2022年考博英语-西安交通大学考前模拟强化练习题99（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-西安交通大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Death comes quickly in the mountains. Each winter holiday makers are caught unawares as they happily ski away from the fixed runs, little realizing that a small avalanche can send them crashing in a bone-breaking fall down the slope and leave them buried under tons of crisp white snow. There are lots of theories about how to avoid disaster when hit by an avalanche. Practice is normally less cheerful.The snow in the Salzburg of Austria where a recent disaster took place was typical avalanche material. For several days before the incident I had skied locally. Early winter snow was wearing thin and covered with ice. On top of that new, warmer flakes were gently falling to produce a dangerous carpet. To the skier who enjoys unmarked slopes it is tempting stuff, deep new power snow on a hard basethe skiing that dreams are made of and sometimes nightmares.Snow falls in sections like a cake. Different sections have different densities because of the temperatures at the time of the fall and in the weeks afterwards. Problems come when any particular section is too thick and not sticking to the section beneath. The snow of the past few weeks had been falling in rather higher temperatures than those of December and early January. The result of these conditions is that even a slight increase in the temperatures sends a thin stream of water between the new snow and the old. Then the new snow simply slides off the mountain.Such slides are not unexpected. Local citizens know the slopes which tend to avalanche and the weather in which such slides are likely. Traps are set to catch the snow or prevent it slipping; bombs are placed and exploded from time to time to set off small avalanches before a big one has time to build up; and above all, skiers are warned not to ski in danger areas.In spite of this, avalanches happen in unexpected areas and, of course, skiers ignore the warnings. The one comfort to recreational skiers, however, is that avalanche incidents on the marked ski slopes are quite rare. No ski resort wants the image of being a death trap.1.Each winter holiday makers in the mountains come face to face with death because （ ） .2.According to the writer, skiing conditions in the Salzburg area of Austria before the accident happened were（ ） .3.In areas where avalanches are known to happen（ ） .4.Although accidents do happen, skiers will be reasonably safe if （ ） .问题1选项A.they fail to realize how dangerous avalanches can beB.they are not expert enough at skiing on the fixed runs.C.they are trying to avoid areas where avalanches happenD.they ski great distances down the mountainsides问题2选项A.perfect for, the inexperienced skierB.unsafe because the new snow was covered with iceC.typical of conditions resulting in avalanchesD.suitable only for skiing locally问题3选项A.local residents stay indoors when the weather is bad.B.measures are taken to prevent serious avalanchesC.small avalanches can easily be preventedD.skiers form themselves into a wall to keep the snow in position问题4选项A.they stay on the officially approved slopesB.they ski only for pleasureC.they ski only at resortsD.they choose less crowded ski slope.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的二三句可知，每年的冬季假期，人们都在不知不觉中快乐地滑雪，远离了固定的滑雪道。他们几乎没有意识到，小小的雪崩会让他们从山坡上摔下来，摔断骨头，被埋在数吨洁白的雪里。由此可知，选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的第一句“The snow in the Salzburg of Austria where a recent disaster took place was typical avalanche material.”最近发生灾难的奥地利萨尔茨堡的雪是典型的雪崩性质。选项C与原文一致，所以正确。3.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，当地居民知道容易发生雪崩的斜坡和可能发生雪崩的天气，人们通过设置陷阱和引爆炸弹的方法来防止雪崩；最重要的是警告滑雪者不要在危险区域滑雪。由此可知，选项B正确。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段的第二句“The one comfort to recreational skiers, however, is that avalanche incidents on the marked ski slopes are quite rare.”然而，让休闲滑雪者感到安慰的是，在指定的滑雪场发生雪崩的事件相当罕见。选项A符合原文。2. 单选题For untold centuries man depended almost entirely on his hunting ability to obtain food. From sunrise to sundown, armed with clubs and spears, and aided by trained wild dogs, he searched for game his foremost source of food with his primitive weapons, the largest and swiftest animals often eluded him, and the hunter and his family frequently went for days without meat.While the men were hunting game, the women and children searched for edible vegetation. From nearby plants and trees they gathered berries, nuts, grain, and roots. These meager staples stayed the pain of hunger when the hunters returned empty handed. When the supplies of game and plants in an area were exhausted, the entire tribe was forced to move on to a new and hopefully better region. Thus man led a nomadic existence. He could never settle in one place for long because his growing population outstripped the available supply of food in the area.Then man made one of his greatest discoveries agriculture. This revelation of raising plants and domesticating animals was one of the major steps in civilization. Agriculture did not by itself create civilization, but without it man could not have settled in one place long enough to build a permanent home. Anthropologists are uncertain about when or how man first learned to farm. They suggest it may have resulted from casual observation. A tribe or many tribes over a wide area might have stayed in one place long enough to see a true bear fruit for more than one season. They may also have observed that young plants grew out of ground to produce food as they matured.Or, as one anthropologist suggests, a handful of wild groin may have thrown onto the ground, and later the seeds grew into new plants. Regardless of the exact circumstances, man did eventually recognize that he could have a dependable source of food if he planted seeds and later harvested his crop.After man learned that he could grow food, the next step was mastering crop cultivation. The early farmer realized that he could grow more food if the seeds were covered with broken ground. This insight led to the making of the first farm equipment - sticks shaped into spades and hoes. From examination of the remains of the earliest known farming tools, archaeologists have determined that this occurred about seven thousand years ago. These implements were found in the area known as the Fertile Crescent, which lies between the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea and Persian Gulf. Evidence also indicates that the farmers of this area possibly the first in the world cultivated large wheat crops. To tend these crops, the hoe and spades were transformed into plows.About the same time as the growing of the first crops, man, relying on the experience he had gained in training wild dogs to aid in hunting, began domesticating other animals. Over the years, he developed herds of animals for food and to aid in his work.With the cultivation of crops and the domestication, of animals, man had a fairly dependable and permanent food supply. This accomplishment allowed him time for other work. Instead of spending most of his waking hours hunting for food, he was able to establish villages, and he had leisure time to ponder new ideas and keep records of events in his life. With the discovery of agriculture, man ceased his animal-like existence and began to build the foundation for civilization.1.The word elude in the first paragraph most probably means （ ） .2.What is the significance of raising plants and domesticating animals?3.From this passage we can conclude that （ ） .4.According to the passage, with the discovery of agriculture（ ） .5.During the period in which man was hunting for animals for food, man could never live in one place permanently because（ ） .6.With regard to when and how man first learned to farm, the passage （ ） .7.Man stopped his animal-like living after he （ ） .问题1选项A.abandonB.desertC.escapeD.mummify问题2选项A.Men didnt have to lead a nomadic life.B.They didnt have to search for edible vegetation.C.The largest and swiftest animals couldnt elude them anymore.D.This indicates that men entered the civilized society.问题3选项A.men mastered cultivation method from their experiencesB.they learned how to chase animals from watching them runC.men searched for game with primitive weaponsD.sometimes they were aided by some trained wild dogs问题4选项A.men spent most of their time hunting for foodB.civilization beganC.the early farmer made the first farm equipmentD.men began domesticating other animals问题5选项A.he lived a nomadic lifeB.the population grew so quicklyC.the food supplies were exhaustedD.the animals often escaped his hunting问题6选项A.explains in detailsB.provides some guessesC.doesnt mention it at allD.offers sure answers by anthropologists问题7选项A.stopped hunting animalsB.learned to make tools for huntingC.trained dogs to aid in huntingD.discovered agriculture【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C第6题:B第7题:D【解析】1.根据下文“the hunter and his family frequently went for days without meat.”猎人和他的家人经常几天吃不到肉, 说明这些动物都躲着猎人, 所以“eluded”指的是躲避, 逃避；选项C正确。2.根据第三段的内容可知, 饲养植物和驯养动物的启示是人类文明的重要步骤之一, 并没有说明人类进入了文明社会, 所以选项D不正确；农业本身并没有创造文明, 但是如果没有农业, 人类不可能在一个地方定居足够长的时间来建立一个永久的家园。也就是说, 有了农业, 人不必再过游牧生活。选项A正确。3.根据原文可知, 选项B在文中没有提及；选项C和D是文中已知的信息；根据第五段的内容可知, 人们从他们的经验中掌握了种植农作物的方法。所以选项A正确。4.根据最后一段的最后一句“With the discovery of agriculture, man ceased his animal-like existence and began to build the foundation for civilization”随着农业的发现, 人类停止了动物般的存在, 开始建立文明的基础。选项B符合原文。5.根据第二段的倒数第三句“When the supplies of game and plants in an area were exhausted, the entire tribe was forced to move on to a new and hopefully better region.”当某一地区的野味和植物供应被耗尽时, 整个部落被迫迁移到一个新的、有希望成为更好的地区。选项C符合原文。6.根据第三段“Anthropologists are uncertain about when or how man first learned to farm. They suggest it may have resulted from casual observation.”人类学家不确定人类何时或如何学会耕种。他们认为这可能是偶然观察的结果。由此可知, 本文只是提供了一些猜测, 所以选项B正确。7.根据最后一段的最后一句“With the discovery of agriculture, man ceased his animal-like existence and began to build the foundation for civilization”随着农业的发现, 人类停止了动物般的存在, 开始建立文明的基础。选项D符合原文。3. 单选题Great and significant music can, however, be written on themes that are, in themselves, （ ） .问题1选项A.quite lovelyB.very magnificentC.intriguingD.trivial【答案】B【解析】magnificent 壮丽的, 宏伟的；intriguing有趣的, 迷人的；trivial琐碎的。句意：然而, 伟大而有意义的音乐可以写在本身就非常宏伟的主题上。选项B符合语境。4. 单选题Once upon a time there lived a beautiful young woman and a handsome young man. They were very poor, but as they were deeply in love, they wanted to get married. The young peoples parents shook their heads.” You cant get married yet, ” they said. “Wait till you get a good job with good prospects. So the young people waited until they found good jobs with good prospects and they were able to get married. They were still poor, of course. They didnt have a house to live in or any furniture, but that didnt matter. The young man had a good job with good prospects, so large organizations lent him the money he needed to buy a house, some furniture, ail the latest electrical appliances and a car. The couple lived happily ever after paying off debts for the rest of their lives. And so ends another modem romantic fable.We live in a materialistic society and are trained form our earliest years to be acquisitive. Our possessions, mine and yours are clearly labeled from early childhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surprise us to discover that success is measured in terms of money you earn. We spend the whole of our lives keeping up with the Joneses. If we buy a new television set, a Jones is bound to buy a bigger and better one. If we buy a new car, we can be sure that Jones will get one better and get two new cars: one for his wife and one for himself. The most amusing thing about this game is that the Joneses and all the neighbors who are struggling frantically to keep up with the mare spending borrowed money kindly provided, at a Suitable rate of interest, of course, by friendly banks, insurance companies, etc.It is not only in affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modem industry deliberately sets, out to create new markets. Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever. The wheel of industry must be kept turning. “Built-in obsolescence” provides the means: good are made to be discarded. Cars get tinnier and tinnier. You no sooner acquire this years model than you are thinking about its replacement.This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake. Every course of studies must lead somewhere: i.e. to a bigger wage packet. The demand for skilled personnel far exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and fringe benefits are offered to them. Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the brain drain, the process by which highly skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder. The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens. While Mammon is worshipped as never before, the rich get richer and poor, poorer.1.From the first paragraph, we can infer that （ ） .2.The expression “keep up with the Joneses” might mean （ ） .3.According to the author （ ） .4.Whats the best title for the passage?5.We can infer that more people past acquired knowledge （ ） .6.“Brain drain” means （ ） .7.We can infer that brain drain （ ） .问题1选项A.good job with good prospects can have a good marriageB.those who are poor cant marriedC.poor in love is better than rich in loveD.even marriage is closely related with money问题2选项A.maintain a high standard of achievementB.prevent something from movingC.try to maintain the same social and material standards as ones neighborsD.continue to be in contact with somebody问题3选项A.money seems extremely important todayB.interest in earning money is not a modem phenomenonC.money is one there, love is anotherD.love without money is a field without water问题4选项A.Keep Up with the JonesesB.The Only Thing People Are Interested in Today Is Earning More MoneyC.Love Me, Love My DogD.Money Make the Mare Go问题5选项A.eagerlyB.for its own sakeC.for practical purposeD.passively问题6选项A.brain becomes emptyB.brain has problemsC.a process in which the highly skilled people change to work for the organizations who pay them higherD.a process by which the clever people are offered better jobs问题7选项A.attracts no attention from all the countriesB.brings about bad effects to poor countriesC.makes richer countries poor because they have to pay more to themD.is worshipped【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B第6题:C第7题:B【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知, 本段讲述的是两个很穷的年轻人找到有前途的工作后再结婚, 偿清债务后, 过上了幸福的生活。作者意在说明即使是婚姻也与金钱密切相关。所以选项D正确。2.根据下一句的举例：如果我们买一台新电视机, 琼斯家的人一定会买一台更大更好的。如果我们买一辆新车, 我们可以肯定琼斯会得到一辆更好的。由此可以推断“keep up with the Joneses”指的是互相攀比, 选项C符合原文。3.根据最后一段最后一句“Mammon is worshipped as never before.”可知, 作者认为现在的金钱对于人们来说似乎极其重要, 选项A正确。4.结合全文内容可知, 本文主要讲的是物欲横流的世界中人们以及社会的现状, 人们今天唯一感兴趣的是赚更多的钱, 选项B最能概括全文, 所以正确。5.根据最后一段的二三句“Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake.”现在越来越少的年轻人仅仅为了知识本身而学习知识, 更多是为了以后能拿高工资。由此可以推断, 过去人们学习是为了自己的利益, 而不是为了赚钱, 所以选项B正确。6.根据下文“the process by which highly skilled people offer their services to the highest bidder.”高技能人才向出价最高者提供服务的过程。选项C符合原文。7.根据最后一段的倒数第二句“The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens.”“人才流失”使得较富裕的国家剥夺了较贫穷的邻国最有能力的公民。选项B正确。5. 单选题People can be addicted to different thingsfor example, alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive; that is, they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders. They fell that they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others is irrationalimpossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they dont need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business-people, Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. They consider peoples needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions and so on in their advertising and sales methods.Psychologists often use a method called behavior therapy to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.Although behavior has many causes, most scientists seek to isolate single causes. This makes the scientific study of behavior hard. Many researchers in psychology use controlled experiments in which they can examine the effect of one factor at a time in a particular kind of behavior. Some investigators design experiments to test the behavioral effects of several factors in various combinations. Still other researchers study behavior in the real world by observing people in their daily activities. Observing behavior outside controlled experiments cannot prove that one thing causes another. But studying people in the real world often helps scientists see the ways in which causes identified in experiments actually operate in peoples daily lives.Specialists in many fields study behavior. Psychologists and some biologists study animal behavior in controlled experiments. Other psychologists study individuals or small groups of people in controlled games or tasks to understand many aspects of behavior, including the reasons for peoples feelings, thoughts and motives. These studies help establish principles that can be used to explain, predict, and modify behavior. Educational researchers study how people behave in the classroom. In sociology, behavioral research focuses mainly on the behavior of people in large groups and social institutions, such as businesses, churches, governments, and hospitals. An anthropologist may live in an isolated community to study behavior patterns of a whole group.1.According to the psychologists, a compulsive spender is one who spends money（ ） .2.According to the writer, compulsive bargain hunters are in constant search of the lowest possible prices（ ） .3.The article is mainly about（ ） .4.From the passage we may safely conclude that compulsive spender or compulsive bargain hunters（ ） .5.From the passage, we know that scientific study of behavior is （ ） .6.A controlled experiment in this passage is one in which（ ） .7.We can infer that （ ） .问题1选项A.and takes great pleasure from what he or she buysB