2022年考博英语-西北大学考前模拟强化练习题99（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-西北大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题I suggested he should （ ）himself to his new conditions.问题1选项A.adaptB.adoptC.regulateD.suit【答案】A【解析】adapt使适应，改编； adopt采取，接受；regulate调节，规定；suit合适，相称。根据句意可知，这里应该是使自己适应新环境，所以选项A正确。2. 单选题I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes, it is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else. Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her. She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness. I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I dont know the word for ribbons, so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head, I looked at her ribbons and said Beautiful. She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasnt sure if she understood me (I dont speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs on them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over theprice; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldnt make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace, I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didnt, of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didnt cry.1.According to the writer, the woman in the marketplace（ ）.2.Which of the following in NOT correct?3.The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because woman （ ）.4.Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?5.When the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but didnot because（ ）.问题1选项A.refused to speak to her.B.was pleasant and attractive.C.was selling skirts and ribbons.D.recognized her immediately.问题2选项A.The writer was not used to bargaining.B.People in Asia always bargain when buying things.C.Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D.The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.问题3选项A.thought that the last offer was reasonable.B.thought she could still make much money.C.was glad that the writer knew their way of bargaining.D.was tired of bargaining with the writer any more.问题4选项A.The skirts were cheap and pretty.B.She liked the patterns on the skirts.C.She wanted to do something as compensation.D.She was fed up with further bargaining with the woman.问题5选项A.she had learned to stay cool and unfeeling.B.she was afraid of crying in public.C.she had learned to face difficulties bravely.D.she had to show in public that she was strong.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第二段作者的描写可知，她是令人愉快且吸引人的。所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据第四段的最后三句话“.I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.”可知选项 B、C、D均正确。只有选项A错误。3.细节事实题。根据第五段“She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made.”售货员很到高兴是因为作者知道如何用他们国家的方式进行讨价还价, 所以选项C符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第五段“The price was too low.pay her three times as much before.”可知，作者觉得价格太低，怕售货员挣不到钱，所以多买了几件作为一种补偿。选项C符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据倒数第三段“I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.”我学会了在困难面前保护自己；不知不觉中，我也学会了保护自己不被温柔以及容易的东西伤害。可知，作者没有哭是因为她已经学会控制自己的情绪不会轻易受到影响，选项A符合题意。3. 单选题You cant be （ ）careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.问题1选项A.veryB.quiteC.tooD.so【答案】C【解析】cant be too 为固定搭配，意为“再也不为过”。句意：这是一个如此重要的案件，你做决定时怎么谨慎也不过分。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题When she began the job, Lisa showed （ ）and was promoted to a manager after a year.问题1选项A.nitiativeB.ambitionC.attributeD.peculiarity【答案】B【解析】initiative 主动权，首创精神；ambition抱负，雄心；attribute属性，特质；peculiarity怪癖，特征。句意：当丽莎开始这份工作时就展现了她的抱负，一年后被提升为经理。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题（ ）as only a second-rate Impressionist painter, Pisarro has recently received high praise from art critics.问题1选项A.He was long regardedB.Long was he regardedC.Long regardedD.Being long regarded【答案】C【解析】考查分词做状语。再由这里事情的发生有先后顺序知使用一般 过去式的C项正确；D项的被动式现在分词表原因，所以不正确。句意：长期以来，Pisarro一直被认为是二流印象派画家，最近他受到了艺术评论家的高度赞扬。6. 单选题I think that I committed a （ ）in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.问题1选项A.blunderB.revengeC.reproachD.scandal【答案】A【解析】blunder 大错，愚蠢的错误；revenge报复，复仇；reproach责备，耻辱；scandal丑闻，流言蜚语。句意：我认为我在问她的时候犯了一个大错，因为她似乎被我的问题弄得很心烦。选项A符合语境。7. 单选题The massive, black, horned buffalo, formerly found throughout sub-Saharan Africa, is a gregarious animal of open or scrub-covered plains and open forests.问题1选项A.rottenB.sociableC.wealthyD.beautiful【答案】B【解析】句意：巨大的、黑色的、有角的水牛，原产于非洲撒哈拉以南，是一种群居动物，生活在开阔的或灌木覆盖的平原和开阔的森林中。gregarious意为“社交的，群居的”。rotten 腐烂的，堕落的；sociable好交际的，友善的；wealthy富有的；beautiful美丽的。选项B与之意思相近。8. 单选题If profit and money are your first （ ）, and commitment to people your least concern, you have failed education.问题1选项A.potentialityB.priorityC.superiorityD.responsibility【答案】B【解析】potentiality潜力，可能性；priority优先权，优先考虑的事；superiority优越，优势；responsibility责任，职责，义务。句意：如果利润和金钱是你最优先考虑的事，而对他人的承诺是你最不关心的，那么你的教育就是失败的。选项B符合句意。9. 单选题All individuals are required to （ ）to the laws made by their governments.问题1选项A.obeyB.conformC.concedeD.observe【答案】B【解析】obey服从，听从；conform遵守，使一致，顺从；concede承认，退让；observe观察，注意到，评论。 句意：所有个人都必须遵守政府制定的法律。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题Scientists should have choice as to what areas they explore, and certainly have the ethical right and obligations as （ ）to influence what use is made of their discoveries.问题1选项A.anthropologistsB.philanthropistsC.archaeologistsD.humanists【答案】D【解析】anthropologist 人类学家；philanthropist 慈善家；archaeologist考古学家；humanist 人道主义者。句意：科学家应该选择他们所探索的领域，他们当然也有像人道主义者一样的道德权利和义务来影响他们的发现的用途。选项D符合语境。11. 单选题Opportunities for rewarding work become fewer for both men and women as they grew older. After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection. Our youth-oriented, threw-away culture sees little value in older people. In writer Lillian Hellmans words, they have the wisdom that comes with age that we cant make use of.”Unemployment and economic need for work is higher among older women, especially minorities, than among younger white women. A national council reports these findings. Though unemployed longer when seeking work, older women job-hunt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism, perform as well or better, are more reliable, and are more willing go learn than men or younger women. Yet many older women earn poor pay and face a future of poverty in their retirement years. When sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer on the doorstep-it moves in, according to Tish Sommers, director of a special study on older women for the National Organization for Women. Yet a 1981 report on the White House Conference on Aging shows that as a group, older Americans are the wealthiest, best fed, best housed, healthiest, most self-reliant older population in our history. This statement is small comfort to those living below the poverty line, but it does explode some of the old traditional beliefs and fears.Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years. They have few role models because in previous generations the life span was much shorter and expectations of life were fewer. They are ploughing new ground.Employers are beginning to recognize that the mature person can bring a great of stability and responsibility to a position. One doesnt lose ability and experience on the eve of ones 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21.1.After the age of 40,（ ）.2.From Hellmans remark, we can see that （ ）.3.Tish Sommers argues that（ ）.4.According to the third paragraph, it can be seen that older Americans（ ）.5.It can be concluded from the passage that the writer（ ）.问题1选项A.most workers are tired of their present jobsB.many workers tend to stick to their present jobsC.people find their jobs more rewarding than beforeD.people still wish to hunt fox more suitable jobs问题2选项A.full use has been made of the wisdom of older peopleB.the wisdom of older people is not valued by American societyC.older people are no less intelligent than young peopleD.the wisdom of older people is of great value to American society问题3选项A.older women usually hard to escape povertyB.older women usually perform better in their jobsC.the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexismD.more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism问题4选项A.have more job opportunities than young peopleB.live below the poverty lineC.have new opportunities to remain active in societyD.no longer believe in the promise of a happy life upon retirement问题5选项A.calls attention to the living conditions of older AmericansB.believes that the value of older people is gaining increasing recognitionC.attempts to justify the youthoriented, throw-away culture of the United StatesD.argues people should not retire at the age of 65 or 70【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的二三句“After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection.”40岁以后，找工作变得更加困难。许多人宁愿待在因为自己年纪太大而无法胜任的工作岗位上，也不愿面对可能的拒绝。选项B符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据关键词“Hellman”定位到第一段最后一句，用作家Lillian Hellman的话来说，他们拥有“我们无法利用的随着年龄增长而来的智慧”。再根据选项来推断，选项A中的“full use”明显错误；选项B“年长者的智慧没有被美国社会所重视”，符合原文；选项C和D在文中没有提及。所以本题选B。3.细节事实题。根据关键词定位到第二段，然而，许多老年妇女收入微薄，在退休后面临贫困的未来。据英国国家妇女组织一项针对老年妇女的特别研究的负责人Tish Sommers说，当性别歧视与年龄歧视发生冲突时，贫困就不再近在咫尺它正在向贫困逼近。也就是说，年长的女性通常很难摆脱贫困，选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段第一句“Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years.”尽管进入大公司并晋升的机会可能会减少，但许多老年人开始成功的小生意，自愿参加令人满意的活动，并在多年来都保持着活跃。由此可知，老年人有新的机会在社会上保持活跃，选项C符合原文。5.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知，作者主要表达的思想是美国社会忽略了年长者的智慧，再根据最后一段末句“One doesnt lose ability and experience on the eve of ones 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21.”一个人在65岁或70岁生日前夕不会丧失能力和经验，正如一个人在21岁时不会立即长大一样。也就是说，作者相信老年人的价值正在获得越来越多的认可。选项B符合原文。12. 单选题For several years the lives of the two old ladies continued to revolve in intimate enmity around each other.问题1选项A.companionshipB.hospitalityC.amiabilityD.hostility【答案】D【解析】句意：几年来，这两位老太太的生活一直围绕着彼此的恩怨而转。enmity意为敌意，憎恨。companionship 友谊，伴侣；hospitality 殷勤，好客；amiability 和蔼可亲，友善；hostility 敌意，敌对。选项D与之意思相近。13. 单选题1.Scientists have developed a slimming drug that successfully suppresses appetite and results in a dramatic loss of weight without any apparent ill effects.2.In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as is our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off to work the crops.3.Humor has been well defined as: “Thinking in fun while feeling in earnest”.4.法律真正的意义，是要把一个自由而有理性的人导向正当的意义上去，而不是对此加以限制的。5.然而，研究人员在报告中提醒说，相对于患更严重的疾病的危险来说，这些益处简直微不足道。问题1选项A.科学家们已经研制出了一种减肥药，它能有效地抑制食欲，导致体重显著下降而无任何明显的不良反应。B.科学家们已经开发出了一种减肥药，它能成功地控制食欲，使体重显著下降，同时有明显的不良反应。C.科学家们已经研制出了一种减食疗法的药，它能有效地抑制食欲，导致体重显著 下降而无任何明显的不良反应。问题2选项A.在美国农村，时间是根据生长季节来安排的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业，但几乎所有的学校的校历安排似乎是我们的孩子们早早回家只是去挤牛奶或是几个月不上学去地里种庄稼。B.在美国农村，一年是根据农时来安排的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业，但几乎所有的学校的时间安排似乎是我们的孩子们早早回家去挤牛奶或是花上几个月时间去地里种庄稼。C.在美国农村，上学时间是根据农时来决定的。现在虽然只有3%的家庭从事农业，但几乎所有的学校的校历安排似乎是让孩子们早早回家去挤牛奶或是花上几个月时间去地里种庄稼。问题3选项A.幽默被人很好地解释为：“带着认真的情绪滑稽地思考”。B.幽默被人很恰当地解释为：“认真地感觉,不认真地思考”。C.幽默被人很巧妙地诠释为：“一面认真地感觉一面滑稽地思考”。问题4选项A.The real meaning of law is not the limitation as the direction of a free and intelligent man to his proper interestB.The true notion of law is not so much limited to the direction of a free and intelligent man to his proper interestC.Law, in its true motion, is not so much the limitation as the direction of a free and intelligent man to his proper interest问题5选项A.Researchers in the study, however, cautioned that such benefits dont outweigh the risk of more serious ailmentsB.However, researchers reminded in the report that such benefits are nothing compared with the risk of more serious ailmentsC.However, researchers cautioned in their report that such benefits dont indolence a lot comparing to the risk of more serious ailments【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.首先，“slimming drug”应翻译为减肥药，没有提及减食疗法，所以首先排除选项C；根据“without any apparent ill effects.”可知，应该是没有明显的不良反应，所以选项B错误。选项A翻译最为准确。2.根据句意可知“growing season”不是直译为生长季节，而是指“农时”，所以首先排除选项A；这里的the year指的是“上学时间”，所以选项C最为恰当。3.本题的关键在于对引语的翻译，相比较之下，选项A翻译最为准确。4.本句强调的是“意义”，而不是“法律”，所以首先排除选项C；“真正的”这里用true比较好，real常用来指比较抽象的事物，所以选项B更准确。5.“提醒”在本句中用remind比较口语化，caution更为正式，因为是在报告中进行提醒，因此caution更为恰当；后面包含一个比较，用outweigh言简意赅，最为恰当。所以选项A翻译最精确。14. 单选题Although they are an inexpensive supplier of vitamins, minerals, and high-quality protein, eggs also contain a high level of blood cholesterol, one of the major causes of heart disease. One egg yolk, in fact, contains a little more than two-thirds of the suggested daily cholesterol limit. This knowledge has caused egg sales to plummet in recent years, which in turn has brought about the development of several alternatives to eating regular eggs. One alternative is to eat substitute eggs. These egg substitutes having lower cholesterol rates, and they can be scrambled or used in baking. One disadvantage, however, is that they are not good for frying, poaching, or boiling. A second alternative to regular eggs is a new type of egg, sometimes called “designer” eggs. These eggs are produced by hens that are fed low-fat diets consisting of ingredients such as canola oil, flax, and rice bean. In spite of their diets, however, these hens produce eggs that contain the same amount of cholesterol as regular eggs. Yet, the producers of these eggs claim that eating their eggs will not raise the blood cholesterol in humans.Egg producers claim that their product has been portrayed unfairly. They cite scientific studies to back up their claim. And, in fact, studies on the relationship between eggs and human cholesterol levels have brought mixed results. It may be that it is not the type of egg that is the main determinant of cholesterol but the person who is eating the eggs. Some people may be more sensitive to cholesterol derived from food than other people. In fact, there is evidence that certain dietary fats stimulate the bodys production of blood cholesterol. Consequently, while it still makes sense to limit ones intake of eggs, even designer eggs, it seems that doing this without regulating dietary fat will probably not help reduce the blood cholesterol level.1.What is the main purpose of this passage?2. According to the passage, which of the following is a cause of heart disease?3.According to the passage, what has been the cause for changes in the sale of eggs?4.According to the passage, one egg yolk contains approximately what fraction of the suggested daily limit for human consumption of cholesterol?5.According to the passage, egg substitutes cannot be used to make any of the following types of eggs EXCEPT （ ）.问题1选项A.to inform people about the relationship between eggs and cholesterolB.to convince people to eat “designer” eggs and egg substitutesC.to persuade people that eggs are unhealthy and should not be eatenD.to introduce the idea that dietary fat increases the blood cholesterol level问题2选项A.mineralsB.cholesterolC.vitaminsD.canola oil问题3选项A.dietary changes in hensB.decreased productionC.increasing priceD.a shrinking market问题4选项A.l/3B.l/2C.2/3D.3/4问题5选项A.scrambledB.friedC.poachedD.boiled【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是鸡蛋里面含有胆固醇，对人体产生影响，所以本文的目的是告诉人们鸡蛋和胆固醇之间的关系，选项A正确。2.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句“.eggs also contain a high level of blood cholesterol, one of the major causes of heart disease.”鸡蛋也含有高水平的血液胆固醇，是心脏病的主要原因之一。所以选项B正确。3.推理判断题。根据第一段二三四句“One egg yolk,.One alternative is to eat substitute eggs.”事实上，一个蛋黄的胆固醇含量仅略高于建议的每日胆固醇上限的三分之二。这一认识导致鸡蛋销量近年来直线下降，这反过来又带来了几种食用普通鸡蛋的替代品的开发。一种选择是吃鸡蛋替代品。由此可知，是因为使用了替代品，原有的市场萎缩了，所以选项D正确。4.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“One egg yolk, in fact, contains a little more than two-thirds of the suggested daily cholesterol limit.”一个蛋黄的胆固醇含量仅略高于建议的每日胆固醇上限的三分之二。选项中高于三分之二的只有3/4，所以选项D符合题意。5.推理判断题。根据第一段“One disadvantage, however, is that they are not good for frying, poaching, or boiling.”可知选项A正确。15. 单选题Scientists have developed a slimming drug that successfully suppresses appetite and results in a dramatic loss of weight without any apparent ill effects.问题1选项A.科学家们己经研制出了一种减肥药,它能有效地抑制食欲,导致体重显著下降而无任何明显的不良反应。B.科学家们己经开发出了一种减肥药,它能成功地控制食欲,使体重显著下降,同时有明显的不良反应。C.科学家们己经研制出了一种减食疗法的药, 它能有效地抑制食欲, 导致体重显著 下降而无任何明显的不良反应。【答案】A【解析】首先，“slimming drug”应翻译为减肥药，没有提及减食疗法，所以首先排除选项C；根据“without any apparent ill effects.”可知，应该是没有明显的不良反应，所以选项B错误。选项A翻译最为准确。16. 单选题The use of robots and auto