2022年考博英语-北京大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第54期

2022年考博英语-北京大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained ( ).问题1选项A.to be shownB.to have been shownC.to have shownD.being shown【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法。remain to be done“待完成；待处理”为固定用法。句意：一些人对研究结果持谨慎态度，指出吸二手烟和癌症之间的因果关系有待揭示。因此A选项符合题意。2. 单选题He was _ to tell the truth even to his closest friend.问题1选项A.too much of a cowardB.too much the cowardC.a coward enoughD.enough of a coward【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法。综合选项可知，本题考查“tooto太以致不能”，too much the coward“懦夫太多”不符合句意，因此A选项符合题意。3. 单选题（ ）you promise you will work hard, （ ）support you to college.问题1选项A.If only. will IB.Only. I willC.Only if. will ID.Only if. I will、【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。观察第一空的选项，if only“只要；但愿”后面一般用虚拟语气；only if“只有”后用倒装。再综合题干可判定此题使用倒装句结构。因此C选项符合题意。4. 单选题New research suggests gossip could actually lower_and help people overcome the frustration of seeing someone doing something wrong and getting away with it.问题1选项A.pressB.blessC.cressD.stress【答案】D【解析】考查形近名词辨析。lower在句中表示动词用法，后面空格处应填名词。press “压；新闻”；bless无名词用法；cress“水芹”；stress“压力”。句意：新的研究表明，流言实际上可能会降低并帮助人们克服看到有人做错事却没受惩罚的挫败感。因此选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they did not ( ) close examination.问题1选项A.put up withB.keep up withC.stand up toD.look up to【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。put up with“忍受，容忍”；keep up with“赶得上；和保持联系”；stand up to“经得起；抵抗”；look up to“尊敬”。句意：虽然这些假钞愚弄了许多人，但他们经不起仔细检查。因此C选项符合题意。6. 单选题Please put your empty cigarette packets and paper bags in the _ bins provided.问题1选项A.junkB.litterC.scrapD.deposit【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。junk“废物”；litter“垃圾”；scrap“残余物”；deposit“沉淀物”。Litter bin指“垃圾箱”，因此B选项符合题意。7. 单选题Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing” for human being is a question that（ ）a wide solution.问题1选项A.admits ofB.requires ofC.needs ofD.seeks for【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。admit of“容许，有的可能”；require of“需要，要求得到”；need of“需要”；seek for“寻找；探索”。句意：意识的扩展对人类来说是否是一件“好事”，这一个问题一个广泛的答案。“需要或寻求广泛的答案”都不符合语义；所以选择admit of，表示“是一个可能有广泛答案的问题”。因此A选项符合题意。8. 单选题Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected（ ）the unconscious （ ） their psychology. No one can shield himself（ ）such an influence.问题1选项A.on. by. atB.by. for. inC.from. in. onD.through. with. from【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。infect sb. with sth. “用感染”是固定搭配；shield from“庇护使免遭”也是固定搭配；through表示感染渠道。因此D选项符合题意。9. 单选题The government will prosecute those individuals who unlawfully possess（ ）material.问题1选项A.classifiedB.bizarreC.personalD.legitimate【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。classified“分类的；机密的”；bizarre“奇异的”；personal“个人的”；legitimate“合法的”；句意：政府将起诉那些非法占有材料的个人。因此A选项符合题意。10. 单选题While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very（ ）.问题1选项A.triggerB.meagerC.vigorD.linger【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析。trigger诱发 meager贫瘠的 vigor精力 linger消磨，徘徊。句意：尽管他付出了巨大努力，但是结果却不令人满意(收获很小) 答案B。while表转折，可知前后形成对比。11. 单选题Facing the danger, they were quite themselves.问题1选项A.in case ofB.in name ofC.in possession ofD.in charge of【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。in case of“万一”；in name of“名义上”；in possession of“拥有；占有”；in charge of“负责；主管”。句意：面对危险，他们能够照顾好自己。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题It has been revealed that nearly one in five degree courses has been （ ）since the tripling of tuition fees to 9,000 a year.问题1选项A.scratchedB.scrapedC.scrabbledD.scrapped【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。空格处需要填写的是动词过去分词形式。scratch“抓，搔”；scrape“刮掉，擦掉”；scrabble“摸索，挣扎”；scrap“废弃”。句意：据透露，自从学费翻了三倍至每年9000英镑后，近五分之一的学位课程被废弃了。因此D选项符合题意。13. 单选题Scientists on Tuesday pushed the hands of the infamous “Doomsday Clock” forward one minute from last year, signaling their_pessimism about the efforts of world leaders to handle global threats.问题1选项A.increaseB.increasedC.increasedlyD.increasing【答案】D【解析】考查语法知识。空格前是their形容词性物主代词，后是名词pessimism悲观主义，所以空格处应填形容词，可排除A和C。increased“增强的”；increasing“越来越也多的，渐增的”。句意：周二，科学家们把臭名昭著的“世界末日时钟”拨快了一分钟，比去年提前了一分钟，这表明他们对世界领导人应对全球威胁的努力持悲观态度。B选项强调“已经增强的”，综合句意D选项更符合。14. 单选题 Yet these global trends hide starkly different national and regional stories. Vittorio Colao, the boss of Vodafone, which operates or partially owns networks in 31 countries, argues that the farther south you go, the more people use their phones, even past the equator: where life is less organized, people need a tool, for example to rejig appointments. “Culture influences the lifestyle, and the lifestyle influences the way we communicate,he says. “If you dont leave your phone on in a meeting in Italy, you are likely to miss the next one. ”Other mundane factors also affect how phones are used. For instance, in countries where many people have holiday homes they are more likely to give out a mobile number, which then becomes the default where they can be reached, thus undermining the use of fixed-line phones. Technologies are always “both constructive and constructed by historical, social, and culture contexts,” writes Mizuko Ito, an anthropologist at the University of California in Irvine, who has co-edited a book on Japans mobile-phone subculture.Indeed, Japan is a good example of how such subcultures come about. In the 1990s Americans and Scandinavians were early adopters of mobile phones. But in the next decade Japan was widely seen as the model for the mobile future, given its early embrace of the mobile Internet. For some time Wired, a magazine for technology lovers, ran a column called “Japanese Schoolgirl Watch”，serving readers with a stream of mobile oddities. The implication was that what Japanese schoolgirls did one day, everyone else would do the next.The countrys mobile boom was arguably encouraged by underlying social conditions. Most teenagers had long used pagers to keep in touch. In 1999 NTT, Japans dominant operator, launched i-mode, a platform for mobile-internet services. It allowed cheap e-mails between networks and the Japanese promptly signed up in droves for mobile internet. Ms Ito also points out that Japan is a crowded place with lots of rules. Harried teenagers, in particular, have few chances for private conversations and talking on the phone in public is frowned upon, if not outlawed. Hence the appeal of mobile data services.The best way to grasp Japans mobile culture is to take a crowded commuter train. There are plenty of signs advising you not to use your phone. Every few minutes announcements are made to the same effect. If you do take a call, you risk more than disapproving gazes. Passengers may appeal to a guard who will quietly but firmly explain: dame desu? its not allowed. Some studies suggest that talkingon a mobile phone on a train is seen as worse than in a theatre. Instead, hushed passengers type away on their handsets or read mobile-phone novels (written Japanese allows more information to be displayed on a small screen than languages that use the Roman alphabet).1.According to the passage, an Italian would leave his phone on in a meeting for which of the following reason?2.Which of the following statements is best supported by the passage?3.The author suggests that Japan leads the world in the mobile-phone culture in that_.4.It can be inferred from the passage that the Japanese teenagers are fond of the mobile data services because_。5.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage, based on its content?问题1选项A.He is afraid of missing a business opportunity.B.His family members may call him in emergency.C.He thinks it is rude to leave a call unanswered.D.He needs to get posted about the latest change in the work schedule.问题2选项A.How we use our phones reflect where we live.B.Technologies determine the way we communicate.C.Culture influences the development of technologies.D.Social conditions dictate the mobile future.问题3选项A.the Japanese are the earliest mobile phone usersB.the Japanese are the chattiest mobile phone usersC.the Japanese use mobile Internet early onD.Japan provides the best mobile phone services问题4选项A.they like to play electronic gamesB.they like to talk to their friends on the phoneC.they can read novels on the phoneD.they can communicate with their friends more conveniently问题5选项A.The Japanese Phone Culture.B.Culture and Technology.C.All Alike, All Different.D.Handy, If You Are Thrifty.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：根据这篇文章，一个意大利人会在会议上开着手机，原因是什么？由题干定位到文章第一段最后一句 “If you dont leave your phone on in a meeting in Italy, you are likely to miss the next one”， 说明他这么做是为了不错过商机。因此A选项符合题意。2.细节推理题。题干：下列哪一项陈述最能得到文章的支持？第一段第三句提到文化影响生活方式，生活方式影响我们交流的方式，进而影响到技术发展，可对应C选项。因此C选项符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：作者认为日本在手机文化方面领先世界是因为_。由题干定位到第三段第三句“But in the next decade Japan was widely seen as the model for the mobile future, given its early embrace of the mobile Internet”，后半句即为答案，与C选项对应，因此C选项符合题意。4.细节推理题。题干：从文章中可以推断，日本青少年喜欢移动数据服务是因为_。由题干定位到第四段，“Harried teenagers, in particular, have few chances for private conversationsif not outlawed. Hence the appeal of mobile data services”，说明他们视为了方便与朋友们联系。因此D选项符合题意。5.主旨题。题干：根据这篇文章的内容，下面哪个标题是最合适的？本文主要通过一些实例讲述了文化和技术的关系。第一段第三句即本文主题句。因此B选项符合题意。15. 单选题Apple pie is（ ）neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.问题1选项A.at itselfB.as itselfC.on itselfD.in itself【答案】D【解析】考查固定用法。四个选项中只有“in itself 本质上”是固定短语，因此D选项符合题意。句意：从本质上来看，苹果派既不好也不坏;它的使用方式决定了它的价值。16. 名词解释The year of 2009 will bring an avalanche of books, lectures, television programs and articles on Charles Darwin. (1) It is 200 years since he was bom and 150 years since he was pushed to publish his on the Origin of Species earlier than he intended by the arrival of a letter from AlfredRussel Wallace, the naturalist who, independently, had the same theory of natural selection thatDarwin had supposed all his own.Since Darwin wasnt alone in thinking up the theory of natural selection or in assembling evidence in support of evolution, are we right to make such a song and dance of his anniversary? The short answer is “yes”.(2) the Origin o f Species is the most important biology book yet written and Darwin has done as much as anyone, including Copernicus, Newton, Marx and Freud,to change how we see ourselves.Why does Darwinian worldview matters more than ever? Above all, Darwin decenters humanity. In this he completes the work that Copernicus and Galileo began. We are not the centre of the Universe. The Universe existed long before we came on the scene. (3) This decentering does not, of course, mean that we matter any the less. Rather, it helps us to appreciate that we do not sit in a distinct category from the rest of creation. The great apes that are heading towards extinction in the wild and are still used in some countries for medical research really are our relatives.Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).【答案】1：He was born 200 years ago and his On the Origin of Species was published 150 years ago, which was earlier than he had planned, because a naturalist called Alfred Russel Wallace had written to Darwin to encourage him to do so. Alfred shared the theory of natural selection that Darwin had thought out by himself.2：The book On the Origin of Species is more important than any other biology book that has ever been written, and Darwins contribution to change our worldview equals those of Copernicus, Newton, Marx and Freud.3：Certainly, the fact that we are not the center of the universe does indicate that we are not important.17. 单选题I dont understand what youre getting so about. Its really not a problem.问题1选项A.worked outB.worked upC.worked overD.worked against【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。work out“算出；解决”；worked up“激动的；生气的”；work over“研究；检查”；work against“违背；对不利”。句意：我不明白你为什么这么激动。这真的不是问题。选项B符合题意。18. 单选题_，the short is in some ways not really new.问题1选项A.Like many another new thingsB.Like much other new thingsC.Like many other new thingsD.Like many another new thing【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。another“又一，另一个”，一般用来修饰或代指可数名词单数，因此排除A和D选项；much不能用来修饰可数名词，排除B选项。因此C选项符合题意。19. 单选题In the 1930s，when millions of comic books were（ ）the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to notice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical.问题1选项A.inundatingB.imitatingC.immolatingD.insulating【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。inundate“淹没；泛滥”；imitate“模仿；仿制”；immolate“献祭；牺牲”；insulate“隔离；使绝缘”。句意：在1930年代,当数以百万计的漫画书用打斗和杀戮年轻一代，似乎没有人注意到在街上汽车的暴力更疯狂一些。漫画书无处不在的暴力让年轻人深陷其中，选择“淹没”更符合句意。因此A选项符合题意。20. 单选题Going through a tricky divorce would be enough to put anyone off marriage for life. But a new study shows that men are much more likely to_a stressful and complicated break-up than women.问题1选项A.get onB.get offC.get overD.get in【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。get on“上车；进展”；get off ”脱下；下车“；get over”克服“；get in ”进入；陷入“。句意：经历一场棘手的离婚足以让任何人放弃婚姻。但一项新的研究表明，男性比女性更有可能一段紧张而复杂的分手。句中but，因而存在转折关系，说明男性比女性更容易从分手中振作起来。因此选项C符合题意。