2022年考博英语-外交学院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第15期

2022年考博英语-外交学院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Julia Gillard, Australias prime minister, was forced to drop a controversial proposal to funnel the processing of people seeking asylum in her country through Malaysia.问题1选项A.channelB.siphonC.clagD.scintillate【答案】A【解析】考查近义动词辨析。A选项channel“引导，开导；提供资金；输送；开辟水道，形成凹槽”；B选项siphon“用虹吸管吸出；抽取”；C选项clag“阻碍；妨碍；凝结”；D选项scintillate“发出火花；闪烁”。句意：澳大利亚总理朱莉娅吉拉德（Julia Gillard）被迫放弃一项有争议的提案，该提案要求通过马来西亚来处理在澳大利亚寻求庇护的人。funnel“流经狭窄空间；通过漏斗将导入；汇集，传送”，A选项与该词词意最相近，因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Your attitude should be that of an employee whos there to talk about a new project, rather than the more obsequious attitude of a candidate whos hoping to get an offer.问题1选项A.aggressiveB.servileC.humbleD.confident【答案】B【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的，有进取心的，有闯劲的”；B选项servile“奴隶的，奴性的，卑屈的”；C选项humble“谦逊的，简陋的，（级别或地位）低下的，不大的”；D选项confident“自信的，确信的”。句意：你的态度应该是作为一名正在谈论新项目的员工，而不是一名希望得到工作机会的求职者的奉承态度。Obsequious“谄媚的，奉承的，顺从的”，B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。3. 单选题America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it（ ）before the West was settled.问题1选项A.couldB.wasC.wouldD.did【答案】D【解析】考查助动词替代。题干中的as作为连词，引导方式状语从句，意为“像一样”。根据平行结构原则，从句中应填入实义动词had，但主句中已有了一个have，为了避免重复，可用助动词did代替had，例如：Study as Lenin did (did用来代替studied)像列宁那样学习。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题If you keep getting wrong numbers, your phone could be（ ）.问题1选项A.deficientB.deceptiveC.defectiveD.ineffective【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项deficient“不足的；有缺陷的；不充分的”，尤指数量不足；B选项deceptive“欺诈的；迷惑的；虚伪的”；C选项defective“有缺陷的；不完美的”，尤指质量不佳；D选项ineffective“失效的，不起作用的，无效的”。句意：如果你总是打错电话，你的电话可能是无效的。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题Ill try to get in touch with him but hes（ ）ever at home when I phone.问题1选项A.rarelyB.almostC.hardlyD.occasionally【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项rarely“很少地；难得；罕有地”；B选项almost“差不多，几乎”；C选项hardly“几乎不，简直不；刚刚”；D选项occasionally“偶尔；间或”。其中hardly带否定意义，hardly ever含never的意思，可当作固定搭配，意为“几乎从不，几乎不”。句意：我尽量和他联系，但我打电话时他几乎不在家。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题This issue has become a political hot（ ）.问题1选项A.potatoB.cakeC.rodD.bun【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项potato“土豆，马铃薯”；B选项cake“蛋糕，块状物；利益总额”；C选项rod“棒，惩罚，枝条，权力”；D选项bun“小圆面包”。hot potato为俗语，意思是烫手的山芋，即棘手的事件。句意：这一事件升级为一个棘手的政治事件。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题He promised to return the book the next day without（ ）.问题1选项A.failB.defaultC.troubleD.failure【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项fail“失败，不及格；破产；缺乏；衰退”；B选项default “（n.）违约，拖欠；缺席；（v.）不履行，拖欠，违约；默认，预设；因未到场而取消参赛资格”；C选项trouble“（n.）麻烦；烦恼；故障；动乱；（v.）麻烦；使烦恼；折磨；费心；烦恼”；D选项failure“失败；故障；失败者；破产”。根据固定搭配without fail“务必；必定，无疑”可知该题选fail。句意：他答应第二天一定把书还给我。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题Barack Obama revs up on the environment by letting states set car-emissions standards.问题1选项A.lands upB.botches upC.starts upD.sharks up【答案】C【解析】考查近义短语辨析。A选项land up“到达终点；最终成为；使淤塞”；B选项botch up“搞坏；弄糟”；C选项start up“开始；发动；突然站起；突然出现”；D选项shark up“敲诈”。句意：巴拉克奥巴马（Barack Obama）通过让各州设定汽车排放标准来加速环境保护。rev up“使更活跃；使快转；加速”。与该词组意思最接近的是C选项，因此C选项正确。9. 单选题An emergency rights issue by HBOS was a flop: only 8.3% of the British banks shares were taken up by investors.问题1选项A.misfeasanceB.washoutC.flameD.optima【答案】B【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项misfeasance“过失；行为失检；不当行为”；B选项washout“冲刷；失败者”；C选项flame“火焰；热情；光辉”；D选项optima“最合适条件；最佳状态”。句意：苏格兰哈里法克斯银行（HBOS）的一次紧急配股发行失败了：投资者只认购了这家英国银行8.3%的股份。flop“彻底失败，不成功；沉重、松散又笨拙的动作”，B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。10. 单选题His strong sense of humor was（ ）make everyone in the room burst out laughing.问题1选项A.so as toB.such as toC.so thatD.such that【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项so as to“以便；以致”；B选项such as to“到如此程度以致；像这个样子因而”；C选项so that“以便；所以”；D选项such that“如此以至于”。to后面不能直接加句子，排除A/B, so that虽然可以是一个词组，但是在这个句子里，修饰的是“sense”，是个名词，应该用such。句意：他强烈的幽默感使房间里的每个人都捧腹大笑。因此D选项正确。11. 单选题Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavators grip on the market, thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities. You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value. But, you might reply everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value. Here we part company. Theoretically, you may be correct in claiming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong.I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another. In one small excavation in Cyprus, archaeologists recently uncovered 2,000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard. Even precious royal seal impressions known as melekh handles have been found in abundancemore than 4,000 examples so far.The basement of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds; as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered.Indeed, with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes.It would be unrealistic to suggest that illegal dicing would stop if artifacts were sold on the open market. But the demand for the clandestine product would be substantially reduced. Who would want an unmarked pot when another was available whose provenance was known, and that was dated stratigraphically by the professional archaeologist who excavated it?1. The primary purpose of the passage is to propose（ ）.2. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in museum basements?3. The authors argument concerning the effect of the official sale of duplicate artifacts on illegal excavation is based on which of the following assumptions?4. The author anticipates which of the following initial objections to the adoption of his proposal?5. The author implies that which of the following would occur if duplicate artifacts were sold on the open market?I. Illegal excavation would eventually cease completely.II. Cyprus would become the primary source of marketable duplicate artifacts.III. Archaeologists would be able to publish the results of their excavations more frequently than they currently do.问题1选项A.an alternative to museum display of artifactsB.a way to curb illegal dicing while benefiting the archaeological professionC.a way to distinguish artifacts with scientific value from those that have no such valueD.the governmental regulation of archaeological sites问题2选项A.Museum officials rarely allow scholars access to such artifacts.B.Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage.C.Artifacts discovered in one excavation often become separated from each other.D.Such artifacts often remain uncatalogued and thus cannot be located once they are put in storage.问题3选项A.Prospective purchasers would prefer to buy authenticated artifacts.B.The price of illegally excavated artifacts would rise.C.Computers could be used to trace sold artifacts.D.Money gained from selling authenticated artifacts could be used to investigate and prosecute illegal excavators.问题4选项A.Museum officials will become unwilling to store artifacts.B.An oversupply of salable artifacts will result and the demand for them will fall.C.Artifacts that would have been displayed in public places will be sold to private collectors.D.Illegal excavators will have an even larger supply of artifacts for resale.问题5选项A.I onlyB.III onlyC.I and III onlyD.II and III only【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干定位到文章第二段“I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging.（我想提出一个令人发指的建议，政府应为考古学提供资金，并减少非法挖掘的数量。）”。A选项“博物馆文物陈列的替代品”；B选项“在有益于考古行业的同时遏制非法挖掘的方法”；C选项“区分有科学价值和没有科学价值的文物的方法”；D选项“政府对考古遗址的管制”。联系全文可知B选项更符合题意。2.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章第四段“There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds; as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered.（甚至没有足够的钱来整理这些发现；结果，它们再也找不到了，变得像从未被发现过一样难以接近。）”。A选项“博物馆官员很少允许学者接触这些文物”；B选项“占用了可以更好地用于展示的空间用于存储”；C选项“在发掘中发现的文物往往彼此分离”；D选项“这类工件通常保持未编目状态，因此一旦放入存储中就无法定位”。因此D选项正确。3.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章第二段“I would propose that scientific archeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results.（我建议，科学的考古考察和政府当局在公开市场上出售发掘出来的文物。这种销售将为挖掘和保存考古遗址以及公布结果提供大量资金。）”。A选项“潜在购买者更愿意购买经过认证的文物”；B选项“非法挖掘文物的价格会上涨”；C选项“计算机可以用来追踪出售的文物”；D选项“出售经过鉴定的文物所得的钱可以用来调查和起诉非法挖掘者”。因此D选项正确。4.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章最后一段“But the demand for the clandestine product would be substantially reduced.（但对这种秘密产品的需求将大大减少。）”由此可知复制的工件会供过于求，于是这些工件会大量涌现，最终会导致对这些畅销品的需求下降。因此B选项正确。5.判断推理题。由题干可定位到文章第三段“In one small excavation in Cyprus, archaeologists recently uncovered 2,000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard（在塞浦路斯的一次小型发掘中，考古学家最近在一个院子里发现了2000个几乎无法辨认的小陶罐。）”，由此可推断出塞浦路斯可能会成为复制品的主要市场来源。A选项“非法挖掘最终将完全停止”说法太过绝对化，文章并未提到完全终止。B选项“考古学家将能够比现在更频繁地公布他们的发掘成果”，如果复制工件合法化，考古学家会更愿意公开他们的挖掘成果。因此D选项正确。12. 单选题Just as the authors book on eels is often a key text for courses in marine vertebrate zoology, their ideas on animal development and phylogeny（ ）teaching in this area.问题1选项A.preventB.defyC.replicateD.inform【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项prevent“预防，防止；阻止；妨碍，阻止”；B选项defy“藐视；公然反抗；挑衅；使落空”；C选项replicate“复制；折叠；重复；折转”；D选项inform“通知；告诉；报告；告发；告密”。句意：就像作者关于鳗鱼的书经常是海洋脊椎动物学课程的关键文本一样，他们关于动物发展和系统发育的观点也影响着这一领域的教学。因此D选项正确。13. 单选题It is Gas Naturals third attempt to hook up with a big partner in Spains rapidly consolidating power industry, having been rebuffed by Endesa in 2005 and Iberdrola in 2003.问题1选项A.repulsedB.disclaimedC.excoriatedD.redintegrated【答案】B【解析】考查近义动词辨析。A选项repulse“驱逐；憎恶”；B选项disclaim“否认，拒绝；放弃，弃权；拒绝承认”；C选项excoriate“严厉的责难；擦破的皮肤”；D选项redintegrate“使复原；重建；使更新”。句意：这是西班牙天然气公司第三次尝试在西班牙快速巩固的电力行业中与大型合作伙伴结盟，2005年被Endesa公司拒绝，2003年被Iberdrola公司拒绝。rebuff“断然拒绝”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。14. 单选题She didnt（ ）matters; she just told him he was useless.问题1选项A.worsenB.complicateC.decideD.mince【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项worsen“更坏的；更差的；更糟，更坏”；B选项complicate“使复杂化；使恶化；使卷入”；C选项decide“决定；解决；判决；决定，下决心”；D选项mince“切碎；矫揉造作地说；装腔作势；碎步走”。句意：她没有把事情复杂化；她只是说他没用。因此B选项正确。15. 单选题I didnt call to make my airline reservation, but I（ ）.问题1选项A.should haveB.may haveC.must haveD.shall have【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。A选项should have“本该做却没有做”；B选项may have通常接过去分词，用于虚拟语气，表示“过去可能”；C选项must have done表示对过去的肯定的逻辑推测，推定某件事情、动作或状态可能在过去发生过（存在过），如果must have done与by now连用，还可以表示对现在完成的动作和状态的肯定推测，但实质上还是指所推测的过去的动作；D选项shall have done通常用来表示将来完成时。句意：我没有打电话订机票，但我应该打电话订的。因此A选项正确。16. 单选题The commission would find itself（ ）at every turn if its members couldnt reach an agreement.问题1选项A.collidedB.savagedC.crumbledD.hampered【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项collided“（偶然）碰撞，冲突，（不同的观念、想法等）碰撞（而产生有趣结果）”；B选项savaged“乱咬，粗暴的对待，凶猛地攻击”；C选项crumbled“弄碎，破碎”；D选项hampered“阻碍，限制”。句意：如果委员们不能达成一致意见，该委员会将处处受阻。因此D选项正确。17. 单选题Thomas Jeffersons achievements as an architect rival his contributions（ ）a politician.问题1选项A.suchB.thanC.asD.more【答案】C【解析】考查固定句式。Asas“与一样”。句意：托马斯杰斐逊作为建筑师的成就与他作为政治家的贡献不相上下。因此C选项正确。18. 单选题Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members of democratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents rift.问题1选项A.demurB.divisionC.complianceD.discern【答案】B【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项demur“异议；反对”；B选项division“除法；部门；分配；分裂；分割；赛区”；C选项compliance“顺从，服从；符合；屈从；可塑性”；D选项discern仅可做动词，意为“觉察出；识别；了解；隐约看见；辨别”。句意：不开明的独裁管理者很少意识到民主管理的工作团队成员之间严重冲突程度较低的一个关键原因：对异见的少量容忍往往可以防止出现裂痕。rift“裂缝；不和；裂口”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。19. 单选题The number of 500 is a(n)（ ）number for 498 or 503.问题1选项A.oddB.roundC.longD.even【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项odd number“奇数”；B选项round number“整数”；C选项long number“多位数”；D选项even number“偶数”。题干中需知道数字500与498和503的关系，句意：500是498或503的近似百位整数。因此B选项正确。20. 单选题Crediting all good to Mr. Obamas leadership and all bad to Republican obstructionism, as Mr. Cassidy does, may not be entirely honest, but it does have the considerable virtue of freeing Mr. Obama of the burden of running as a feckless wimp stymied by Republican bullying.问题1选项A.obstructedB.quippedC.grungeD.wrecked【答案】A【解析】考查同义动词辨析。A选项obstructed“阻塞，妨碍，遮住”；B选项quipped“嘲弄，讥讽”；C选项grunge“（仅为名词）蹩脚货，乏味的东西，难看的东西”；D选项wrecked“破坏，毁灭，（使）船舶失事，（使）遭遇沉船，毁船打劫，遭遇（船舶）失事，拆除”。句意：像卡西迪那样，把所有的好事都归功于奥巴马的领导，把所有的坏事都归功于共和党的阻挠，这可能不是完全诚实的，但它确实有相当大的好处，让奥巴马摆脱了竞选时被共和党的欺凌所束缚的软弱无能的负担。Stymy“阻挠，妨碍”，A选项与该词意思最相近，因此A选项正确。