2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷58

2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor. By age three, kids with professional parents are already a full year ahead of their poorer peers. They know twice as many words as many words and score 40 points higher on IQ tests. By age 10, the gap is three years. By then, some poor children have not mastered basic reading and math skills, and many never will: his is the age at which failure starts to become irreversible.A few school systems seem to have figured out how to erase these gaps. Finland ensures that every child completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard. One Finnish district official, asked about the number of children who dont complete school in her city, replied,” I can tell you their names if you want. “In the United States, KIPP charter schools enroll students from the poorest families and ensure that most almost every one of them graduates high school80 percent make it to college. Singapore narrowed its achievement gap among ethnic minorities from 17 percent to 5 percent over 20 years.These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality pre-schooling does more for a childs chances in school and life than any other educational intervention. One study, which began in the 1960s, tracked two groups of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Some were given the opportunity to attend a high-quality pre-school; others were not. Thirty-five years later, the kids who went to pre-school earned more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.Second, recognize that the average kid spends about half his waking hours up until the age of 18 outside of schooldont ignore that time. KIPP students spend 60 percent more time in school than the average American students. They arrive earlier, leave later, attend more regularly, and even go to school every other Saturday. Similarly, in 1996, Chile extended its school day to add the equivalent of more than two more years of schooling.Third, pour lots of effort to train teachers. Studies in the United States have shown that kids with the most effective teachers learn three times as much as those with the least effective. Systems such as Singapores are choosy about recruiting; they invest in training and continuing education; they evaluate teachers regularly, and they award bonuses only to the top performers.Finally, recognize the value of individualized attention. In Finland, kids who start to struggle receive one-to-one support from their teachers. Roughly one in three Finnish students also gets extra help from a tutor each year. If we can learn the lesson of what works, we can build on it.1. What can we infer from the Finnish district officials reply in Paragraph 2?2. Why is it important for kids to attend a high-quality pre-school? Which of the following is NOT true?3. The most important educational factor for a child to achieve success in school and life is to _.4. Why does Singapore lay so much emphasis on the role of teachers?5. What does the passage mainly discuss?问题1选项A.She expresses a desire to show off her good memory.B.She is willing to offer the information at any time.C.Her job requires her to remember all the students names.D.The basic education is paid much attention to in Finland.问题2选项A.Kids can learn better and more.B.Kids tend to be psychologically healthy when they grow up.C.Kids can have a brighter future.D.When they grow up, the kids wish to earn more money.问题3选项A.receive a good and early pre-schoolingB.prolong his or her learning time in schoolC.get instruction from more excellent teachersD.get person-to-person help from the teachers问题4选项A.Kids like serious teachers.B.Kids can have better chances to learn more and better.C.Good teachers can create a happy and relaxed environment.D.Kids want to keep a good relationship with teachers.问题5选项A.The importance of family economic conditions to kids success in study and life.B.The achievement gap between children from wealthy families and poorer ones.C.Some countries have achieved success in erasing the gap between children completely.D.How to narrow the achievement gap between kids from different family backgrounds.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干，可以定位到文章第二段第二句Finland ensures that every child completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard.（芬兰确保每个孩子完成基础教育，并达到严格的标准）。D选项“芬兰非常重视基础教育”，根据文章内容，芬兰非常重视基础教育，未接受基础教育的孩子屈指可数，D选项正确。A选项“她想要炫耀她的好记性”， 文章并不是想要表明她的记性好，A选项可排除。B选项“她愿意随时提供信息”，文章没有提到此内容，B选项可排除。C选项“她的工作要求她记住所有学生的名字”，她的工作内容并不是要记住孩子的名字，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干我们可以定位到文章第三段。D选项“当他们长大了，孩子们希望赚更多的钱”，文章第三段提到the kids who went to pre-school earned more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.（上过学前班的孩子收入更高，有更好的工作，入狱或离婚的可能性更小。），可推测上过学前班的孩子挣得更多，有更好的工作，但并不是他们希望能够挣到更多的钱，D选项符合题意，因此选择D。A选项“孩子们可以学得更好、更多”，可以定位到文章第三段High-quality pre-schooling does more for a childs chances in school and life than any other educational intervention.（高质量的学前教育比任何其他教育干预都更有助于孩子在学校和生活中的机会）。A选项可排除。B选项“孩子们长大后心理往往是健康的”，可以定位到文章第三段and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.（孩子们长大后入狱的机会小），因此可推测，接受学前教育的孩子们长大后心理更健康，B选项可排除。C选项“孩子们可以有一个更光明的未来”，文章第三段the kids who went to pre-school earned more, had better jobs（孩子们有更好的工作，更高的收入），因此推测，接受高质量学前教育的儿童，可能有一个更光明的未来，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文中第三段第一、二句These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality pre-schooling does more for a childs chances in school and life than any other educational intervention.（这些成功的故事为我们其他人提供了教训。首先，让孩子们早点上学。高质量的学前教育比任何其他教育干预都更有助于孩子在学校和生活中的机会）。A选项“接受良好和早期的学前教育”，符合文章所说的内容，儿童接受早期教育越早，越有助于获得成功，A选项正确。B选项“延长在学校的学习时间”，文章第四段提到KIPP students spend 60 percent more time in school than the average American students.（KIPP学生在学校的时间比普通美国学生多），这不是孩子成功的主要原因，可排除B选项。C选项“得到更多优秀教师的指导”，文章倒数第二段提到pour lots of effort to train teachers.（只是培训教师），可排除C选项。D选项“从老师那里得到面对面的帮助”，文章最后一段提到kids who start to struggle receive one-to-one support from their teachers.（开始有困难的会获得老师一对一的支持），但这不是孩子获得成功的根本原因，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第五段第二句Studies in the United States have shown that kids with the most effective teachers learn three times as much as those with the least effective（美国的研究表明，拥有最高效教师的孩子学到的东西是低效教师的三倍）。B选项“孩子们可以有更好的机会学到更多更好的东西”，符合文章内容，高效教师使孩子学得更多，B选项正确。A选项“孩子们喜欢严肃的老师”，文章没有提到此内容，排除A选项。C选项“好的老师可以创造一个快乐和轻松的环境”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除C选项。D选项“孩子们想要和老师保持良好的关系”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除D选项。因此B选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文。A选项“家庭经济条件对孩子学习和生活成功的重要性”，文章第一段提到All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than on any other factor（在世界各地，你在学校和生活中取得成功的机会更多地取决于你的家庭环境，而不是其他任何因素），因此文章的主要内容，便是家庭环境对孩子成功的重要性，且围绕此观点展开，A选项正确。B选项“富裕家庭和贫困家庭孩子之间的成就差距”，文章只是部分内容提到这个观点，B选项可排除。C选项“一些国家在完全消除儿童之间的差距方面取得了成功”，文章只是说让孩子接受基础教育方面取得较大的进展，并不是完全消除差距，C选项可排除。D选项“如何缩小不同家庭背景的孩子之间的成绩差距”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除D。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题The development of the modern presidency in the United States began with Andrew Jackson who swept to power in 1829 as the head of the Democratic Party and served until 1837. During his second term, his opponents had gradually come together to form the Whig party, Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the market, banks, and commerce. The Democrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict between “the people” farmers, planters, and workers-and a set of greedy aristocrats. This “paper money aristocracy” of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nations virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth. The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of a simple agrarian republic. They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the competitive, changing society; the complex dealing: the dominance of urban centers; and the loss came with it.Whigs, on the other hand, were more comfortable with the market. For them, commerce and economic development were agents of civilization. Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farmers and workers on the one hand and businesspeople and bankers on the other. Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity. The governments responsibility was to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability.Whigs and Democrats differed not only in their attitudes toward the market but also about how active the central government should be in peoples lives. Despite Andrew Jacksons inclination to be a strong President, Democrats as a rule believed in limited government. Governments role in the economy was to promote competition by destroying monopolies and special privileges. In keeping with this philosophy of limited government, Democrats also rejected the idea that moral beliefs were the proper sphere of government action. Religion and politics, they believed, should be kept clearly separate, and they generally opposed humanitarian legislation.The Whigs, in contrast, viewed government power positively. They believed that it should be used to protect individual rights and public liberty, and that it had a special role where individual effort was ineffective. By regulating the economy and competition, the government could ensure equal opportunity. Indeed, for Whigs the concept of government promoting the general welfare went beyond the economy. In particular, Whigs in the northern sections of the United States also believed that government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country. They were much more likely to favor social-reform legislation and aid to education.In some ways the social makeup of the two parties was similar. To be competitive in winning votes, Whigs and Democrats both had to have significant support among farmers, the largest group in society, and workers. Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor. The Whigs, however, enjoyed disproportionate strength among the business and commercial classes. Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves. The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semi-subsistence farming that were more isolated and pitiful economically.1. The author mentions “bankers and investors” in the passage as an example of which of the following?2. According to paragraph 2, Whigs believed that commerce and economic development would have which of the following effects on society?3. A Democrat would be most likely to support government action in which of the following areas?4. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 about variations in political reliefs within the Whig Party?5. According to the last paragraph, the Democrats were supported by all of the following groups EXCEPT_.问题1选项A.The Democratic Partys main source of support.B.The people that Democrats claimed were unfairly becoming rich.C.The people most interested in a return to a simple agrarian republic.D.One of the groups in favor of Andrew Jacksons presidency.问题2选项A.They would promote the advancement of society as a whole.B.They would cause disagreements between Whigs and Democrats.C.They would supply new positions for Whig Party members.D.They would prevent conflict between farmers and workers.问题3选项A.Creating a state religion.B.Supporting humanitarian legislation.C.Destroying monopolies.D.Recommending particular moral beliefs.问题4选项A.They were focused on issues of public liberty.B.They caused some members to leave the Whig party.C.They were unimportant to most Whigs.D.They reflected regional inter.问题5选项A.workers unhappy with the new industrial systemB.planters involve in international tradeC.rising entrepreneursD.individuals seeking to open the economy to newcomers【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文中第一段倒数第三句Democrats claimed, and sapped the nations virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth.（民主党人宣称，这个由银行家和投资者组成的“纸币贵族”为了自己的利益操纵了银行系统，并通过鼓励投机和对突然的不劳而获的财富的渴望削弱了国家的美德），B选项“民主党宣称的那些人正在不公平地变得富有”，符合文章内容，因此B选项正确。A选项“民主党的主要支持者”，在文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“人们对回归简单的农业共和国最感兴趣”，文章所说的是不牺牲简单的农业共和国的特征，因此C选项可排除。D选项“支持安德鲁杰克逊担任总统的团体之一”，文章并没有提到银行家和投资者是支持总统的团体，可排除C选项。因此B选项为正确答案。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity.（经济增长将通过提高国民收入和扩大机会而使每个人受益），可推测，社会将因此而进步。A选项“他们将促进整个社会的进步”符合题意，A选项正确。B选项“他们会引起辉格党和民主党之间的分歧”，造成辉格党和民主党的分歧在于对市场的态度，因此可排除B选项。C选项“他们将为辉格党成员提供新的职位”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“他们将防止农民和工人之间的冲突”，文章所说辉格党也没有设想农民和工人与商人和银行家之间的社会冲突，D选项可排除。因此A选项为正确答案。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。A选项“创立国教”，文章没有提到“创建国教”的内容，因此A选项可排除。B选项“支持人道主义的立法”，文章所说“民主党认为宗教和政治应该明确分开，他们普遍反对人道主义立法”。因此B选项可排除。C选项“摧毁垄断”，文章最后一段所说“民主党吸引了与市场隔绝或对市场感到不安的农民、被新兴工业体系疏远的工人，以及希望打破垄断”，因此C选项正确。D选项“推荐特定的道德信仰”，文章倒数第二段所说“民主党人也拒绝接受道德信仰是政府行为的适当范围的观点。”D选项可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段。A选项“他们关注的是公众自由问题”，文章没有提到辉格党是关注公众问题，可排除。B选项“他们导致一些成员离开辉格党”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“他们对大多数辉格党来说并不重要”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“它们反映了区域间的相互关系”，文章提到辉格党还认为，政府权力应该用来促进国家的道德福利，因此可推测，这是辉格党内部政治救济的差异，D选项正确。因此D选项为正确答案。5.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干，可以定位到文章最后一段第六句Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves.（民主党吸引了与市场隔绝或对市场感到不安的农民、被新兴工业体系疏远的工人，以及希望打破垄断、像他们这样的新来者开放经济的新兴企业家）。B选项“种植者参与国际贸易”，文章没有提及到，可排除。A选项“工人们对新的工业体系不满”，文章所说，被新兴工业体系疏远的工人，A选项正确。C选项“不断上升的企业家”，文章所说想要打破垄断、开放市场的新兴企业家，因此C选项正确。D选项“寻求向新来者开放经济的个人”，新兴企业家，也就是所说的个人经济者，D选项正确。因此B选项为正确答案。3. 单选题Ricci, 45, is now striking out on perhaps his boldest venture yet. He plans to market an English language edition of his elegant monthly art magazine, FMR, in the United States. Once again the skeptics are murmuring that the successful Ricci has headed for a big fall. And once again Ricci intends to prove them wrong.Ricci is so confident that he has christened his quest “Operation Columbus” and has set his sights on discovering an American readership of 300,000. That goal may not be too far-fetched. The Italian edition of FMR-the initials, of course, stand for Franco Maria Ricci-is only 18 months old. But it is already the second largest art magazine in the world, with a circulation of 65,000 and a profit margin of US$ 500,000. The American edition will be patterned after the Italian version, with each 160-page issue carrying only 40 pages of ads and no more than five articles. But the contents will often differ. The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over “an inferiority complex about their art.” He also hopes that the magazine will become a vehicle for a two-way cultural exchange what he likes to think of as a marriage of brains, culture and taste from both sides of the Atlantic.To realize this vision, Ricci is mounting one of the most lavish, enterprising-and expensive promotional campaigns in magazine publishing history. Between November and January, eight jumbo jets will fly 8 million copies of a sample 16-page edition of FMR across the Atlantic. From a warehouse in Michigan, 6.5 million copies will be mailed to American subscribers of various cultural, art and business magazines. Some of the remaining copies will circulate as a special Sunday supplement in the New York Times. The cost of launching Operation Columbus is a staggering US $5 million, but Ricci is hoping that 60% of the price tag will be financed by Italian corporation. “To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsors,” reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet. “We would like Italians.”Like Columbus, Ricci cannot know what his reception will be on foreign shores. In Italy he gambled-and won on a simple concept: it is more important to show art than to write about it. Hence, one issue of FMR might feature 32 full-color pages of 17th-century tapestries, followed by 14 pages of outrageous eyeglasses. He is gambling that the concept is exportable.1. Naming his quest “Operation Columbus”, Ricci is confident that _.2. What is the main content of Riccis magazine FMR?3. Ricci tries to persuade the Italian corporations to help by _.问题1选项A.he will be as influential as ColumbusB.he will open up the American marketC.the Americans will associate his magazine with adventurous pioneersD.his magazine will be as memorable as Columbus discovery of America问题2选项A.Articles on culture, art and business.B.Articles and pictures about fashion.C.Pictures of works of art.D.Pictures of trendy items.问题3选项A.including them in Operation ColumbusB.showing them the staggering price tagC.comparing them to the Spanish sponsorD.arousing passionate patriotism in them【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段第一句Ricci is so confident that he has christened his quest “Operation Columbus” and has set his sights on discovering an American readership of 300,000.（瑞奇是如此的自信，以至于他将自己的探索命名为“哥伦布行动”，并将目光锁定在了发掘拥有30万读者的美国人身上）。前文说到瑞奇想在美国销售她的杂志，这里说到将目光锁定在30万读者身上，因此他是想打开美国市场。B选项“他将打开美国市场”，B选项正确。A选项“他将和哥伦布一样有影响力”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“美国人会把他的杂志和冒险先锋联系在一起”，无中生有，可排除。D选项“他的杂志将会像哥伦布发现美洲一样令人难忘”，文章并没有提到杂志的影响力如此之大，因此D选项可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段倒数第二句The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over “an inferiority complex about their art.”（瑞奇说，英文版将包括更多的美国作品，以帮助美国人克服“对自己艺术的自卑感”）。选项C“艺术作品的图片”，符合文章所说，为了克服美国人的艺术自卑感，因此C选项正确。选项A“关于文化、艺术和商业的文章”，不符合文章的内容，可排除。选项B“关于时尚的文章和图片”，文章并没有提到是关于时尚的文章和图片，也可排除。D选项“流行物品的图片”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句“To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsors,” reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet. “We would like Italians.”（他的宣传小册子上有这样一句话：“哥伦布要想在美洲登陆，必须借助西班牙的赞助。”“我们喜欢意大利人”）。D选项“激发起他们炽热的爱国主义热情”。因为在他的宣传册上有这样一句，必须得到西班牙的赞助，可推测这会引起意大利人民的自豪感，因此D选项正确。A选项“包括他们在哥伦布行动”，意大利伙伴并没有参与哥伦布行动，A选项排除。B选项“给他们看惊人的价格标签”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“将他们与西班牙赞助商进行比较”，并没有将两者进行比较，可排除C选项。因此正确答案为D选项。4. 翻译题(1) Cultural norms so completely surround people, so permeate thought and action that we never recognize the assumptions cm which their lives and their sanity rest. As one observer put it, if birds were suddenly endowed with scientific curiosity they might examine many things, but the sky itself would be overlooked as a suitable subject: if fish were to become curious about the world, it would never occur to them to begin by investigating water. (2) For birds and fish would take the sky and sea for granted, unaware of their profound influence because they comprise the medium for every fact. Human beings, in a similarly way, occupy a symbolic universe governed by codes that are unconsciously acquired and automatically employed. So much so that they rarely notice that the ways they interpret and talk about events are distinctively different from the ways people conduct their affairs in other cultures.As long as people remain blind to the sources of their meanings, they are imprisoned within them. Th