2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷33（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题My niece Alice is（ ）in her way of living and always spends more money than is reasonable.问题1选项A.luxuriousB.distinguishedC.extravagantD.sophisticated【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项luxurious“奢侈的，丰富的，放纵的”；B选项distinguished“卓越的，著名的，高贵的”；C选项extravagant“奢侈的，浪费的，过度的”，更加倾向于具体的行为举止；D选项sophisticated“复杂的，精致的，久经世故的”。句意；我的侄女爱丽丝生活（ ），总是乱花钱。而这里描述的是Alice的生活方式很奢侈，因此A选项符合题意。2. 单选题（ ）the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.问题1选项A.Even ifB.As far asC.If onlyD.So long as【答案】A【解析】考查连词短语辨析。A选项even if“即使；虽然”，B选项as far as“至于；直到”，C选项if only“要是就好了”，D选项so long as“只要”；然后看到原句：（ ）计算结果正确，科学家也无法肯定他们已经把所有的变量都包括进去并进行了准确的模拟。可以看出两个句子之间有转折让步的含义，因此A选项符合题意。3. 单选题Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different theoretical and political positions.问题1选项A.trustworthyB.intelligentC.diligentD.meticulous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“可靠的，信赖的”；B选项“智慧的，聪明的”；C选项“勤勉的，用功的”；D选项“一丝不苟的，小心翼翼的”；题干中scrupulous“小心的，一丝不苟的”，句意：数以千计的证据、参考文献和脚注证明了一位一丝不苟的研究人员，他对各种不同的理论和政治立场都做出了相当公正的评价。因此D选项最符合题意。4. 单选题The survey found 80 percent of viewers were（ ）by the violent scenes in the film.问题1选项A.eliminatedB.alertedC.offendedD.discouraged【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项eliminated“被淘汰，消除”；B选项alerted“使警觉，警告”；C选项offended“冒犯，生气”；D选项discouraged“使灰心”。句意：调查发现，80%的观众对影片中的暴力镜头感到（ ）。这里表达的含义是“对暴力镜头感到被冒犯（反感）”。因此C选项符合题意。5. 单选题The military operation（ ）yesterday were targeted at the military installations.问题1选项A.propelledB.commencedC.plaguedD.modulated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项propelled“推动，驱使”；B选项commenced“开始”；C选项plagued“困扰，折磨”；D选项modulated“调接，调动”。句意：昨天_的军事行动是针对军事设施的。这里表达的意思是“昨天开始执行的军事行动”，因此B选项符合题意。6. 单选题He told a story about his sister who was in a sad（ ） when she was ill and had no money.问题1选项A.plightB.polarizationC.plagueD.pigment【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项plight“困境，境况”；B选项polarization“极化，偏振”；C选项plague“瘟疫，鼠疫”；D选项pigment“色素，颜料”。句意：他讲了一个关于他妹妹的故事，她生病了，没有钱，（ ）非常悲惨。本句意为“妹妹的处境非常悲惨”，因此A选项符合题意。7. 单选题Because of fathers poor circumstances, my uncle（ ）my education.问题1选项A.financesB.maintainsC.suppliesD.affords【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项finances“负担经费，供给经费”；B选项maintains“维持，保持”；C选项supplies“供应，提供”；D选项affords“买得起，提供”。句意：由于父亲的贫苦处境，我叔叔（ ）了我的教育。可以看出因为父亲的条件不好，所以是叔叔“资助了我的学习”，因此A选项符合题意。8. 单选题I was supposed to go to a concert with your sister the other night, but your sister didnt turn up. I cant believe I have been（ ）.问题1选项A.given upB.stood upC.left upD.taken up【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项given up“放弃”；B选项stood up“站起来，坚持”；C选项left up“离开，丢下”；D选项taken up“拿起，开始从事，占据（时间，地方）”。句意：那天晚上我本来要和你妹妹一起去听音乐会的，但是你妹妹没来。真不敢相信我被_。这里因为另一个人的妹妹没有来，所以说话的人应该是觉得自己“被丢下/抛弃了”，因此C选项符合题意。9. 单选题In the summer of 1978 an English farmer named Ian Stevens was driving his tractor through a field of wheat when he discovered something strange. Some of his wheat was lying flat on the ground. The flattened（被压平的）wheat formed a circle about six meters across. Around this circle were four smaller circles of flattened wheat. In the following years more and more similar circles were found in a field of wheat or corn. So people cannot help but ask the question: What causes the circles?At first people suspected that the circles were a trick. To prove that the circles were a trick, people tried to copy them: they tried to make circles exactly like the ones the farmers had found. They couldnt do it. They couldnt enter a field of grain without leaving tracks, and they couldnt flatten the grain without breaking it. The circles are apparently not a trick.Many people believe that beings from outer space are making the circles. Some think that the beings are trying to communicate with us from far away and that the circles are messages from them. Others believe that the beings have actually landed on earth and that the circles are marks left by their spaceships. Several times people reported seeing strange flying objects near fields where circles later appeared.Scientists say theyre not sure what causes them. They have suggested several theories. For example, some scientists say that “microbursts” of wind created the circles. A microburst is a downward rush of cool airthe same downward rush of air that sometimes causes an airplane to crash. Others scientists say that forces within the earth cause the circles to appear. But circles often appear in forms. It is hard to believe that any natural force could create those forms. And recently farmers have discovered not only circles but also other shapes such as triangles in their fields. Could any natural force created a perfect triangle in a field of grain?In the summer of 1990 some scientists spent three weeks in the part of England where many circles have appeared. They had all the latest high-tech equipment. This equipmentworth 1.8 million dollarsrecorded nothing. But one night, as the scientists were watching a field, circles formed in the field behind them. These circles are shown in the photograph. The scientists had neither seen nor heard anything.1.What causes the circles?2.The thing that proves that the circles were not a trick is that（ ）.3.The circles mean（ ）.4.The only thing for the scientists to be happy about in the summer of 1990 is possibly（ ）.5.A proper title for this passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.TeenagersB.FarmersC.Flying objects.D.None of the above.问题2选项A.two men said they made the circles themselvesB.farmers were making the circles to attract touristsC.people cannot copy the circles without leaving marks or breaking the grainD.scientists suggest theories that support the idea that circles were made by natural forces问题3选项A.that beings from outer space are trying to communicate with human beingsB.that beings from outer space have visited the earthC.that there do exist strange flying objectsD.none of the above问题4选项A.that they discovered how the circles were madeB.that they saw the circles with the help of the latest high-tech equipmentC.they were able to show the circles in a photographD.none of the above问题5选项A.An Unsolved MysteryB.Strange Flying ObjectsC.The Power of Natural ForcesD.The Discovery of Strange Circles【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。题干问：什么东西导致了这些圈圈？我们定位到倒数第二段的第一句话Scientists say theyre not sure what causes them.（科学家表示，他们不确定是什么导致了这种情况。）从这句话我们可以得出，科学家们目前也并不知道是什么导致了这些怪圈，其他的都只是猜测，因此答案为D“以上都不对”；A选项“青少年”，B选项“农民”，C选项“飞行物”，这些都是人们的猜测。2.事实细节题。题干问：是什么证实了这些圈圈并不是一个恶作剧？根据第二段第一句话At first, people suspected that the circles were a trick. To prove that the circles were a trick people tried to copy them，（起初，人们怀疑这些圆圈是骗人的。为了证明这些圆圈是骗人的，人们试图模仿它们）我们可以得出答案是C选项“人们不能复制圆圈而不留下痕迹或打破纹理”。A选项“两个男人说是他们制造了这个圈”，B选项“农民们做了这个圈去吸引游客”，D选项“科学家认为理论支持这些圈是由自然力量完成的”。3.事实细节题。A选项“这些圆圈意味着来自外太空的生物正试图与人类交流”，B选项“这些圆圈意味着来自外太空的生物已经访问过地球”，C选项“这些圆圈意味着确实存在奇怪的飞行物”，D选项“以上都不对”；题干问：这些圈圈意味着什么。根据题干我们可以定位到第二段，第二段说了Many people believe that beings from outer space are making the circles. Some think that the beings are trying to communicate with us from far away and that the circles are messages from them. Others believe that the beings have actually landed on earth and that the circles are mark left by their spaceships.（许多人相信是外太空的生物制造了这些圆圈。一些人认为外太空的生物试图与我们交流，而这些圆圈是他们的信息。其他人相信存在实际上已经登陆地球的生物和圆圈是他们的宇宙飞船留下的印记。）但是这些都是人们的推测，目前科学家并没有给出明确的结论，因此A、B、C都不对，答案为D。4.判断推理题。题干问：科学家们在1990年夏天唯一感到高兴的事情可能是？C选项“他们能够在照片上显示圆圈”，根据题干我们定位到倒数第一段的倒数第二句话：These circles are shown in the photograph.（这些圆圈如照片所示。）可以得出，他们开心的事是C选项“他们能够在照片上显示圆圈”。A选项“他们发现了这些圆圈是如何形成的”，B选项“他们借助最新的高科技设备看到了这些圆圈”，D选项“以上都不对”。5.文章标题题。题干让我们给文章找一个合适的标题。A选项“一个未解之谜”，B选项“奇怪的飞行物”，C选项“自然的力量”，D“奇怪的圈圈的发现”，根据全文我们知道，这个怪圈的谜底我们到目前都没有解开，因此它是一个未解之谜，D选项过于浅显，不能总结全文的含义，因此答案为A。10. 单选题The door closed behind Tweed as he scanned the handsomely（ ）double room which overlooked Albemarle Street.问题1选项A.furnishedB.finishedC.suppliesD.provided【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语辨析。A选项furnished“有家具的”，B选项finished“完成的；结束的”，C选项supplied“有提供的”，D选项provided“假如；倘若”，然后带入原文的句意得出句子应该是想形容这个房间“装饰的很好”，因此A选项符合题意。句意为：门在特威德身后关上了，他扫视着俯瞰阿尔伯马尔街的那间陈设华丽的双人房。11. 单选题Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so. Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it was relatively inefficient.Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safe and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat loss and to diminishing biodiversity.Whats more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. Yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions.All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact”. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons of all the various way land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.1.How do people often measure progress in agriculture?2.Specialization and the effort to increase yields have resulted in（ ）.3.What does the author think of traditional farming practices?4.What will agriculture be like in the 21st century?5.What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?问题1选项A.By its sustainability.B.By its impact on the environment.C.By its productivity.D.By its contribution to economic growth.问题2选项A.localized pollutionB.competition from overseasC.the shrinking of farmlandD.the decrease of biodiversity问题3选项A.They have remained the same over the centuries.B.They have not kept pace with population growth.C.They are not necessarily sustainable.D.They are environmentally friendly.问题4选项A.It will supply more animal products.B.It will go through radical changes.C.It will abandon traditional farming practices.D.It will cause zero damage to the environment.问题5选项A.To remind people of the need of sustainable development.B.To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production.C.To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress.D.To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.（在农业领域尤其如此，可持续发展往往被视为进步的唯一衡量标准，而没有从历史和文化的角度进行适当的评价。）因此可持续发展就是人们衡量农业进步的指标，A选项“通过它的可持续性正确”。B选项“通过它对环境的影响”；C选项“通过它的生产力”；D选项“通过它对于经济发展的贡献”这三项都不是文章认为的观点。2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields.However, these changes have also led to habitat loss and to diminishing biodiversity.（来自海外的竞争促使农民专业化并提高产量。在这一时期，食品变得更便宜、更安全、更可靠。然而，这些变化也导致了栖息地的丧失和生物多样性的减少。）也就是说这些使农民专业化并且增加产量的手段使得物种生物性减少，因此D选项“生物多样性的减少”正确。A选项“局部污染”这个是原文所没有提及的；B选项“来自海外的竞争”这个是造成物种多样性减少的根本原因，因果颠倒；C选项“农田的萎缩”原文并没有明确提及。3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第三段第三句话For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones.（例如，我们需要摆脱认为传统做法不可避免的比新做法更具可持续性的想法。）也就是说传统做法并不比新做法具有持续性，因此C选项“它们不一定是可持续的”正确。A选项“它们几个世纪以来一直保持不变”原文未提及；B选项“它们没有跟上人口增长的步伐”，不符合原文；D选项“它们是环保的”与原文相悖。4.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第三段第一、二句话All this means that agriculture in the 21st century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th. This will require radical thinking.（所有这些都意味着，21世纪的农业将与20世纪截然不同。这需要激进的思维。）激进的思维将会带来根本性的改变，根据这句话可以得出B选项“它将经历根本性的变化”正确。A选项“它将提供更多的动物产品”，无关项；C选项“它将放弃传统的农业做法”，原文并没有明确的提出说是否要放弃传统农业的做法；D选项“它将对环境造成零损害”，这个是做不到的。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段提到，This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.（在农业领域尤其如此，可持续发展往往被视为进步的唯一衡量标准，而没有从历史和文化的角度进行适当的评价。）人们忽略了从历史文化的角度去合理评价它；接下来三段具体分析了人们是如何忽略的；第五段至末段提出21世纪的农业将与以前的截然不同，要求人们改变原有的农业方面的可持续发展思想。由此可知，作者主要是为了让人们重新思考什么是可持续发展的农业，因此D选项“敦促人们重新思考什么是可持续农业”。A选项“提醒人们可持续发展的需要”，是片面的信息；B选项“建议确保可持续粮食生产的方法”，只是文章中有略过，不是主旨；C选项“提出衡量农业发展的新标准”，作者并没有提出。12. 单选题Big Ben is one of Londons best-known landmark, and looks most spectacular at night when the clock faces are lighted. You even know when parliament is in session, because a light shines above the clock face.The four dials of the clock are 23 feet square, the minute hand is 14 feet long and the figures are 2 feet high. Minutely regulated（校准）with a stack of coins placed on the huge pendulum, Big Ben is an excellent timekeeper, which has rarely stopped.The name Big Ben actually refers not to the clock-tower itself, but to the thirteen-ton bell hung within. The bell was named after the first commissioner of works, Sir Benjamin Hall. This bell came originally from the old Palace of Westminster, and was given to the Dean of St. Paul by William III. Before returning to Westminster to hang in its present home, it was refashioned in White chapel in 1858. The BBC first broadcast the chimes（报时）on the 31st December 1923there is a microphone in the turret connected to Broadcasting House.During the Second World War in 1941, a bomb destroyed the Lower Chamber of the House of Parliament, but the clock tower remained intact and Big Ben continued to keep time and strike away the hours, its unique sound was broadcast to the nation and around the world, a welcome reassurance of hope to all who heard it.The tower is not open to the general public, but those with a “special interest” may arrange a visit to the top of the Clock Tower through their local（UK）MP.1.When parliament has meeting（ ）.2.Which of following statements is true according to the passage?3.The bell was once owned by（ ）.4.The BBC first broadcast the chimes on the eve of（ ）.5.The word “intact” in Line 2, Para. 4 probably means（ ）.问题1选项A.a light is on above the faceB.the clock faces are lightedC.Big Ben strikes the timeD.Big Ben lights the parliament问题2选项A.Big Ben has only one hand.B.Big Ben has never stopped.C.Big Ben has a huge pendulum made of coins.D.Coins are used to make Big Ben work more precisely.问题3选项A.the BBCB.the Dean of St. PaulC.Sir Benjamin HallD.the old Palace of Westminster问题4选项A.1858B.1923C.1924D.1941问题5选项A.uncutB.unharmedC.uninjuredD.undamaged【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段第二句You even know when parliament is in session, because a light shines above the clock face.（你甚至知道议会什么时候开会，因为一盏灯在钟面上方闪烁。）由此得知A选项“钟面上有一盏灯”正确。B选项“钟面是亮的”并不准确；C选项“大本钟在报时”没有提及；D选项“大本钟照亮了议会”不对。2.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第二段第二句话Minutely regulated with a stack of coins placed on the huge pendulum, Big Ben is an excellent timekeeper, which has rarely stopped.（大本钟的钟摆上放置了一堆硬币，精确地调节着时间，它是一个出色的计时器，很少停下来。）因此D选项“硬币被用来使大本钟工作得更精确”正确。A选项“大本钟只有一个指针”在第二段的第一句话The four dials of the clock are 23 feet square, the minute hand is 14 feet long and the figures are 2 feet high.（这个钟的四个转盘是23平方英尺，分针是14英尺长，数字是2英尺高。）这里可以看出大本钟是否有多于一个指针原文并没有提及；B选项“大本钟从不停止转动”，原文说大本钟很少停下，说明它还是会停止，只是很罕见；C选项“大本钟有一个由硬币组成的巨大钟摆”，硬币只是让大本钟变得更准确，但并不是它的钟摆组成。3.事实细节题。根据原文定位到第三段的第三句话This bell came originally from the old Palace of Westminster, and was given to the Dean of St. Paul by William III.（这只钟最初来自威斯敏斯特宫，是威廉三世送给圣保罗教长的。）因此B选项“它是属于圣保罗的教长的”正确。A、C、D均不符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段的倒数第一句话The BBC first broadcast the chimes on the 31st December 1923there is a microphone in the turret connected to Broadcasting House.（英国广播公司于1923年12月31日首次播放了大本钟，它的信息塔上有一个麦克风连接到广播大楼。）而原文问的是在哪一年的前夜，因此C选项正确。A选项在倒数第三段Before returning to Westminster to hang in its present home, it was refashioned in White chapel in 1858.（在回到威斯敏斯特悬挂在现在的家中之前，它在1858年被重新设计在白色教堂。）与事件不符合；B选项与题干不符合；D选项在倒数第二段During the Second World War in 1941, a bomb destroyed the Lower Chamber of the House of Parliament（1941年第二次世界大战期间，一枚炸弹摧毁了下议院的议会）与事件不符。5.语义推测题。根据题干定位到第四段During the Second World War in 1941, a bomb destroyed the Lower Chamber of the House of Parliament, but the clock tower remained intact and Big Ben continued to keep time and strike away the hours（1941年第二次世界大战期间，一枚炸弹摧毁了下议院的议会，但钟楼仍完好无损， 大本钟继续计时，不停地敲响钟声）根据原文含义可知intact意为“完整的，原封不动的”。A选项“未切的，毛边的，未雕琢的，未割的”；B选项“无恙的；没有受伤的（用于人）”；C选项“未受伤害的；未蒙损失的（多用于人或器官）”；D选项“未毁坏的，未损坏的（多用于物品）”，因此D选项正确。13. 单选题The parents felt very delighted when their daughter decided to（ ）the movies and do her lessons.问题1选项A.forgiveB.forbidC.forgoD.foresee【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项forgive“原谅”；B选项forbid“禁止”；C选项forgo“放弃，停止”；D选项foresee“预见”。句意：当他们的女儿决定_看电影而去做功课时，父母感到非常高兴。本句表达的意思是，女儿放弃去看电影而做功课，让父母很开心。因此C选项符合题意。14. 翻译题Its often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving richoverpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most peoples incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. People feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often dont satisfy their rising wantsfor bigger homes, more healthcare, more education, faster Internet connections.【答案】人们常说只有富人在进步，而其他人保持原样或落后。确实很多富人不配给那么多钱如薪水过高的主管人员。不过任何一段较长的时间后，大部分人的收入会提高。从 1995年到2004年，除去通胀因素，家庭平均收入提高了14.3%，达到了43200美元。人们感觉“财政困难”，因为增长的收入常常不能满足越来越高的需求房子更大、医疗更完善、教育更优质、网络连接更快捷。15. 单选题Cancellation of the flight（ ）many passengers to spend the night at the airport.问题1选项A.resultedB.obligedC.demandedD.recommended【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resulted“结果；导致”，B选项obliged“迫使；强制；赐”，C选项demanded“强烈要求；需要”，D选项recommended“推荐，介绍；劝告”，根据题意可知：旅客们由于航班取消不得不在机场过夜，B选项oblige有“被迫；事实逼迫人不得不”的含义，因此B选项符合题意。16. 单选题Business in this area has been（ ） because prices are too high.问题1选项A.prosperousB.secretiveC.slackD.shrill【答案】C【解析】考查形