2022年考博英语-河北工业大学考前模拟强化练习题45（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-河北工业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Richard, King of England from 1189 to 1199, with all his characteristic virtues and faults cast in a heroic mould, is one of the most fascinating medieval figures. He has been described as the creature and embodiment of the age of chivalry. In those days the lion was much admired in heraldry, and more than one king sought to link himself with its repute. When Richards contemporaries called him “Coeur de Lion” (The Lion heart), they paid a lasting compliment to the king of beasts. Little did the English people owe him for his services, and heavily did they pay for his adventures. He was in England only twice for a few short months in his ten years reign; yet his memory has always English hearts, and seems to present throughout the centuries the pattern of the fighting man. In all deeds of prowess as well as in large schemes of war Richard shone. He was tall and delicately shaped strong in nerve and sinew, and most dexterous in arms. He rejoiced in personal combat, and regarded his opponents without malice as necessary agents in his fame He loved war, not so much for the sake of glory or political ends, but as other men love science or poetry, for the excitement of the struggle and the glow of victory. By this his whole temperament was toned; and united with the highest qualities of the military commander, love of war called forth all the powers of his mind and body.Although a man of blood and violence, Richard was too impetuous to be either treacherous or habitually cruel. He was as ready to forgive as he was hasty to offend; he was open-handed and munificent to profusion; in war circumspect in design and skillful in execution; in political a child, lacking in subtlety and experience. His political alliances were formed upon his likes and dislikes; his political schemes had neither unity nor clearness of purpose. The advantages gained for him by military geoids were flung away through diplomatic ineptitude. When, on the journey to the East, Messina in Sicily was won by his arms he was easily persuaded to share with his polished, faithless ally, Philip Augustus, fruits of a victory which more wisely used might have foiled the French Kings artful schemes. The rich and tenable acquisition of Cyprus was cast away even more easily than it was won. His life was one magnificent parade, which, when ended, left only an empty plain.In 1199, when the difficulties of raising revenue for the endless war were at their height, good news was brought to King Richard. It was said there had been dug up near the castle of Chaluz, on the lands of one of his French vassals, a treasure of wonderful quality; a group of golden images of an emperor, his wife, sons and daughters, seated round a table, also of gold, had been unearthed. The King claimed this treasure as lord paramount. The lord of Chaluz resisted the demand, and the King laid siege to his small, weak castle. On the third day, as he rode daringly, near the wall, confident in his hard-tried luck, a bolt from a crossbow struck him in the left shoulder by the neck. The wound, already deep, was aggravated by the necessary cutting out of the arrow-head. Gangrene set in, and Coeur de Lion knew that he must pay a soldiers debt. He prepared for death with fortitude and calm, and in accordance with the principles he had followed. He arranged his affairs, he divided his personal belongings among his friends or bequeathed them to charity. He declared John to be his heir, and made all present swear fealty to him. He ordered the archer who had shot the fatal bolt, and who was now a prisoner, to be brought before him. He pardoned him, and made him a gift of money. For seven years he had not confessed for fear of being compelled to be reconciled to Philip, but now he received the offices of the Church with sincere and exemplary piety, and died in the forty-second year of his age on April 6, 1199, worthy, by the consent of all men, to sit with King Arthur and Roland and other heroes of martial romance at some Eternal round Table, which we trust the Creator of the Universe in His comprehension will not have forgotten to provide. The archer was flayed alive.30. “Little did the English people own him for his service” (paragraph One) means that the English _.31. To say that his life was a “magnificent parade” (paragraph Two) implies that it was to some extent _.32. Richards behavior as death approached showed _.33. The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard was _.34. Which of the following phrase best describes Richard as seen by the author?35. The relationship between the first and second paragraphs is that _.问题1选项A.paid few taxes to himB.gave him little respectC.received little protection from himD.had no real cause to feel grateful to him问题2选项A.spent chiefly at warB.impressive and admirableC.lived too pompouslyD.an empty show问题3选项A.bravery and self-controlB.wisdom and correctnessC.devotion and romanceD.chivalry and charity问题4选项A.cheated by his own successorsB.determined to take revenge on his enemiesC.more generous to his enemies than his successorsD.unable to influence the behavior of his successors问题5选项A.An aggressive king, too fond of war.B.A brave king with minor faults.C.A competent but cunning soldier.D.A kind with great political skills.问题6选项A.each presents one side of the pictureB.the first generalizes the second gives examplesC.the second is the logical result of the firstD.both present Richards virtues and faults【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B第6题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】1. “Little did the English people own him for his service” (paragraph One) means that the English _. 1. 第一段说“英国人对他的贡献并不怎么感激”意味着英国人_。A. paid few taxes to him A. 付了很少的税B. gave him little respect B. 不尊重他C. received little protection from him C. 几乎没有得到他的保护D. had no real cause to feel grateful to him D. 没有真正的理由感激他【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】首先根据题干定位至第一段第五句“英国人对他的贡献并不怎么感激”，结合下一句的意思“在他执政的十年中，他只去过两次英国，只有短短几个月；然而关于他的记忆一直萦绕在英国人的心中，似乎在几个世纪以来都呈现出斗士的形象”可知，英格兰国王理查德在执政的十年里，只去过两次英国，所以推断“英国人对他的贡献并不怎么感激”这句话暗含的意思是“英格兰国王理查德并没有什么实质的理由让英国人对他感到感激”。因此，该题选择D项“没有真正的理由感激他”。【干扰项排除】A项“付了很少的税”和C项“几乎没有得到他的保护”在原文没有提及，属于无中生有；B项“不尊重他”根据第一段第四句“当理查德时代的人称他为狮心时，他们对这位百兽之王给予了永久的赞美”可知，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。2.【选项释义】2. To say that his life was a “magnificent parade” (paragraph Two) implies that it was to some extent _. 2. 如果说他的一生是一场“壮丽的游行”（第二段），在某种程度上意味着他的一生是_。A. spent chiefly at war A. 主要在战争中度过的B. impressive and admirable B. 令人印象深刻C. lived too pompously C. 过于浮夸D. an empty show D. 一场空洞的表演【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干可定位至第二段最后一句“他的一生是一场壮丽的游行，游行结束时，只留下一片空旷的平原”，该段讲述了理查德的优缺点，包括他的性格以及战争与政治上不同的处事风格，第五句指出他其中一个缺点“他在军事上获得的优势由于外交上的无能而消失殆尽”，随后用了墨西拿和塞浦路斯来举例证明，综上所述，我们可以推断“magnificent parade（壮丽的游行）”暗指理查德这一生虽然得到了很多，但是因为他其他方面的缺点也失去了很多，什么都没有留下。因此，该题选择D项“一场空洞的表演”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“主要在战争中度过的”在文中没有提到，属于无中生有；B项“令人印象深刻”和C项“过于浮夸”由解题思路可知，这两项属于曲解原文。3.【选项释义】3. Richards behavior as death approached showed _. 3. 理查德临死前的行为表明_。A. bravery and self-control A. 勇气和自我控制B. wisdom and correctness B. 智慧和正确性C. devotion and romance C. 热情和浪漫D. chivalry and charity D. 骑士精神和慈善【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段第八至十二句“他以坚忍和平静，并按照他所遵循的原则，为死亡做好了准备。他安排自己的事务，把个人财产分给朋友或捐给慈善机构。他宣布约翰为他的继承人，并让在场的所有人宣誓效忠他。他命令把那个射下致命箭的弓箭手带到他面前，现在他已经成了一个囚犯。他原谅了他，给了他一笔钱作为礼物。”可知，理查德临死前把个人财产捐给了慈善机构，还原谅了射下致命箭的弓箭手，并给了他一笔钱，这体现了理查德的骑士精神和慈善精神，因此该题选择D项“骑士精神和慈善”。【干扰项排除】A项“勇气和自我控制”、B项“智慧和正确性”和C项“热情和浪漫”由解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。4.【选项释义】4. The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard was _.4. 最后一小段的意思是理查德_。A. cheated by his own successors A. 被他的继承人欺骗了B. determined to take revenge on his enemies B. 决心要报复他的敌人C. more generous to his enemies than his successors C. 对他的敌人比他的继任者更慷慨D. unable to influence the behavior of his successors D. 无法影响他继任者的行为【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】定位至最后一段，前半部分讲述了理查德是如何分配他的财产和继承权，以及原谅了射下致命箭的弓箭手，并给了他一笔钱，但是在该段最后一句却提到“弓箭手被活活剥了皮”，这是发生在理查德死后的事情，这表明理查德无法影响他继任者的行为。因此，该题选择D项“无法影响他继任者的行为”。【干扰项排除】A项“被他的继承人欺骗了”和C项“对他的敌人比他的继任者更慷慨”在原文没有依据，属于无中生有；B项“决心要报复他的敌人”由解题思路可知，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰。5.【选项释义】5. Which of the following phrase best describes Richard as seen by the author?5. 下面哪个短语最能描述作者眼中的理查德？A. An aggressive king, too fond of war. A. 一个好斗的国王，太喜欢战争。B. A brave king with minor faults. B. 一个勇敢的国王，但有一些小缺点。C. A competent but cunning soldier. C. 一个能干但狡猾的士兵。D. A kind with great political skills. D. 一种具有高超政治技巧的人。【答案】B【考查点】观点态度题。【解题思路】通读全文，第一段介绍了理查德的个性以及在英国人心中的地位，第一句指出“他所有的美德和缺点都被塑造成了英雄形象，是中世纪最迷人的人物之一”，然后第二段第一句提到“虽然理查德是一个嗜血和暴力的人，并且冲动，但他既不奸诈，也不惯于残忍”，后面还指出，尽管他军事上战果累累，但是由于政治计划混乱和外交上的缺陷导致他的一生是一场壮丽的游行，当游行结束时，只留下一片空旷的平原，而最后一段指出理查德在死亡临近时表现出了骑士精神和慈善。因此，作者眼中的理查德应该是一个有缺点的英勇的国王，故选B项“一个勇敢的国王，但有一些小缺点”。【干扰项排除】A项“一个好斗的国王，太喜欢战争”和D项“一种具有高超政治技巧的人”根据解题思路可知，作者对理查德的描述是比较客观的，而这两项描述的比较片面，所以属于以偏概全；C项“一个能干但狡猾的士兵”根据原文可知，理查德是一个国王而非士兵，该项属于曲解原文。6.【选项释义】6. The relationship between the first and second paragraphs is that _. 6. 第一段和第二段的关系是_。A. each presents one side of the picture A. 每一段都展示了其中一面形象B. the first generalizes the second gives examples B. 第一段概括，第二段给出例子C. the second is the logical result of the first C. 第二段是第一段的逻辑结果D. both present Richards virtues and faults D. 分别体现了理查德的优点和缺点【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据原文内容可知，第一段和第二段分别都对理查德的优点和缺点进行了描述，第一段由第二句“他被描述为骑士时代的产物和化身”和第五句“英国人对他的贡献并不怎么感激，却为他的冒险付出了沉重的代价”可以看出，该段对理查德的优缺点都有进行讲述；第二段由前三句“虽然理查德是个凶残的人，但他生性冲动，既不会背信弃义，也不会惯于残忍。他随时准备原谅，就像他急于冒犯别人一样。他是个慷慨大方的人。在战争中，有周密的计划和熟练的执行；在政治上还是个孩子，缺乏敏锐和经验。”可以看出，该段也对理查德的优缺点进行描述，所以该题选择D项“分别体现了理查德的优点和缺点”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“每一段都展示了其中一面形象”、B项“第一段概括，第二段给出例子”和C项“第二段是第一段的逻辑结果”由解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。2. 翻译题什么是幸福？古今中外，很多人都对它作出过不少的论述。幸福是一种心境、一种感觉，是心里欲望得到满足时的状态，是感到生活有巨大乐趣并自然而然地希望它持续久远的愉快心情。有些人穷其一生却找不到幸福，而有些人则时刻被幸福光环所围绕。这是因为幸福的人有一颗感知幸福的心，有一双善于发现幸福的眼睛。对于这样的人，一切都显得美好。房后清风做琴，檐下雨露为弦，屋顶鸟啾如歌，天上月光当酒。幸福简单又深奥，玄妙又简洁。所以要想得到幸福就要有一种如水心态，在平淡中寻找幸福，在细微中品味幸福。幸福有时就是一个分式，欲望是分母，所得是分子。如果想得到更多的幸福，最好的方法莫过于减少分母，增加分子。【答案】What is happiness? Many people have made a lot of discussion about it at all times. Happiness is a kind of mood, a feeling, a state when desires in the heart is satisfied, or a happy mood which feels the great joy of life and hopes that it can last for a long time naturally. Some people spend their entire lives but cannot find happiness, while others are always surrounded by it. This is because happy people have a heart which can perceive happiness, and a pair of eyes which is gWhat is happiness? Ancient and modern, many people have made a lot of discussion on it. Happiness is a mood, a feeling, a state of mind in which the desires of the heart are satisfied, a joyful mood in which one feels that life has great pleasures and naturally wants them to last. Some people go through life without finding happiness, while others are surrounded by a halo of happiness. This is because happy people have a heart to perceive happiness, and a pair of eyes good at finding happiness. For these person, all is well. Behind the house, wind as a lyre; under the eaves, rain and dew as a string; on the roof, birds tweet like a song; and in the sky, moonlight as wine. Happiness is simple and profound, mysterious and concise. So if you want to get happiness, you should have a mentality like water, looking for happiness in the plain, and tasting happiness in the subtle. Happiness is sometimes a fraction, desire is the denominator, while gains is the numerator. If you want more happiness, the best way is to reduce the denominator and increase the numerator.3. 单选题In the United States, the _ between the rich and the poor is growing, with the gap widening yearly.问题1选项A.penuryB.disparityC.ameliorationD.languidness【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. penury贫困，贫穷 B. disparity不等，不一致C. amelioration改进，改善 D. languidness疲倦，阴沉【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据后半句句意“随着贫富差距每年的扩大”可以推知，穷人和富人之间的差异同样也在扩大，空格处表示“不平等，差异”符合句意，因此该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】在美国，随着贫富差距每年的扩大，穷人与富人之间的不平等也在扩大。4. 单选题The Welsh language has always been the ultimate market of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Governments financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europes regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the countrys three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the clubScotland, Northern Ireland, and Walesa bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers, its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europeonly Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline. Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots,” is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nations symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhereon T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.“Until very recent times, most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Waless annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We cant do anything, were only Welsh. Now I think thats changing.”1. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to _.2. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph means _.3. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPT _.4. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity?5. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed is _.问题1选项A.maintain the present status among the nationsB.reduce legislative powers of EnglandC.create a better state of equality among the nationsD.grant more say to all the nations in the union问题2选项A.separatistB.conventionalC.feudalD.political问题3选项A.peoples desire for devolutionB.locals turnout for the votingC.powers of the legislative bodyD.status of the national language问题4选项A.Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B.Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.C.A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D.The national symbol has become a familiar sight.问题5选项A.peoples mentalityB.pop cultureC.towns appearanceD.possibilities for the people【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【选项释义】1. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to _. 1. 根据这篇文章，权力下放主要是为了_。A. maintain the present status among the nations A. 维持目前在各国之间的地位B. reduce legislative powers of England B. 减少英格兰的立法权C. create a better state of equality among the nations C. 在国家之间创造一个更好的平等状况D. grant more say to all the nations in the union D. 给联盟中所有的国家更多的发言权【答案】C【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据关键词devolution定位至第二段第三句“权力下放背后的理念是恢复组成联合王国的各个国家之间的平衡（restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom）”可知，权力下放的目的是为了维持各个国家之间的平衡，C项“在国家之间创造一个更好的平等状况”表述符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“维持目前在各国之间的地位”，根据解题思路，由restore可推断，成员国原来的关系已经被破坏，所以该项属于曲解原文；B项“减少英格兰的立法权”，由第二段最后一句“托尼布莱尔实施了从威斯敏斯特移交部分立法权的计划，目的是给俱乐部的其他成员苏格兰、北爱尔兰和威尔士更大的发言权”可知，部分立法权的转移旨在给其他成员更大的话语权，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；D项“给联盟中所有的国家更多的发言权”，由C项解题思路可知，原文只提到会赋予苏格兰、北爱尔兰、威尔士更大发言权，并非所有成员国，该项曲解原文。2.【选项释义】2. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph means _. 2. 第二段中的“centrifugal”的意思是_。A. separatist A. 分离主义者的B. conventional B. 传统的C. feudal C. 封建制度的D. political D. 政治的【答案】A【考查点】词汇推测题。【解题思路】根据关键词centrifugal定位至第二段最后一句“托尼布莱尔实施了从威斯敏斯特移交部分立法权的计划，目的是给俱乐部的其他成员苏格兰、北爱尔兰和威尔士更大的发言权，并且对抗似乎威胁到联盟理念的centrifugal力量”，从中可知，要对抗这种会威胁到联盟理念的力量，说明这种力量会分散成员国之间的联合，所以推测centrifugal表示“分离的，分散的”，A选项“分离主义者的”词义与之意思相近。因此，该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B项“传统的”、C项“封建制度的”和D项“政治的”由解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。3.【选项释义】3. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPT _. 3. 除了_，威尔士在以下方面都与苏格兰不同。A. peoples desire for devolution A. 人民对权力下放的渴望B. locals turnout for the voting B. 当地选民的投票率C. powers of the legislative body C. 立法机构的权力D. status of the national language D. 国家语言的地位【答案】D【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据文章第一段最后一句“威尔士语现在是欧洲最成功的地方语言之一，在这个国家的300万人口中，有50多万人讲威尔士语”可知，虽然原文第一段提到了威尔士语言的成功性，但是文中并没有提到苏格兰语言的地位，这两者没有可比性，D项“国家语言的地位”属于无中生有，符合题干。因此，该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A项“人民对权力下放的渴望”，根据第三段前两句“威尔士人对权力下放并不热心。苏格兰人以压倒性优势投票支持成立议会，而威尔士议会的投票仅以不到1%的得票率勉强通过，投票率不到25%。”可知，这两个国家人民对权利下放态度截然不同，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；B项“当地选民的投票率”，根据A项解题思路可知，威尔士的投票率不到25%，而苏格兰 却以压倒性的投票率支持成立议会，可见这两个国家的选民投票率不同，该项属于反向干扰；C项“立法机构的权力”，根据第三段第五句“与爱丁堡不同，威尔士不能制定法律”可知，爱丁堡属于苏格兰，也就是说苏格兰和威尔士的立法机构的制定法律的权力不同，该项也符合原文，属于反向干扰。4.【选项释义】4. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identity?4. 以下哪一项没有被引用作为威尔士民族身份复苏的例子？A. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language. A. 威尔士语见证了它作为一种全国性语言的复兴。B. Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union. B. 扶贫资金来自欧盟。C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation. C. 威尔士国家航空公司目前正在运营。D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight. D. 这个国家的象征已成为人们熟悉的景象。【答案】B【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段倒数第二句“与此同时，来自欧盟的近200万美元赠款将用于解决贫困问题”可知，原文虽然提到威尔士从欧盟拿到将近200万美元解决贫困问题，但并不表明它的民族身份得到复苏，由此可判断本题选择B项“扶贫资金来自欧盟”。【干扰项排除】A项“威尔士语见证了它作为一种全国性语言的复兴”，根据第二段第一句“这种语言的复兴，尤其是在年轻人中，是席卷这个自豪的小国的民族身份复兴的一部分”可知，语言的复兴，是威尔士民族认同感复兴的一部分，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；C项“威尔士国家航空公司目前正在运营”，根据第四段第四句“威尔士现在拥有一家国家航空公司”，结合本段第一句提到“报纸和杂志上充斥着伟大的威尔士男人和女人的故事，提升了他们的自尊”可知，该项是提升威尔士人自尊的例子，