一句可知G项符合语境。另外，G项中的work和最后一句中的job相呼应，也是提示。25C本段主要围绕为能节省时间的服务付钱，能让自己拥有更多的时间，C项表示如果你能负担得起这种服务，给自己买回更多的时间吧，与主旨吻合。7