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The United Kingdom李仕才一、阅读理解。Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.Ethos is a speakers way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, youre more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.Pathos is a speakers way of connecting with an audiences emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.1.What is the purpose of persuasion?A. To advise somebody to support you.B. To help someone have special skillC. To convince somebody to realize his aim.D. To talk someone into being honest.2.What is a speakers way of convincing the audience to trust him?A. Pathos.B. Ethos.C. Logos.D. Education.3.What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt.B. Both save people from terrible wars.C. Both make the audience support them.D. Both persuade people to donate money.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Convince the AudienceB. Three Basic Tools of PersuasionC. Believe MeD. Strength of Persuasion【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了源自于古希腊且一直沿用至今的说服他人的艺术，其中包括ethos、pathos、logos三种方式以及用这三种方式说服他人在各个领域应用的可能性。1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish.”可知，说服是为了建议人们支持你。故选A。3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from aterrible war.”和最后一句“Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.”可知，政治家可能会说他会独自一人从可拍的战争中挽救一个国家为了说服观众为他投票，动物慈善机构向观众展示受伤的猫或者狗的图片是为了让观众感到可怜，更可能捐款。因此可知，政治家和慈善机构的共同之处是他们都想让听众支持他们。故选C。4.B 【解析】标题判断题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了说服人的艺术，包括ethos、pathos、logos三中不同的方式，以及这三种方式在各个领域应用的可能性。因此推断B项“说服的三种基本方式”为最佳标题，概况了文章中心主旨。故选B。二、单句语法填空1. To his great (delighted)，his son passed the College Entrance Examination with firstclass honors.答案：delight2A number of visitors from all over the world are by the scenery.(attract)答案：attracted; attractive3(2018大同质量检测)The printing machines are always breaking ， which annoys him a lot.答案：down4It is strange that the wellbehaved gentleman (be) so rude to that old lady.答案：(should) be5Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest (convenient)答案：convenience6With their wedding approaching, they are busy making good (arrange) for it.答案：arrangements7 (divide) into four groups, the whole class began to discuss the topic.答案：Divided8The football team, (consist) of 22 players and three coaches, was set up about 3 years ago.答案：consisting9In the job interviews, job applicants often find themselves (ask) unexpected questions, some very difficult to answer.答案：asked10We paid a visit to Guilin, whose beauty was beyond (describe)答案：description三、完形填空。On the night of October 16th，coming up at ten oclock, my mother prepared what would be my fathers last meal.That week he worked _1_ shifts.He started at midnight.Just after 2 am，the group went for coffee.There was a _2_ that always had to be operated and he said，“Its okay.You guys all _3_ and Ill work it.”The machine would _4_ quickly，occasionally，for one moment Dad made a _5_he didnt pay attention, and his head was stuck in the machine.In panic，the workers _6_ back and cut the base of the machine and transported it with him in the ambulance.Mother was _7_ that there was an accident and to meet at the _8_.My oldest brother Ken，then sixteen, _9_mother there，and my other brother Bob，then fourteen，stayed with me at home.Father died on the road.When we were overcome with the _10_，a spokesperson for the hospital _11_ my mother if they could take one of my fathers eyesthey had a person _12_ it.My mother replied，“Yes！”Years later，in the late summer，I was at the Woodlawn Cemetery where my fathers body rests.As I finished _13_ and stood，a man from behind me said，“How are you now，Frank？”Knowing only the _14_，and his friends and coworkers called him “Frank”，I _15_ thought that this man must have _16_ him.As I turned to face him，I replied，“Hes my father.”This man，Frank Bazylak，as I would learn later，replied, “I _17_ with your father for a short time，just over a year，but he made an impact on my life.He was so powerful，so _18_ and so giving.You know，he wasnt meant to be there that day.But that was Frank.”Almost four decades later and from a _19_，there in the cemetery.Id heard _20_ stories about my father.1A.morning BnoonCnight Dafternoon2A.duty BjobCtruck Dmachine3A.stay BgoChide Dwatch4A.move BbreakCchange Dfly5A.decision BdifferenceClife Dmistake6A.walked BrushedClooked Dturned7A.warned BmindedCinformed Dthreatened8A.factory BofficeChospital Dworkplace9A.comforted BurgedCcalmed Ddrove10A.sorrow BincidentCtrouble Dtreatment11A.suggested BaskedCpuzzled Dembarrassed12A.caring about Bsuffering fromCturning to Dwaiting for13A.blessing BmissingCpraying Dchatting14A.family BdoctorsCcompany Dpolicemen15A.slowly BquicklyCnervously Dcarefully16A.respected BlovedCrecognized Dknown17A.discussed BquarreledCworked Dagreed18A.clever BconsiderateCmodest Dstrict19A.stranger BfriendCcolleague Dbrother20A.wonderful BcheerfulCsad Dfalse【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的爸爸在工厂发生事故后去世，妈妈在医院同意捐献他的一只眼睛。最后通过与一位陌生人的对话说明了父亲的美德。【核心词汇】shift n轮班operate v操作，动手术occasionally adv.偶尔，间或stuck adj.卡住的，无法移动的panic n恐慌transport v运输overcome vt.克服，控制coworker n同事impact n作用，影响decade n十年1C根据第一段第一句中的“On the night”和空后的“He started at midnight”可知，爸爸应该是上夜班。所以选C。2D根据空后的“had to be operated”和“Ill work it”可知，此处应是一台机器需要一直有人操作。另外第三段第一句中的“The machine would _4_ quickly”也是提示。3B根据第二段第一句中的“the group went for coffee”以及最后一句中的“Ill work it”可推断，此处指离开(去喝咖啡)，故选B项。4A根据语境可知，此处是指这台机器运转(move)很快。5D根据空后内容可知，此处指爸爸犯了一个错误。6B根据上文可知，其他人都去喝咖啡了，所以爸爸的头卡在机器里时，他们应该是快速赶(rushed)回。7C根据常识可知，爸爸发生事故，这时应是通知妈妈到医院去，所以选C。warn“警告，提醒”；mind“介意”；inform“告知，通知”；threaten“威胁，恐吓”。8C参见上题解析。9D根据语境并结合选项可知，妈妈要到医院去，所以哥哥开车送妈妈去那里。comfort“安慰”；urge“催促”；calm“使平静”；drive“驾车送(人)”。10A根据上文可知，父亲的去世使我们处于悲痛之中。be overcome with.“受到的极大影响”。11B根据空后内容可知，此处应是询问(asked)妈妈的意见。puzzle“使困惑”；embarrass“使窘迫”。12D根据语境可以推断，此处是指一个病人(一直)在等待(waiting for)(有人捐献)眼睛来治疗(自己的眼睛)。care about“关心”；suffer from“遭受”；turn to“转向，求助于”。13C根据空前的“at the Woodlawn Cemetery”并结合生活常识可知，“我”在墓地完成祷告(praying)。bless“祝福，保佑”。14A根据空后内容并结合语境可知，“我”知道只有家人、爸爸的朋友和同事叫他Frank。所以选项A符合语境。company“同伴”。15B根据上文内容可知，“我”应是迅速地(quickly)认为这个人一定是认识(known)爸爸的。nervously“神经紧张地”。16D参见上题解析。17C根据空后的“for a short time，just over a year, but he made an impact on my life”和下文中的“he wasnt meant to be there that day”可推知，这个人应该是爸爸的同事，所以空处应指与爸爸一起工作过。quarrel“吵架”。18B根据空前的“powerful”和空后的“giving”同时结合上文已经介绍的爸爸让所有的同事去喝咖啡，自己一个人留下操作机器以及倒数第二段最后一句可知，爸爸也是一个体贴的(considerate)人。modest“谦虚的”。19A根据文章倒数第二至三段可知，“我”在墓地遇到的人于“我”而言是一位陌生人。colleague“同事”。20A本段是结尾段，也是全文的总结性段落，根据倒数第二段内容可知，文章主要介绍了爸爸的优秀品质。故此处应指“我”听到了令人惊叹的故事。wonderful“令人惊叹的”符合语境。四、单句改错1Worry that he might lose his job, Peter always works extra hours to please his boss. 答案：WorryWorried2When first was introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 答案：去掉was3I cannot tell you how delighting I was with the beautiful birthday present you gave me. 答案：delightingdelighted4Our manager is going to attend an international conference. You can take place of him in his absence. 答案：take后加the5The most important words in this sentence have left out, so it doesnt make any sense. 答案：在left前加been五、单元语法过去分词作宾补1(2018四川雅安中学期末) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see (carry) out the next year.答案：carried2It was a pity that the guests left most of the dishes (untouch)答案：untouched3They have already had some everyday words (add) to the new edition of the dictionary.答案：added4Alex was listening attentively to the lecture given by Professor Smith，with all his attention (fix) on it.答案：fixed5The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself (hear)答案：heard 7
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