2022年考博英语-西北大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第99期

2022年考博英语-西北大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Alexander Wolcotts flamboyant personality combined sharpness of wit with sentimentality.问题1选项A.deviousB.humorousC.singerD.showy【答案】D【解析】句意：Alexander Wolcott浮夸的个性结合了敏锐的机智和多愁善感。flamboyant意为“艳丽的，炫耀的，浮夸的”。devious偏僻的，弯曲的；humorous幽默的；singer歌手；showy艳丽的，炫耀的，显眼的。选项D与之意思相近。2. 单选题You can count on what Susan reported just now because she had enough （ ）to tell the truth.问题1选项A.candleB.cannonC.candorD.canyon【答案】C【解析】candle 蜡烛；cannon 大炮；candor 坦白，直率；canyon 峡谷。句意：你可以相信苏珊刚才所说的话，因为她足够坦白说出事实真相。选项C符合语境。3. 单选题One never can see the thing in itself, because the mind does not （ ）phenomena.问题1选项A.transcendB.superiorC.passD.advantage【答案】A【解析】transcend胜过，超越；superior上级的，优 秀的；pass经过，传递；advantage有利于，使处于优势。句意：一个人永远无法看到事物本身，因为思想无法超越现象。选项A符合语境。4. 单选题Nowadays money is still a major （ ）in most occupations.问题1选项A.incentiveB.meticulousC.formativeD.provision【答案】A【解析】Incentive动机，刺激，激励；meticulous一丝不苟的，小心翼翼的；formative形成的，造型的，格式化的；provision规定，条款，供应物。句意：如今，在大多数职业中，金钱仍然是主要的激励因素。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题It has been widely accepted that the size of the universe （ ）our imagination.问题1选项A.transformsB.transfersC.transpiresD.transcends【答案】D【解析】transform改变，转化； transfer转移，移交；transpire蒸发，泄露；transcend胜过，超越。句意：人们普遍认为宇宙的大小超出了我们的想象。选项D符合句意。6. 单选题Her （ ）manner embarrassed the others at the party.问题1选项A.affableB.tractableC.sapidD.gauche【答案】D【解析】affable 和蔼可亲的，友善的；tractable 易于管教的，易驾驭的；sapid 有滋味的，有趣的；gauche 笨拙的，粗鲁的，不善交际的。句意：她在聚会上笨拙的举止使其他人感到很尴尬。选项D符合句意。7. 单选题Every Sunday evening there is a （ ）of people around the pavilion in the park since it has become a regular site for an English corner.问题1选项A.congruenceB.congratulationC.congressD.congregation【答案】D【解析】congruence 适合，一致；congratulation祝贺，贺辞；congress 代表大会；congregation 集会，集合。句意：自从这里成为英语角的固定场所后，每个星期天的晚上都会有很多人聚集在公园的亭子周围。选项D符合句意。8. 单选题He gave her a long and insolent stare.问题1选项A.unblinkingB.slyC.affectionateD.insulting【答案】D【解析】insolent意为无礼的，傲慢的。unblinking 坚定的，不动摇的；sly狡猾的，淘气的；affectionate深情的，充满爱的；insulting 侮辱的，无礼的。选项D与之意思相近。9. 单选题Plays are an important form of entertainment in most countries. Two kinds of drama unique to Japan are Noh and Kabuki. Music is used in both types of drama. Originally, men performed both mens and womens parts in Noh and Kabuki plays. But the similarities end there.Kabuki costumes are fancy, bright, and heavy. Real gold is used on them. On the other hand, Noh costumes are quite simple. Kabuki stages are huge. The stage sets are elaborate. Noh stages are only 18 feet (5.4 meters) square. The only scenery used is background wall with a tree painted on it. A scene changes when the Noh actors change their places. The audience must use a lot of imaginations.Noh plays started in the fourteenth century to entertain the upper class. The form of the play has not changed much since that time. All parts of a Noh play must follow a certain set of rules. To a person unfamiliar with Noh drama, a Noh actor may look as if he is sleepwalking. The action of the play is slow. Every movement is controlled. Certain actions stand for certain things. For example, a few steps forward mean the end of a journey. An important part of a Noh play is the chorus that chants much of the story.Kabuki plays were developed in the seventeenth century for the common people. Theatre was the main amusement of the merchants of that time. Kabuki plays give a clear picture of those merchants tastes and ideas. The colorful costumes reflect their gay moods. The heroes are often warriors who perform daring feats. The players wear thick makeup. They exaggerate their movements and facial expressions to communicate feeling.Music is very important to Kabuki plays, Kabuki actors sing, dance, and speak their lines while the music is played in the background. The music may sound strange at first, but it makes the action on the stage more exciting. Musicians play instruments such as flutes, drums, and gongs. They also use the samisen, a three-stringed instrument shaped somewhat like a banjo. Another instrument has two small blocks of wood that are banged on the floor.1.What do Noh and Kabuki share in common?2.Which statement is true about the Kabuki plays?3.One of the differences between Noh and Kabuki plays is that （ ）.4.Kabuki plays can inform us about（ ）.5.What musical instruments are used in Kabuki plays?问题1选项A.Music is used in both types of drama.B.Women performed both mens and womens parts in the beginning.C.Both mens andwomens parts were played by males in the earlier period.D.Both A and C.问题2选项A.Costumes are funny, light and rough.B.Stages are 18 feet square.C.A background with a tree painted on it is the only scenery.D.The performers must use all their imaginations.问题3选项A.Noh is slowerB.Noh is simplerC.Noh is more colorfulD.Noh is more exciting问题4选项A.likes and dislikes of the 17th century common peopleB.the tastes of the 17th century Japanese merchantsC.the life style of the ruling classD.the courageous deeds of the soldiers问题5选项A.Flutes, gongs and two blocks of wood.B.Drums and samisens.C.Gongs, drums and wooden hammers.D.A and B.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的三四句“Music is used in both types of drama. Originally, men performed both mens and womens parts in Noh and Kabuki plays.”两种戏剧都使用音乐。最初，男性在能剧和歌舞伎剧中同时扮演男性和女性角色。选项A和C均正确，所以本题选D。2.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Kabuki costumes are fancy, bright, and heavy.”可知选项A错误；选项B和C都是描述能剧的，所以只有选项D正确。3.推理判断题。根据最后三段的内容可知，选项C和D是描述歌舞伎剧，首先排除；选项B在文中没有提及；选项A符合原文，所以正确。4.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的第三句“Kabuki plays give a clear picture of those merchants tastes and ideas.”歌舞伎剧清楚地展现了这些商人的品味和思想。选项B符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后几句“Musicians play instruments such as flutes, drums, and gongs. They also use the samisen, a three-stringed instrument shaped somewhat like a banjo. Another instrument has two small blocks of wood that are banged on the floor. ”可知选项A和B都有提及，所以选项D正确。10. 单选题Humans are forever forgetting that they cant control nature. Exactly 20 years ago, a Time magazine cover story announced that “scientists are on the verge of being able to predict the time, place and even the size of earthquakes”. The people of quake-ruined Kobe (神户) learned last week how wrong that assertion was.None of the methods praised two decades ago have succeeded. Even now, scientists have yet to discover a uniform warning signal that precedes all quakes, let alone any sign that would tell whether the coming quake is mild or a killer. Earthquake formation can be triggered by many factors, says Hiroo Kanamori, a seismologist at the California Institute of Technology. So finding one all-purpose warning sigh is impossible. One reason: quakes start deep in the earth, so scientists cant study them directly.If a quake precursor were found, it would still be impossible to warn humans in advance of all dangerous quakes. Places like Japan and California are filled with hundreds, if not thousands, of minor faults. It is impossible to place monitoring instruments on all of them. And these inconspicuous sites can be just as deadly as their better-known cousins like the San Andreas (圣安得列斯断层).Both the Kobe and the 1994 Northridge quakes occurred on small faults.Prediction would be less important if scientists could easily build structures to withstand tremors. While seismic engineering has improved dramatically in the past 10 to 15 years, every new quake reveals unexpected weaknesses in “quake-resistant” structures, says Terry Tullis, a geophysicist at Brown University. In Kobe, for example, a highway that opened only last year was damaged.In the Northridge earthquake, on the other hand, well-built structures generally did not collapse. But engineers have since found hidden problems in 120 steel-frame buildings that survived. Such structures are supposed to sway with the earth rather than crumple. They may have swayed but the quake also unexpectedly weakened the joints in their steel skeletons. If the shaking had been longer or stronger, the buildings might have collapsed.A recent report in Science adds yet more anxiety about life on the fault lines. Researchers can computer simulations to see how quake-resistant buildings would fare in a moderate-size tremor, taking into account that much of a quakes energy travels in a large “pulse” of focused shaking. The results: both steel-frame buildings and buildings that sit on insulating rubber pads suffered severe damage.More research will help experts design stronger structures and possibly find quake precursors. But it is still a certainty that the next earth will prove once again that every fault cannot be monitored and every highway cannot be completely quake-proofed.1.Which of the following statements is true about Kobe?2.The authors focus in Para. 3 is on （ ）.3.Its impossible to avoid damages in earthquakes because（ ）.4.It is implied in the passage that（ ）.5.The best title for this passage could be（ ）.问题1选项A.Last weeks quake occurred on small faults.B.People there believe in scientists ability to predict earthquakes.C.Buildings there swayed with the quake rather than crumpledD.It can be expected that every fault can be monitored as a result of more research.问题2选项A.the need for more researchB.the impossibility to predict earthquakesC.the designing of stronger structures and the finding of quake precursorsD.the impossibility of building completely quake-proofed structures问题3选项A.scientists cant study quakes that occur deep in the earth directlyB.its hard to build perfect “quake-resistant” structuresC.instruments cannot be placed on all of the minor faultsD.all of the above问题4选项A.well-erected structures do not collapseB.steel-frame buildings survive any earthquakeC.building in Northridge will probably collapse in a stronger earthquakeD.seismic engineering has improved enough for structures to resist quakes问题5选项A.Nature Is beyond Human ControlB.Earthquakes; can We Bring Them under Control?C.New Methods and Stronger Structures to Predict and Withhold QuakesD.Cant We Predict Earthquakes?【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句“Both the Kobe and the 1994 Northridge quakes occurred on small faults.”可知选项A正确；根据第一段的内容可知选项B错误；根据第三段的内容可知，选项C描述的是北岭地震而不是神户地震，不符合题意；根据原文最后一句“every fault cannot be monitored and every highway cannot be completely quake-proofed.”可知选项D错误。所以只有选项A表述正确。2.事实细节题。根据第三段的首句“If a quake precursor were found, it would still be impossible to warn humans in advance of all dangerous quakes.”如果能够发现地震的前兆，仍然不可能在所有危险的地震发生前警告人类。也就是说，预测地震是不可能的，选项B符合原文。3.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句“quakes start deep in the earth, so scientists cant study them directly.”可 知选项A正确；根据第四段第一句“Prediction would be less important if scientists could easily build structures to withstand tremors.” 如果科学家能够轻而易举地建造出抵御地震的建筑物，那么预测就不那么重要了。由此可知选项 B 正确；根据第三段“It is impossible to place monitoring instruments on all of them.”可知选项C正确。所以本题选项D。4.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，选项A和B表述太绝对；选项D没有提及。根据本段最后一句“If the shaking had been longer or stronger, the buildings might have collapsed.”如果地震时间更长或强度更大，建筑物可能已经倒塌了。也就是说，北岭的建筑可能会在更强的地震中倒塌。选项C符合原文。5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲地震的不可预测性，这是一个事实，选项B和D带有疑问语气，所以不恰当。选项C不是本文的重点，所以选项A比选项C更能概括全文。11. 单选题The apartment has been （ ）sine Smiths moved out.问题1选项A.vacantB.versatileC.vacuumD.vain【答案】A【解析】vacant 空虚的，空缺的，空闲的；versatile多才多艺的，万能的；vacuum 真空的；vain 徒劳的，自负的。句意：自从Smith搬出去后，那套公寓一直空着。选项A符合句意。12. 翻译题1.Libraries other than those listed above require additional registration before you can access their collections.2.In the past, he used to tell us of his expeditions through the woods and fields round his home, and how he explored the solitary brooks and ponds; and then he described the curious animals and birds he saw.3.七月份中国消费物价指数与去年同期比下降了 0.9%, 而六月份该指数下降了 0.8%。【答案】1.除了上面列举的图书馆外，使用其他图书馆的藏书，你还需要另行注册。2.以前他时常对我说关于他在他家周围的森林和原野中探险的事，以及他怎样找到一些偏僻的溪流和池塘的情形，然后他会描述他所见到的珍禽异兽。3.Chinas consumer price index in July dropped by 0.9 percent compared with that of the same period in last year and the index fell 0.8% in June.13. 单选题The population of Seattle is a conglomerate of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.问题1选项A.a companyB.a fluctuationC.an assortmentD.a matching【答案】C【解析】句意：西雅图的人口是由来自不同种族和文化背景的人组成的群体。conglomerate意为聚结，凝聚成团。a company 一家公司；a fluctuation 起伏，波动；an assortment 分类，混合物；a matching匹配，一致。选项C与之意思最为相近。14. 单选题American university students are expected to abide by the honor system.问题1选项A.supportB.obeyC.understandD.value【答案】B【解析】abide by意为遵守，信守。只有选项B与之意思相近。15. 单选题I think that I committed a （ ）in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.问题1选项A.blunderB.revengeC.reproachD.scandal【答案】A【解析】blunder 大错，愚蠢的错误；revenge报复，复仇；reproach责备，耻辱；scandal丑闻，流言蜚语。句意：我认为我在问她的时候犯了一个大错，因为她似乎被我的问题弄得很心烦。选项A符合语境。16. 单选题At first, the results of the experiment seemed （ ）,but finally a pattern emerged.问题1选项A.haphazardB.graveC.genuineD.gullible【答案】B【解析】haphazard 偶然的，随意的；grave 严肃的，暗淡的；genuine 真正的，诚恳的；gullible 易受骗的，轻信的。句意：起初，实验的结果似乎没有起色，但最终出现了一个模式。选项B更符合语境。17. 单选题In a world that aims to eliminate hunger and disparities in wealth, globe equilibrium is vital.问题1选项A.equityB.balanceC.inequalityD.discretion【答案】C【解析】根据句意可知，这里是消除贫富差距。disparities 意为“差异，不一致”。equity 公平，公正；balance 平衡，匀称；inequality 不平等，不同；discretion 谨慎，考虑周到。选项C与之意思相近。18. 单选题The medicine made me drowsy.问题1选项A.sleepyB.dizzyC.sadD.lazy【答案】A【解析】drowsy意为昏昏欲睡的。选项A与之意思相近。19. 单选题In mountainous regions, much of the snow that falls is compacted into ice.问题1选项A.broken downB.embeddedC.compiledD.compressed【答案】D【解析】句意：在山区，大部分降雪被压成冰。compacted意为压实，压紧。broken down打破，折断；embedded嵌入，植入；compiled编辑；compressed 压紧，压缩。选项D与之意思相近。20. 单选题Opportunities for rewarding work become fewer for both men and women as they grew older. After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection. Our youth-oriented, threw-away culture sees little value in older people. In writer Lillian Hellmans words, they have the wisdom that comes with age that we cant make use of.”Unemployment and economic need for work is higher among older women, especially minorities, than among younger white women. A national council reports these findings. Though unemployed longer when seeking work, older women job-hunt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism, perform as well or better, are more reliable, and are more willing go learn than men or younger women. Yet many older women earn poor pay and face a future of poverty in their retirement years. When sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer on the doorstep-it moves in, according to Tish Sommers, director of a special study on older women for the National Organization for Women. Yet a 1981 report on the White House Conference on Aging shows that as a group, older Americans are the wealthiest, best fed, best housed, healthiest, most self-reliant older population in our history. This statement is small comfort to those living below the poverty line, but it does explode some of the old traditional beliefs and fears.Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years. They have few role models because in previous generations the life span was much shorter and expectations of life were fewer. They are ploughing new ground.Employers are beginning to recognize that the mature person can bring a great of stability and responsibility to a position. One doesnt lose ability and experience on the eve of ones 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21.1.After the age of 40,（ ）.2.From Hellmans remark, we can see that （ ）.3.Tish Sommers argues that（ ）.4.According to the third paragraph, it can be seen that older Americans（ ）.5.It can be concluded from the passage that the writer（ ）.问题1选项A.most workers are tired of their present jobsB.many workers tend to stick to their present jobsC.people find their jobs more rewarding than beforeD.people still wish to hunt fox more suitable jobs问题2选项A.full use has been made of the wisdom of older peopleB.the wisdom of older people is not valued by American societyC.older people are no less intelligent than young peopleD.the wisdom of older people is of great value to American society问题3选项A.older women usually hard to escape povertyB.older women usually perform better in their jobsC.the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexismD.more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism问题4选项A.have more job opportunities than young peopleB.live below the poverty lineC.have new opportunities to remain active in societyD.no longer believe in the promise of a happy life upon retirement问题5选项A.calls attention to the living conditions of older AmericansB.believes that the value of older people is gaining increasing recognitionC.attempts to justify the youthoriented, throw-away culture of the United StatesD.argues people should not retire at the age of 65 or 70【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的二三句“After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection.”40岁以后，找工作变得更加困难。许多人宁愿待在因为自己年纪太大而无法胜任的工作岗位上，也不愿面对可能的拒绝。选项B符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据关键词“Hellman”定位到第一段最后一句，用作家Lillian Hellman的话来说，他们拥有“我们无法利用的随着年龄增长而来的智慧”。再根据选项来推断，选项A中的“full use”明显错误；选项B“年长者的智慧没有被美国社会所重视”，符合原文；选项C和D在文中没有提及。所以本题选B。3.细节事实题。根据关键词定位到第二段，然而，许多老年妇女收入微薄，在退休后面临贫困的未来。据英国国家妇女组织一项针对老年妇女的特别研究的负责人Tish Sommers说，当性别歧视与年龄歧视发生冲突时，贫困就不再近在咫尺它正在向贫困逼近。也就是说，年长的女性通常很难摆脱贫困，选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段第一句“Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years.”尽管进入大公司并晋升的机会可能会减少，但许多老年人开始成功的小生意，自愿参加令人满意的活动，并在多年来都保持着活跃。由此可知，老年人有新的机会在社会上保持活跃，选项C符合原文。5.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知，作者主要表达的思想是美国社会忽略了年长者的智慧，再根据最后一段末句“One doesnt lose ability and experience on the eve of ones 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21.”一个人在65岁或70岁生日前夕不会丧失能力和经验，正如一个人在21岁时不会立即长大一样。也就是说，作者相信老年人的价值正在获得越来越多的认可。选项B符合原文。