2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第35期

2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Rumours are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into（ ）ones.问题1选项A.turbulentB.tragicC.vulnerableD.suspicious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项turbulent“动荡的”；B选项tragic“悲剧的，悲痛的”；C选项vulnerable“易受攻击的”；D选项suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。句意：谣言无处不在，它散布恐怖情绪，损害声誉，把稳定的局面搅得混乱不堪。所选形容词应与句中calm相对应，所以本题A选项符合句意。2. 单选题Look,（ ）in his usual T-shirt.问题1选项A.here does Henry comeB.here comes HenryC.here Henry comesD.comes here Henry【答案】B【解析】考查倒装句。表示地点、时间和方向的副词放在句首时，句子使用完全倒装，句意：看！罗宾来了，穿着往常的T恤衫。所以本题B选项正确。3. 单选题I am surprised（ ）this city is a dull place to live in.问题1选项A.that you should thinkB.by what you are thinkingC.that you would thinkD.with what you were thinking【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。be surprised后面接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式“should+动词原形”表示惊奇，惊讶的感情色彩。例句：I am surprised that he should have been so rude to you.（我很惊讶他竟然对你如此粗鲁）。B和D选项，what作动词think的宾语，而think不能同时接纳what和空格后的句子作宾语，所以排除。句意：我很吃惊你竟然认为在这所城市待着很无聊。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。4. 单选题The goals（ ）he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.问题1选项A.after whichB.with whichC.for whichD.at which【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。这是一个介词+代词引导的定语从句，fought的原型的fight，和不同的介词搭配，fight after“在之后战斗”；fight with“与一起战斗”；fight for“为而战，而奋斗”。句意：他为之奋斗终生的目标对他不再重要了。for which he had fought做goals的定语，将fight for搭配中的for放在which之前。因此，本题的正确答案是C选项。5. 单选题The American dream is most（ ）during the periods of productivity and wealth generated by American capitalism.问题1选项A.plausibleB.patrioticC.primitiveD.partial【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项plausible“看似可信的，花言巧语的”；B选项patriotic“爱国的”；C选项primitive“原始的，粗糙的”；D选项partial“偏爱的，不公平的”，这里要考虑句子前后的逻辑关系，美国资本主义带来发达的生产力，创造了巨大的财富，因此一时之间美国梦看起来似乎是能实现的，其它三项均不能使句子句意通顺。句意：在美国资本主义带来高度的生产力和巨大的财富期间，美国梦似乎是最能实现的。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。6. 单选题Nancys gone to work but her car is still there. She（ ）by bus.问题1选项A.must have goneB.should have goneC.ought to have goneD.could have gone【答案】A【解析】虚拟语气。根据句子的前半部分可知，南希去工作了，但她的车还停在那里，后面应该是肯定的推测，南希一定是坐公交去上班了。A选项must have gone“一定是”，表示对过去肯定的推测；B选项should have gone和C选项ought to have gone都表示“本来应该去而未去”；D选项could have gone表示“本来能够去而没去”。句意：南希去工作了，但她的车还停在那里，她一定是坐公交去上班的。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。7. 单选题In general, the effects of radiation can be divided into those which affect the individuals exposed and those which affect their（ ）.问题1选项A.successionB.descendantsC.descentD.successors【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项succession“继任，继承”；B选项descendant“后代，晚辈”；C选项descent“下降，血统，袭击”；D选项successor“继承人”。根据individual可知，空格处应填入某一或某类人物，故A、C选项不符合题意，排除。successor一般是说某个家庭的继承人，而descendant泛指人类的子孙后代，所以本题选B更加贴切。句意：总的来说，辐射的危害可以分为对辐射接收者本人的影响以及对其子孙后代的影响。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。8. 单选题That was not the first time he（ ）us. I think its high time we（ ）strong actions against him.问题1选项A.betrayedtakeB.had betrayedtookC.has betrayedtookD.has betrayedtake【答案】B【解析】考查时态和虚拟语气。当句子里有序数词first/second/third.、副词only或最高级best/worst/most的时候，后面的定语从句要用完成时态。例如：It is one of the most interesting books Ive ever read(这是我看过的最有趣的书之一。)，因为that was not句子是过去时，这里应该用过去完成时：had betrayed。Its (high) time（是做的时候了），后面的句子要用谓语要用过去时或者should+动词原形，表示虚拟语气，所以这里要用took。句意：这已经不是他第一次背叛我们了，是我们采取强有力的行动对抗他的时候了。所以本题的正确答案是B选项。9. 单选题（ ）of the three sisters you choose to marry, you will have a good wife.问题1选项A.WhicheverB.WhichC.WhateverD.Any【答案】A【解析】考查让步状语从句。无论三个姐妹你选择哪一个结婚，你都将拥有一个好妻子。A选项whichever“无论哪一个”，B选项which，“哪个”，C选项whatever“无论什么”，D选项any“任何的”，C选项whichever，“不论哪个”引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter which，其意为“无论哪个”“不管哪个”，在句中充当定语或者宾语，例如：Whichever you choose, the others will be offended.无论你选哪个，都会冒犯其余的人。D选项any不能引导让步状语从句。句意：不论这三个姐姐你选哪一个结婚，你都将有一个好妻子。综上所述，本题选A选项正确。10. 单选题All the memories of his childhood had（ ）from his mind by the time he was 65.问题1选项A.fadedB.illustratedC.confinedD.concerned【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fade“褪色，凋谢，逐渐消失”；B选项illustrate“阐明，举例说明”；C选项confine“限制，禁闭”；D选项concern“关系到，涉及”。句意：在他65岁时，童年的所有记忆都从他的脑海中消失了。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。11. 翻译题Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.当我们进入数码物件的电子时代时，最重要的是要意识到新技术已经给我们这个社会带来了很多挑战，其中之一就是如何在这个电子时代保存好历史档案记录。更重要的是我们要知道，我们正在步入这样一个时代：即我们今天所熟知的很多东西以及用电子方式编码和写入的很多东西将会永久丢失。其中一个例子就是遍布世界各地政府和大学的很多数据集由于技术的变化而被淘汰了，而且这些数据将来要么丢失，要么需要采取髙昂的“营救”措施来挽救它们。在我看来，我们正生活在一个数码黑暗时代。因此，图书和档案管理员肩挑的责任就是要恪守我们这个时代崇尚历史和出版遗产的传统。【答案】As we enter the electronic age of digital objects, the most significant thing is to recognize that new technologies have brought many challenges to our society. One of them is how to preserve historical records in this electronic age. More importantly, we are moving into an era in which much of what we know today, and much of what is encoded and written electronically, will be lost forever. One example is that many data sets from governments and universities around the world are obsoleted due to changes in technology, and that data will either be lost in the future or will require costly “rescue” measures to save it. In my opinion, we are living in a digital dark age. Therefore, the responsibility of librarians and archivists is to scrupulously abide by the historical and publishing heritage we uphold in our time.12. 单选题（ ）, the girl ran out of the room.问题1选项A.Having tears in her eyes and turned suddenlyB.With a sudden turn, tearful eyesC.With tears in her eyes and suddenly turningD.Turning suddenly, with tears in her eyes【答案】D【解析】考查伴随状语，女孩应该是先转身然后再跑出房间，B、C选项都是伴随状语，B选项应该还有and连接才是对的，应该改为with a sudden turn and tearful eyes，C选项应该改为with tears in her eyes and a sudden turn。综上所述，D选项正确。13. 单选题Relying on his（ ）, the doctor cured the seemingly incurable patient.问题1选项A.approachB.faithC.expertiseD.confidence【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项approach“方法，方式”；B选项faith“信仰，信念”；C选项expertise“专业知识，专门技术”；D选项confidence“自信，信任”，句意：医生依靠他的专业知识治好了这个看似无法治愈的病人。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。14. 单选题（ ）dull he may be，he is certainly a very successful top executive.问题1选项A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsD.However【答案】D【解析】考查句子结构。A、B、C、D四个选项中，后面可以直接修饰形容词的只有D选项however。A选项although“尽管，虽然”，作为连词可以引导让步状语从句，后面接句子，应用到这个句子里面应该是：although he may be dull；B选项whatever“不论什么”，后面应该接名词；C选项as“尽管，正如”，作为连词可以引导让步状语从句，后面接句子，应用到这个句子里面应该是：dull as he may be；句意：无论他多么迟钝，他都是一名当之无愧的成功高层主管人员。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。15. 单选题Whether you are logging on to your personal computer, using a credit card, or disarming a door security system, passwords or PINs (personal identification numbers) guard access to numerous regular operations.It is estimated that within ten years, consumers could be faced with handling more than 100 passwords! Given the popularity of passwords, how can you choose ones that are sufficiently complicated to be secure yet are simple enough to remember?There are basic guidelines to bear in mind. Dont use as a password your name or that of a member of your family, even in modified form. Also avoid using your telephone number, your Social Security number, or your address. Such information can easily be obtained by a determined hacker.In addition, if possible, dont use passwords made up entirely of letters or digits. A relatively simple computer program can crack such a code quickly. Finally, do not use a word that can be found in any dictionary, even a foreign-language one. Huge lists are available that contain words, place names, and proper names from all languages. Programs can test for variations of these words, such as if they are spelled backward, capitalized, or combined.So, what kinds of passwords should be used? Usually ones that have a minimum of six to eight characters and that have a mixture of upper-and lower-case letters, digit and punctuation symbols. How difficult is it to crack such a combination of characters? One source says, “A machine that could try one million passwords per second would require, on the average, over one hundred years.”How can you choose a combination that is easy to remember? Some suggest that you take the title of a favorite book or film or a line from a song or poem and use the first letter from each word as your password, adding capital letters, punctuation, or other characters. For example, “to be or not be” could become “2B/not 2B.”Other suggestions include taking two short words and link them with a punctuation character, such as “High? Bug” or “Song; Tree”.Taking into account the suggestions outlined above can help you to protect important information from unwanted hackers. Remember, too, the importance of changing your passwords regularly. Just a final comment: Whatever passwords you decide to use, dont pick any of the examples given above.1. What is the main idea of this passage?2. Why shouldnt we use a word that can be found in any dictionary as a password?3. If you are choosing a password for your computer, which of the following is the best choice?4. How can you choose a password that is both secure and simple to remember?5. The word “Given” in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by（ ）.问题1选项A.How to strengthen security through a password.B.How to choose a password that is easy to remember.C.How to prevent your password from being cracked.D.How to choose a safe and convenient password.问题2选项A.Because it can be easily remembered by a computer hacker.B.Because computer programs can crack it.C.Because computer hackers are determined to crack it.D.Because the lists are so huge that the words are not easy to remember.问题3选项A.iaHgnahsB.19730508C.2B/not 2BD.Re-B, pl2问题4选项A.Taking the title of your favorite book or film.B.Taking a line from a song or poem you like best.C.Making up a nonsensical word which cannot be found in any dictionary.D.Using two short words linked with a punctuation character.问题5选项A.FixedB.GrantedC.SupposedD.Presented【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干：这篇文章的主旨是？这文章全文是关于“密码”。文章第一段就出现了passwords和PINs。第二段即引出文章主旨，如何选择既安全又简单易记的密码。后面的内容对这个问题做出了回答，所以选项D“如何选择一个安全方便的密码”正确。A选项“如何通过密码加强安全性”，是文章第五段的主要内容。B选项“如何选择一个容易记住的密码”，是文章第六段的主要内容。C选项“如何防止你的密码被破解”，是文章第三，四段的主要内容。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。2.事实细节题。题干：为什么我们不能用一个在任何字典里都能找到的词作为密码呢?由题干定位到第四段第三、四、五句话Finally, do not use a word that can be found in any dictionary, even a foreign-language one. Huge lists are available that contain words, place names, and proper names from all languages. Programs can test for variations of these words, such as if they are spelled backward, capitalized, or combined.（最后，不要使用任何词典中都能找到的词，即使是外语词典。巨大的列表是可用的，包含单词，地名，和来自所有的语言的专有名称。比较简单的计算机程序能够很快地破译这类密码，比如它们是倒写、大写还是组合。），所以本题B选项“因为计算机程序可以破解它”，符合题意。A选项“因为电脑黑客很容易记住它”，是因为容易被破解所以不能用，并没有提到是否容易记忆，A选项排除。C选项“因为电脑黑客会下定决心破解它”，文章提到是有程序可以破解，而不是黑客会下决心破解，所以C选项不符合题意。D选项“因为单词表是如此之大以至于单词不容易记住”，在文中并没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。3.推理判断题。如果你正在为你的电脑选择一个密码，以下哪个是最好的选择?根据第四段第一句话In addition, if possible, dont use passwords made up entirely of letters or digits.（另外，如果可能的话，不要使用完全由字母或数字组成的密码。），可排除A和B选项。这篇文章的最后一句讲到Just a final comment: Whatever passwords you decide to use, dont pick any of the examples given above.（无论你决定选择什么密码，不要采用上面提到的任何一个例子。），而C选项正是文章所给的例子，所以排除。所以只有D选项，有不同种类的符号、数字、横线等的组合，才是最好的选择。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。4.推理判断题。题干：如何选择既安全又容易记忆的密码呢？根据文章第七段Other suggestions include taking two short words and link them with a punctuation character（还有建议就是使用两个简短的单词，并用标点符号将它们连接起来），可知D选项“用两个简短的单词连上一个标点符号”，符合题意。根据文章第六段第二句Some suggest that you take the title of a favorite book or film or a line from a song or poem and use the first letter from each word as your password, adding capital letters, punctuation, or other characters.（有人建议你用最喜欢的书或电影的标题，或一首歌曲或一首诗的台词，把每个单词的首字母作为你的密码，加上大写字母、标点符号或其他字符。），可知，A选项“选你最喜欢的书或电影的名字”和B选项“从你最喜欢的歌或诗中选取一句”，都不全面，选择书或者电影名字会容易被程序破解，所以B，C都不正确。C选项“编了一个在任何字典里都找不到的无意义的词”，随便编出来的没有意义的词会很容易忘记，所以C选项排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。5.推理判断题。题干：第二段的“Given”，可以由单词_替代。由题干定位到第二段It is estimated that within ten years, consumers could be faced with handling more than 100 passwords! Given the popularity of passwords, how can you choose ones that are sufficiently complicated to be secure yet are simple enough to remember?（据估计，在10年内，消费者可能要处理100多个密码！考虑到密码的流行，你如何选择一个足够复杂的安全而又足够简单的记忆密码呢?），A选项“确定，固定”，B选项“授予，允许”，C选项“假定，设想”，D选项“提出，提供”。文章是对10年后情况的推测，所以应该选择C选项符合题意。16. 翻译题Translate the following text into Chinese.Todays policemen in large cities throughout the world rely on modern inventions to help them in their work. In most places motor-scooters and police patrol cars have done away with the need to patrol on foot or on horseback. Policemen use telephone, conveniently located throughout their districts, to make immediate contact with headquarters. Radio, television, and computers help to speed the work of the modern force. Even boats and helicopters are part of the equipment of metropolitan police departments. New technical inventions are widely used to fight crime and speed the solution of criminal cases. Electronic computers reduce from hours to minutes the time spent in searching for fingerprints. Witnesss descriptions of a criminal are coded and fed into a computer. The machine then sorts through the picture file of known criminals and selects the name and photograph of the most likely suspect. Lie detectors are used to uncover the truth.【答案】今天，全球很多大城市的警察都借助现代发明进行工作。在大多数地方，驾驶小摩托车和警察巡逻车已经取代了步行或在马背上巡逻的做法。各区便捷的电话网使警察能及时与总部取得联系；无线电、电视、计算机也有助于提高现代警察的工作效率；甚至连船只和直升机也成了一些大城市警察部门的装备。新技术发明广泛运用于打击犯罪，加速案件侦破，计算机将搜索指纹所花费的时间由几小时减少到几分钟。证人对罪犯的描述被编码并输入计算机，计算机将所掌握的罪犯照片案卷进行分类，选出重大嫌疑犯的姓名和照片；测谎仪也用于帮助揭露真相。17. 单选题Dear Sirs,Your shipment of twelve thousand “Smart” watches was received by our company this morning. However, we wish to make a number of complaints concerning the serious delay in delivery and your failure to carry out our specific instructions with regard to this order.It was stressed from the beginning that the delivery date had to be less than six weeks from the initial order, in order to meet our own customers requirements. While we understand that delays in production are occasionally inevitable, we must point out that the major reason why the order was placed with your company was because we were assured by you of its speed of delivery, and that your existing stocks were sufficiently high to ensure immediate shipment. Late delivery of the goods has caused us to disappoint several of our most valued customers, and is bound to have a negative effect on potential future orders.The second complaint concerns the difference in color between the watches we ordered and those delivered. It was stated clearly in the original order that watches in combinations of green/ purple and orange/purple only were required. However, only half the watches in the delivery received are of the colors specified. Our Hong Kong agent assures us that she stressed to you the importance of following our instructions precisely, since we consider there to be only a limited market in this country for watches of other colors at the present time. Any watches that are not of the specified colors will, of course, be returned to you.We are also somewhat concerned about the rather poor quality of the goods received, since it is apparent that the watches that finally arrived have been produced from inferior materials and have been manufactured to a lower standard than those in the sample. We have also found that a number of the watches do not appear to be functioning. Whether the latter problem is due to poor manufactures, damage during transportation or bad batteries is not yet clear, but we should like to point out that we feel this matter to be entirely your responsibility.As a result of the above problems, therefore, we feel that the most suitable course of action is to return to you unpaid any of the goods considered unsatisfactory, and to subtract any resultant costs from our final settlement. We shall also, of course, be forced to reconsider whether any further orders should be placed with your company.We look forward to your prompt reply. Yours sincerely, John Smith1. The manufacturers of “Smart” watches were given the order because（ ）.2. Receiving watches in the wrong colors is a problem because（ ）.3. “The latter problem” in paragraph 4 refers to（ ）.4. The last sentence of paragraph 5 “We shall also, of course, be forced to. with your company” suggests that（ ）.5. The purpose of this letter is to（ ）.问题1选项A.they produced the best watches of its kind in the worldB.they watches would be easy to make and the designs were already preparedC.they promised they could produce enough stocks quite quicklyD.they claimed the order would be easy since the watches were already in stock问题2选项A.the Hong Kong agent stressed the need to fulfill the order exactlyB.these watches will be difficult to sellC.these watches will not be able to get into the limited marketD.people will not buy the watches at present问题3选项A.the poor quality of the goodsB.the use of inferior materialsC.the low standard of manufactureD.some of the watches not working问题4选项A.the company may stop trading with the watch manufacturersB.the company will probably reduce the number of watches to be ordered in the futureC.the writer is afraid their company might go out of business soonD.the company is probably willing to give the manufactures another chance问题5选项A.ask for prompt replyB.blame the manufacturers for late deliveryC.complain of some problems concerning the watchesD.threaten to cancel the orders【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：“智能”手表的制造商接到这个订单是因为_。通过题干的内容定位到第二段we must point out that the major reason why the order was placed with your company was because we were assured by you of its speed of delivery, and that your existing stocks were sufficiently high to ensure immediate shipment.（我们必须指出，向贵公司订货的主要原因是贵公司向我们保证交货速度快，而贵公司现有库存充足，足以确保立即装运。），可知D选项“他们声称这个订单很容易，因为这些手表已经有库存了”符合题意。选项A“他们生产了世界上这种类型最好的手表”，B选项“这些手表制作起来很容易，设计也已经准备好了”，A，B选项内容文章并没有提及，所以不正确，C选项“他们承诺他们可以很快生产出足够的库存”，与文中快速交货的内容不符，排除C选项。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。2.事实细节题。题干：收到颜色不对的手表是个问题，因为_。通过题干关键词“color”定位到第三段Our Hong Kong agent assures us that she stressed to you the importance of following our instructions precisely, since we consider there to be only a limited market in this country for watches of other colors at the present time.（我们的香港代理人向我们保证，她曾向你方强调，必须严格按照我们的指示行事，因为我们认为目前其他颜色的手表在该国市场有限。），说明这些手表在该国市场小，难卖出去，故B选项“这些手表很难卖出去”正确，A选项“香港代理强调需要准确的完成订单”，文章有提及，但是并不是需要收到准确颜色手表的原因，故排除，C选项“这些手表将无法进入有限的市场”，和文章表达的其他颜色的手表在该国市场有限有出入，所以不正确。D选项“人们现在不会买手表”，属于无中生有。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。3.事实细节题。题干：文章第四段的“The latter problem”指的是_。由题干可以定位到文章第四段We have also found that a number of the watches do not appear to be functioning. Whether the latter problem is due to poor manufactures, damage during transportation or bad batteries is not yet clear（我们还发现一些手表似乎不工作。目前尚不清楚后一种情况是由于生产质量差，运输过程中损坏，还是电池损坏造成的），所以这里的“The latter problem”指的是手表似乎不工作，与D选项“有些手表似乎不工作”表达的意思一致，A选项“产品质量比较差”，B选项“使用劣质的材料”，C选项“生产标准低”，这三个选项都是收到产品的问题，但并不是latter problem指代的内容。综上所述，本题的正确答案为D。4.推理判断题。题干：文章第五段的最后一句话“当然，我们也不得不和你们公司”，意味着_。可以定位到文章第五段的内容As a result of the above problems, therefore, we feel that the most suitable course of action is to return to you unpaid any of the goods considered unsatisfactory, and to subtract any resultant costs from our final settlement. We shall also, of course, be forced to reconsider whet