2022年考博英语-全国医学统考考前模拟强化练习题28（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-全国医学统考考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题问题1选项A.Japan.tB.France. tC.The UK. tD.South Korea.问题2选项A.Low obesity rates.B.Inadequate health resources.C.Advanced medical technology.D.High levels of alcohol consumption.问题3选项A.Obesity rates in different countries.B.Dietary patterns in different countries.C.Life expectancy in different countries.D.Alcohol consumption in different countries.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C【解析】第1题:男性说到“A new analysis found that by the year 2030, the South Korea will be the leader with an average life expectancy of 90 years”，说明韩国人的预期寿命会在2030年领先。第2题:最后一句说到“But in the UK, there has been a lot more drinking”，说明在英国，喝酒的现象很多，因此D选项“大量饮酒”正确。第3题:对话以一个问句“which country do you think has the current highest life expectancy（你认为哪个国家的预期寿命最高）”开头，再讲到了日本、韩国、英国及法国的一些情况，说明本段对话讲的主题就是各个国家的预期寿命情况，C选项正确。2. 单选题6.问题1选项A.SundayB.TuesdayC.ThursdayD.Saturday【答案】C【解析】M: Im usually on the job Monday, Tuesday and Friday from 1 to 5 P.M. and Wednesday from 3 to 6 P.M.W: Do you work on weekends too?M: Yes, but only in the morning.Q: What day is the man off duty?【解析】对话中，男士的工作时间为周一、周二、周五下午1点到5点，周三下午3点到6点，周六、日清晨。因此只有周四他不用上班。3. 单选题If the thought of leaving home without your mobile phone causes you to（ ）cold sweat, you could be suffering from nomophobia: the fear of having no mobile phone.问题1选项A.break intoB.break outC.break throughD.break up【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. break into 闯入 B. break out 爆发；突发C. break through 突破；突围 D. break up 打碎；破碎；结束；解散【答案】B【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】如果离开家不带手机的想法会使你冷汗，你可能患上了无手机综合症：对没有手机感到恐惧。由本题句意可知应该是冒冷汗，B选项“爆发；突发”可引申为该句所需要的含义，因此选B。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合句意。【句意】如果离开家不带手机的想法会使你出一身冷汗，那你可能患上了“无手机恐惧症”：对没有手机感到恐惧。4. 单选题 There may be no better example of what is meant by preventive medicine than the strategy of Vaccination. A healthy person is given a tiny taste of a virusflu or polio, saythats too weak to cause illness but just enough to introduce the body to the pathogen. If the virus later shows up for real, the immune system is primed and waiting for it. Thats close to how a cancer vaccine works, but not precisely. Most experts see cancer vaccines as a hybrid of treatment and prevention. While its true that the U. S. Food and Drug Administration has approved vaccines against cervical and liver cancer, both are designed to fight the viruses most responsible for causing the disease, as opposed to targeting cancer itselfhuman papilloma virus (HPV;人乳头瘤病毒) in the case of cervical cancer and hepatitis B in the case of liver tumors. Using vaccines to prevent nonviral cancers in someone who is disease-free is a whole different mater. For one thing, its much more difficult to determine a persons chance of developing a particular type of cancer than it is to determine the likelihood of being exposed to, say, the influenza virus or chicken pox. What passes for “exposure” in the case of nonviral cancers is a combination of genes and environment and a range of other X factors that can vary from person to person. How do you vaccinate against your family legacy of breast cancer or your constant exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke? But that doesnt mean the immune system cant be exploited in a different way. Cancer vaccines would ideally be used in patients whose disease has already been diagnosed and treated with surgery, chemotherapy or radiation. They would then be immunized as a way to prevent the cancer from coming back and spreading. Such metastases are actually the leading cause of death from cancer. “The charm of working with the immune system is that we can use the bodys own defense mechanisms to possibly get to that last cancer cell or at least create a surveillance system that keeps that cancer under control,” says an oncologist.1. The first paragraph is meant to describe（ ）.2. Which of the following is true of vaccines against cancer?3. According to the passage, why is it difficult to use vaccines to prevent non-viral cancers?4. From the context, what does the author suggest by saying “passes for exposure”?5. We can conclude from the last paragraph that（ ）.问题1选项A.the evolution of vaccinationB.the mechanism of vaccinationC.the significance of vaccinationD.the popularization of vaccination问题2选项A.They are both therapeutic and preventive.B.Vaccines against cervical cancer also work on liver cancer.C.Vaccines can replace other therapeutic modalities for cancer.D.They strictly follow the mechanism of traditional vaccination.问题3选项A.Because too many factors make it hard to determine the main causes.B.Because genetic makeup plays a dominant role in cancer development.C.Because the development of such vaccines requires enormous investment.D.Because literature is limited on the efficacy of vaccines for non-viral cancers.问题4选项A.The “exposure” in antiviral vaccination and anticancer vaccination is different.B.The “exposure” in cancer vaccination does not produce any long-term effect.C.“Exposure” is a useless concept when cancer is genetically-determined.D.Constant “exposure” to something may make the exposure ineffective.问题5选项A.vaccination is able to prevent the occurrence of cancerB.cancer vaccines may replace the conventional therapiesC.cancer vaccines may control the cancer recurrences and metastasesD.vaccination against cancer is possible in theory but almost impossible in reality【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【选项释义】The first paragraph is meant to describe（ ）. 第一段是为了描述_。A. the evolution of vaccination A. 疫苗的发展B. the mechanism of vaccination B. 疫苗接种机制C. the significance of vaccination C. 接种疫苗的意义D. the popularization of vaccination D. 疫苗接种的普及【答案】B【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据出处提示词first paragraph与题干信息可定位至原文第一段第一句“预防医学中，没有比疫苗注射策略更好的例子了”，推断第一段主要是向我们介绍疫苗注射后是如何起作用的，所以B选项“疫苗接种机制”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“疫苗的发展”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；C选项“接种疫苗的意义”文中没有提及属于无中生有；D选项“疫苗接种的普及”属于无中生有。2.【选项释义】Which of the following is true of vaccines against cancer? 关于癌症疫苗，下列哪项是正确的？A. They are both therapeutic and preventive. A. 它们既具有治疗作用又具有预防作用。B. Vaccines against cervical cancer also work on liver cancer. B. 宫颈癌疫苗对肝癌也有效。C. Vaccines can replace other therapeutic modalities for cancer. C. 疫苗可以替代癌症的其他治疗方式。D. They strictly follow the mechanism of traditional vaccination. D. 它们严格遵循传统的疫苗接种机制。【答案】A【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第二段第二句“大多数专家认为癌症疫苗是治疗和预防的结合”，由此句可知A选项“它们既具有治疗作用又具有预防作用”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B选项“宫颈癌疫苗对肝癌也有效。”，文中提到“这两种疫苗都是为了对抗引起疾病的主要病毒，而不是针对癌症”，所以该选项属于过度推断；C选项“疫苗可以替代癌症的其他治疗方式。”，与原文意思不符，属于反向干扰；D选项“它们严格遵循传统的疫苗接种机制。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】According to the passage, why is it difficult to use vaccines to prevent non-viral cancers? 根据文章，为什么使用疫苗来预防非病毒性癌症如此困难？A. Because too many factors make it hard to determine the main causes. A. 因为太多的因素使得很难确定主要的原因。B. Because genetic makeup plays a dominant role in cancer development. B. 因为基因组成在癌症发展中起着主导作用。C. Because the development of such vaccines requires enormous investment. C. 因为开发这种疫苗需要巨大的投资。D. Because literature is limited on the efficacy of vaccines for non-viral cancers. D. 因为文献对非病毒性癌症的疫苗疗效有限。【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第三段最后两句“在非病毒性癌症中，所谓的接触是基因、环境和一系列因人而异的其他未知因素的结合。试问你如何接种疫苗来预防你的家族遗传性乳腺癌或抵制长期接触的二手烟？”推断非病毒性癌症致病的因素是一系列综合因素，无法通过接种疫苗来免疫。所以A选项“因为太多的因素使得很难确定主要的原因。”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B选项“因为基因组成在癌症发展中起着主导作用。”，原文中只说家族遗传的很难用疫苗来预防，并未说其组成占主导地位，这里偷换概念；C选项“因为开发这种疫苗需要巨大的投资。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；D选项“因为文献对非病毒性癌症的疫苗疗效有限。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有。4.【选项释义】From the context, what does the author suggest by saying “passes for exposure”? 从上下文来看，作者说“通行证是接触”是什么意思？A. The “exposure” in antiviral vaccination and anticancer vaccination is different. A. 在抗病毒疫苗接种和抗癌疫苗接种中的“接触”是不同的。B. The “exposure” in cancer vaccination does not produce any long-term effect. B. 癌症疫苗的“接触”不会产生任何长期的影响。C. “Exposure” is a useless concept when cancer is genetically-determined. C. 当癌症是由基因决定的时候，“接触”是一个无用的概念。D. Constant “exposure” to something may make the exposure ineffective. D. 持续地“接触”某些东西可能会使接触变得无效。【答案】A【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词“passes for exposure（通过接触所传递的事物）”可将信息点定位至原文第三段倒数第二句“在非病毒性癌症中，所谓的接触是基因、环境和一系列因人而异的其他未知因素的组合”，再结合本段第一句“使用疫苗来预防无病人的非病毒性癌症是完全不同的事情。”由这两句可知A选项“在抗病毒疫苗接种和抗癌疫苗接种中的接触是不同的。”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B选项“癌症疫苗的接触不会产生任何长期的影响。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；C选项“当癌症是由基因决定的时候，接触是一个无用的概念。”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“持续地接触某些东西可能会使接触变得无效。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有。5.【选项释义】We can conclude from the last paragraph that（ ）. 从最后一段我们可以得出结论_。A. vaccination is able to prevent the occurrence of cancer A. 接种疫苗可以预防癌症的发生B. cancer vaccines may replace the conventional therapies B. 癌症疫苗可能会取代传统疗法C. cancer vaccines may control the cancer recurrences and metastases C. 癌症疫苗可以控制癌症的复发和转移D. vaccination against cancer is possible in theory but almost impossible in reality D. 接种癌症疫苗在理论上是可能的，但在现实中几乎是不可能的【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据提示词last Paragraph与题干信息可定位至原文最后一段第二、三句“理想情况下，癌症疫苗将用于那些已经通过手术、化疗或放疗进行诊断和治疗的患者。让他们形成免疫能力，以防止癌症复发和扩散。”由这两句可知C选项“癌症疫苗可以控制癌症的复发和转移”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“接种疫苗可以预防癌症的发生”，文中并没有说接种疫苗后就不会发生癌症，属于过度推断；B选项“癌症疫苗可能会取代传统疗法”，文中只是说运用了疫苗这个方法，并没有说取代，属于过度推断；D选项“接种癌症疫苗在理论上是可能的，但在现实中几乎是不可能的”，文中没有提及属于无中生有。5. 单选题13.问题1选项A.The man is a liar.B.The man is jealous of Lisa.C.She does not agree with the man on that.D.She will surely do the same as Lisa does.【答案】C【解析】M: Lisa says that the job takes the back seat to the family after she is married. She must be a good wife.W: This is only what she says not what she does.Q: What does the woman mean?【解析】女士说：This is only what she says not what she does，因此表明女士不同意男士的说法。6. 单选题问题1选项A.It can improve peoples moodB.It may cause weight lossC.it can increase the insulin sensitivityD.It may cause abnormal blood sugar问题2选项A.lt can reset the bodys metabolic clockB.It cannot reset the bodys metabolic clackC.lt may reduce the risk of diabetesD.It may increase insulin sensitivity问题3选项A.Emphasize the importance of recovery sleepB.Emphasize the importance of sufficient sleepC.The relationship between sleep and healthD.The effects of cycle of sufficient and insufficient sleep to health【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C【解析】第1题:由文中可知，充足和不充足的睡眠周期会导致体重增加、胰岛素敏感性下降，血糖异常，因此D选项正确。第2题:它不能重置身体的新陈代谢。最后一句说到“The so-called recovery sleep cannot reset the bodys metabolic clock（所谓的恢复性睡眠不能重置身体的新陈代谢时钟）”，因此恢复性睡眠并不能重置身体的新陈代谢。B选项正确。第3题:本篇短文说到的睡眠不足和睡眠充足和健康之间的关系，因此C选项正确。7. 单选题8.问题1选项A.To X-ray his chest.B.To hospitalize him.C.To perform a minor surgery.D.To transfer him to a specialist.【答案】C【解析】W: What happened?M: I was in a fight and got my head hurt.W: Were you knocked out?M: No.W: I want you to go for an X-ray. And come back to me. Youll need some stitches for that wound.Q: What is the doctor going to do for the man?【解析】细节题。医生告诉男士先去做X光，回来后伤口需要缝针。8. 单选题9.问题1选项A.Quit smoking.B.Go jogging every morning.C.Work out in the gym.D.Go on a diet.【答案】C【解析】W: Why dont you try smoking one cigarette less each day, as well as going jogging every morning?M: Good idea, but I dont want to go jogging in the street and a treadmill may be a better choice. Im sure trainers at the gym would be able to give me more professional advice.W: That sounds good. There is one near my company. I am its regular member.M: Really? I will go in to have a look.Q: What is the man most likely to do?【解析】细节题。男士说：but I dont want to go jogging in the street and a treadmill may be a better choice（但我不想在街上慢跑，跑步机可能是更好的选择），后来决定去健身房找专业人士咨询。9. 单选题12.问题1选项A.Play tennis.B.Take out the trash.C.Play computer games.D.Go to court for a lawsuit.【答案】A【解析】W: How about the game of tennis?M: Ok, loserll take out the trash for a month.W: Its a deal.M: See you in the court.Q: What are the speakers going to do next?【解析】细节题。女士提议说待会去打网球，最后男士说：See you in the court(球场上见)。10. 单选题12.问题1选项A.The womans classmate.B.The womans boyfriend.C.The womans brother.D.The womans teacher.【答案】B【解析】M: I heard all the time that John is dating several girls.W: But its not true, he has explained everything to me.M: Do you really believe what he said?W: Yeah, I believe in our feelings for each other.Q: Who is John?【解析】推断题。根据对话推断John是对话中女士的男友。11. 单选题1.问题1选项A.How to deal with his sleeping problem.B.The cause of his sleeping problem.C.What follows his insomnia.D.The severity of his medical problem.【答案】A【解析】M: What about the problem that Ive been having in sleeping? W: I am going to give you a prescription of some medicine to help you get a better nights sleep. Q: What does the man want to know? 【解析】细节题。通过对话得知，男士睡眠不好，女士要给他开药改善睡眠。12. 单选题问题1选项A.He is a babysitter.B.He is an oncologist.C.He is a pediatrician.D.He is an obstetrician.【答案】D【解析】12. M: Now, would you please lie down on the couch? Ill take a look at the baby. Ill just measure to see what height it is. The baby seems slightly small.W: How do you know that?M: I measure from the top of your womb to your pubic bone. The number of centimeters is roughly equal to the number of weeks youre pregnant.Q: What does the man do?【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：这个男人是做什么的？由文中“I measure from the top of your womb to your pubic bone. The number of centimeters is roughly equal to the number of weeks youre pregnant.（我测量了一下你子宫顶端到耻骨的长度。这个长度大致和你怀孕周数一致）”，可知这个男人是产科医生，所以D选项“He is an obstetrician.（他是产科医生）”符合原文。A选项“他是个保姆”；B选项“他是个肿瘤医师”；C选项“他是个儿科医生”不符合原文。13. 单选题6.问题1选项A.He hurt his uncle.B.He hurt his ankle.C.He has a swollen toe.D.He needs a minor surgery.【答案】B【解析】W: Where is your injury? M: Here, my ankle. W: How did it happen? M: I tripped over on the pavement and twisted it. It was swollen and very painful. Q: What is true about the man? 【解析】细节题。男士说：Here, my ankle，即他伤到了脚踝。14. 单选题Before a drug is approved and launched into the market, a significant amount of time and money is spent in an effort to select the most effective one from several drug（ ）.问题1选项A.adversariesB.candidatesC.volunteersD.manufacturers【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. adversaries 对手；敌人 B. candidates 候选人；候选者C. volunteers 志愿者 D. manufacturers 制造商【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】在一种药物被批准并投入市场之前，要花费大量的时间和金钱从多种药物中选择最有效的那种。由本句句意可知选择最有效的，是要从众多候选、待选的药物中进行选择，所以B选项“候选人，候选者”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合句意。【句意】在一种药物被批准并投入市场之前，要花大量的时间和金钱从几种候选药物中选择最有效的一种。15. 单选题3.问题1选项A.Hell go to see Mr. White at 10:30.B.Hed like to make an earlier appointment.C.Hed like to cancel the appointment.D.Hed like to see another dentist.【答案】B【解析】M: My tooth is bothering me. When can I see Dr. White?W: How about tomorrow? 10:30 OK?M: Isnt there anything earlier?W: No. But I will call you if there is a cancellation before then.Q: What does the man mean?【解析】男士说：Isnt there anything earlier? (有没有办法早点儿？)，由此可知他想早些看医生。16. 单选题10.问题1选项A.100.B.232.C.132.D.332.【答案】B【解析】M: There are only 100 passengers on this airplane.W: That leaves 132 empty seats.Q: How many seats are there on this airplane?【解析】计算题。男士说飞机上现有乘客100个，女士说还有132个空位。因此飞机总共可以容纳232个乘客。17. 单选题11.问题1选项A.The chemistry homework is difficult.B.The chemistry homework is fun.C.The math homework is difficult.D.The math homework is fun.【答案】A【解析】M: Catherine, how is the math homework coming?W: Thats a piece of cake. But the chemistry homework is really a hard nut to crack.Q: What does the woman mean?【解析】对话中女士说数学作业a piece of cake，即 “小菜一碟”，但是chemistry homework is really a hard nut to crack，即化学作业非常棘手。18. 单选题问题1选项A.Serious of high blood pressure.B.Medication of high blood pressure.C.Quantity of medication for high blood pressure.D.Complaint about the medication for high blood pressure.问题2选项A.To increase dosage.B.To cut dosage.C.To change into another medication.D.To add another medication.问题3选项A.Take two medications every day.B.To reduce the dosage.C.To consider the medication she recommended.D.To check the medication out on internet.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C【解析】第1题:在对话中反复出现了“medication”这个词，且一开始这个男性就说到“blood pressure”的问题，因此他们谈论的就是“治疗高血压的药物”。B选项正确。第2题:对话中男性说到“And I want to add another drug to relieve your symptom”，说明是要再增加一种药物，以缓解高血压药的副作用。D选项正确。第3题:最后，这个女性说到“What about this medication?”以及说到自己朋友用过，且说效果好，自己也查过。说明她想要医生考虑她推荐的药物。C选项正确。19. 单选题问题1选项A.The little boy is restless and naughty.B.The man will help take care of the little boy.C.The woman has to spend the day in the lab.D.The womans son should not stay in the lab.【答案】D【解析】9. W: Hi, Tony. This is my son, Philippe. There was a problem with his daycare today. Hell be spending the day here in the lab with me. Ill teach them all about doing research.M: Well, Im not sure this is a good place for a little boy.Q: What does the man mean?【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。题干为：这个男人什么意思？由文中“Hell be spending the day here in the lab with me.（他今天会和我一起待在实验室里。）”和“Well, Im not sure this is a good place for a little boy.（我不确定这个地方适合一个小男孩待着。）”，可知D选项“The womans son should not stay in the lab.（女士的孩子不应该带到实验室）”符合原文。A选项“小男孩又好动又淘气”；B选项“这个男人会帮助照顾这个小男孩”；C选项“女人不得不整天待在实验室里”不符合原文。20. 单选题问题1选项A.He crashed his truckB.He injured his spine in an earthquakeC.He broke his arm in a car crashD.He suffered an accident问题2选项A.lt is easy to be absorbedB.lt can grow very fastC.lt has a high rate of fusionD.lt can form the new bone问题3选项A.lt is a newly invented biologic agentB.The bone cannot fuse together without NanoFuseC.The bone and NanoFuse can fuse into new boneD.With the help of NanoFuse, patients can recover very soon【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D【解析】第1题:第一句即提到“seriously injured in a truck crash”，说明他遭遇了交通事故。因此D选项正确。第2题:文中说到：Once Nanofuse is used, new bone soon starts to form（一旦使用纳米融合，新骨很快就开始形成），说明它能使新骨头形成，因此C选项正确。第3题:患者可以很快康复。文中说到：Nanofuse has a high rate of fusion, so patients are able to grow their own bones in a short period of time（Nanofuse具有很高的融合率，因此患者能够在短时间内生长自己的骨头），说明这个技术可以使患者很快康复，因此D选项符合题意。