2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第115期

2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The seller or his agents are not obliged in law to tell you of the defects or true conditions of the house. So, it is important that your own surveyor is sent to make a structural survey of the house after you have made an offer for in, but before you enter legal commitment.Your surveyors job is to find out all the internal and exterior defects in the house and to indicate to you how much money it will cost to put them right. He will tell you whether the house is worth the price being asked and may suggest a price to negotiate with the seller. If he does his job well, he will earn his-fee (which for a straightforward survey of a five-room house is not likely to be less than 50) by providing information which can be used to start negotiations.Many defects are not apparent to the ordinary house buyer but can be delec1ed detected by the expertthe surveyor. The building society or local authority from which you hope to get a loan will send itsis surveyor too, whose fee you will have to pay. This surveyor makes only a valuation (not a full survey) to see whether the priority is good security for the part of the purchase price you might be leant. His report is confidential and may not be available to you, though building society may be prepared to tell the purchaser about really major defects following their valuation. They may in fact make it a condition of the mortgage that you will have the defects repaired within a stated time (at your own expense of course).If you are building a new house, you will also need assurance that the house is properly built and the building will accept the responsibility for any defects that may appear due to poor design, materials or workmanship. If a builder is restricted with National House-Builders Registration Council, you will know that the house has been spot-check inspected at periodic intervals during buildings. Arbitration machinery and for newly-built house, a 10-year protection against major structural defects, exist should things go wrong and the builder seek to avoid responsibility.If the builder is not registered it will be wise to get a competent surveyor to check the house over during various stages of construction. (He will charge a fee for each visit to the site.)1. What stage in buying a house is a surveyor employed?2. What is the main reason to employ a surveyor?3. Why does the building society or local authority send is own surveyor?4. The main difference between the surveyors employed by you and the building society is that _.5. The buyer of a new house has to be sure that _.问题1选项A.After you have inspected the house yourself.B.Shortly before you take up residence in the house.C.Before you have any kind of discussion about the price.D.During the early stage of free negotiation.问题2选项A.To inspect and report on the condition of the house.B.To tell you the true value of the house.C.To assist you in negotiating for a lower price.D.To advise you about carrying out repairs.问题3选项A.To provide them with information they need in advising the possible buyer.B.To check the report prepared by the buyers surveyor.C.To check what repairs the buyer must carry out before getting a loan.D.To find out whether it will be advisable to lend the purchase money.问题4选项A.the second surveyor is not interested in the defects of the houseB.you do not have to pay for the second surveyorC.the second surveyors job is to decide what the house is worthD.the second surveyors job is to find out whether house is fit to live in问题5选项A.the construction of the house has been constantly supervisedB.serious constructional faults will be put right during various stages of constructionC.he will have legal protection in the case of a dispute with the builderD.the builder is registered with the National House-Builders Registration Council【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段So, it is important that your own surveyor is sent to make a structural survey of the house after you have made an offer for it, but before you enter legal commitment.（因此，重要的是，在你提出报价后，但在你进入法律承诺之前，要派你自己的测量师对房子进行结构测量）和第二段Your surveyors job is to find out all the internal and exterior defects in the house and to indicate to you how much money it will cost to put them right. He will tell you whether the house is worth the price being asked and may suggest a price to negotiate with the seller.（你的测量师负责找出房子里所有的内部和外部缺陷，并告诉你修复这些缺陷需要多少钱。他会告诉你房子的价格是否值得商谈。），由此可知测量师是在你与卖方讨论价格之前为你工作的，所以C选项“在你讨论价格之前”正确。A选项“你自己检查完房子之后”，文章没有提到需要自己检查房子，且这是测量师的工作，属于无中生有；B选项“在你住进这所房子之前不久”以及D选项“在自由谈判的早期阶段”都与文章事实不相符，属于曲解原文。因此C选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段Your surveyors job is to find out all the internal and exterior defects in the house and to indicate to you how much money it will cost to put them right. He will tell you whether the house is worth the price being asked and may suggest a price to negotiate with the seller.（你的测量师负责找出房子里所有的内部和外部缺陷，并告诉你修复这些缺陷需要多少钱。他会告诉你房子的价格是否值得商谈。），由此可知请测量师的主要原因是为了让你知道自己房子的价格是否值得商谈，所以B选项“告诉你房子的真正价值”正确。A选项“检查并报告房屋状况”，此处虽然有提及，但这是测量师的主要工作，并不是请他的主要原因，属于张冠李戴；C选项“帮助你谈一个更低的价格”，此处提到测量师只会告诉你房子的价格是否值得商谈，并不会帮助你谈价，属于曲解原文；D选项“建议你进行修理”，此处提到测量师只会告诉你修理房子缺陷的大概费用，没有提到他们会建议你修理，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章三段The building society or local authority from which you hope to get a loan will send its surveyor too, whose fee you will have to pay.They may in fact make it a condition of the mortgage that you will have the defects repaired within a stated time (at your own expense of course).（你希望从那里获得贷款的房屋互助协会或地方当局也会派遣测量师，你必须支付测量师的费用事实上，他们可能会以你在规定的时间内修复缺陷作为抵押的条件，当然是费用自理。），由此可推断出房屋互助协会和地方当局请测量师的原因是为了检查买方在贷款前需要的维修之处，所以C选项“检查买方在获得贷款前必须进行的维修”正确。A选项“向他们提供他们在向潜在买家提供建议时所需的信息”文章没有提到，属于无中生有；B选项“检查买方检验师准备的报告”对应文章第三段，该段中只提到房屋互助协会或地方当局请的测量师的最终报告买方是无法看到的，并不是说他们请测量师是为了检查买方检验师所准备的报告，该选项属于曲解原文；D选项“看看借出购买款项是否明智”文章没有提及，属于无中生有。因此C选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段The building society or local authority from which you hope to get a loan will send its surveyor too, whose fee you will have to pay. They may in fact make it a condition of the mortgage that you will have the defects repaired within a stated time (at your own expense of course).（你希望获得贷款的房屋互助协会或地方当局也会派遣测量师，你必须支付测量师的费用事实上，他们可能会以你在规定的时间内修复缺陷作为抵押的条件，当然，费用由你自己承担），由此可知房屋互助协会雇佣的测量师是为了测量房子缺陷，用此作为评估给你贷款的依据，如果缺陷重大不宜居住，地方当局会先让你修复好，直到房子适宜居住再贷款给你，所以D选项“第二种测量师的工作是找出房子是否适合居住”正确。A选项“第二种测量师对房子的缺陷不感兴趣”说法错误，第二段说到测量师的工作就是检查房子缺陷，该选项属于反向干扰；B选项“你不必付钱给第二类测量师”说法错误，第三段提到了“whose fee you will have to pay”，所以该选项也属于反向干扰；C选项“第二种测量师的工作是决定房子的价值”，决定房子价值的是第一类测量师，属于张冠李戴。因此D选项正确。5.推理判断题。由题干可定位到第四段第一句If you are building a new house, you will also need assurance that the house is properly built and the building will accept the responsibility for any defects that may appear due to poor design, materials or workmanship.（如果你正在建造一所新房子，你还需要确保房子合理建造，并且将为建筑由于设计、材料或工艺不良而可能出现的任何缺陷责任。），由此可知需要确保房子的质量，确保房子没有大问题，所以B选项“严重的施工失误将在施工的各个阶段得到纠正”正确。D选项“建筑公司在国家房屋建筑商注册委员会注册”对应第五段If the builder is not registered it will be wise to get a competent surveyor to check the house over during various stages of construction.（如果建筑商没有注册，最好找一个有资质的测量师在不同的施工阶段检查房屋。），由此可知建筑商是否注册不是考查的必要条件，属于反向干扰。A选项“房子的建造始终受到监督”对应第四段第二句“If a builder is restricted with National House-Builders Registration Council, you will know that the house has been spot-check inspected at periodic intervals during buildings.（如果一个建筑商受管制于国家房屋建筑商注册委员会，你就知道该房屋在建造期间会被定期抽查。）”，结合第五段可知在国家房屋建筑商注册委员会注册过的会受到监督，而建筑商不一定注册，属于曲解原文。C选项“如果与建筑商发生纠纷，将受到法律保护”对应第四段最后一句“Arbitration machinery and for newly-built house, a 10-year protection against major structural defects, exist should things go wrong and the builder seek to avoid responsibility.（仲裁机制为防止房屋重大结构缺陷和建筑商逃避责任，对新建房屋有10年保护期。）”，由此可知如果和建筑商发生纠纷，原本就会受到法律保护，不需要去确定这件事，属于曲解原文。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Everyone in the auditorium was weeping by the time he finished his（ ）tale.问题1选项A.sympatheticB.patheticC.syntheticD.interesting【答案】B【解析】sympathetic同情的；pathetic悲惨的；synthetic综合的，人造的；interesting有趣的。根据句意可知，观众们都哭了，说明这是一个悲惨的故事。选项B更符合语境。3. 单选题Her 30-year study of the Gombe National Park chimpanzees is the largest continuous field project ever recorded. It has made herand the chimpanzeesa living _, earning her honorary degrees, doctorates and wildlife conservation awards all over the world.问题1选项A.legendB.specimenC.maximumD.document【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项legend“传奇”；B选项specimen“样本”；C选项maximum“最大限度”；D选项document“文件”。句意：她花了30年研究贡贝国家公园里的黑猩猩，是有记录以来规模最大的连续野外研究项目。这让她和黑猩猩们成为活生生的_，并获得了世界各地的荣誉学位、博士学位和野生动物保护奖。这个项目是有记录以来规模最大的连续野外研究项目，超出了人们的想象，A选项legend“传奇”符合题意。因此A选项正确。4. 写作题Some people tend to study a subject in a very intensive way over a short period of time, while others tend to study a subject constantly over a long period of time. What do you think is a better way of learning? Explain why.【答案】Intensive Learning Is an Efficient Way for Learning5. 单选题The child is _ all the evidence for his opinion.问题1选项A.not encourage either to be critical for his opinionB.encouraged either to be critical nor to examineC.either encouraged to be critical or to examineD.neither encouraged to be critical nor to examine【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：孩子_被鼓励批判，_被鼓励检验支持他的观点的所有证据。A、B选项用法错误；C选项eitheror“要么要么”；D选项neithernor“既不也不”。批判和检验都有判断是非对错的含义，属于同样的意思，D选项neithernor比较符合题意。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题One of the reasons for his popularity in our village is that he（ ）almost everyone every time when he comes back from the big city.问题1选项A.asks afterB.runs forC.brings upD.takes after【答案】A【解析】ask after探问, 问候；run for竞选；bring up提出；take after与相像。句意：他在我们村里受欢迎的原因之一是, 他几乎每次从大城市回来都会问候所有人。选项A符合语境。7. 单选题In times of economic difficulty, corporate budgets for research development are often（ ）before any others.问题1选项A.shiftedB.examinedC.slashedD.presented【答案】C【解析】shift转移, 变换；examine检查；slash削减；present提出, 呈现。句意：在经济困难时期, 企业的研究开发预算往往比其他任何时候都要先削减。选项C符合句意。8. 单选题He developed a（ ） attitude after years of frustration in his career.问题1选项A.encouragedB.disgustedC.drasticD.cynical【答案】D【解析】encouraged鼓舞人心的；disgusted厌烦的；drastic激烈的；cynical愤世嫉俗的。句意：在经历了多年的事业挫折之后，他变得愤世嫉俗。选项D符合语境。9. 单选题_, it is widely used in making flares and fireworks.问题1选项A.As the brilliant white light that burning magnesium producesB.Because of the brilliant white light of burning magnesiumC.The brilliant white light of burning magnesiumD.Burning magnesium produces a brilliant white light【答案】B【解析】考查连词。句意：由于镁燃烧时发出明亮的白光，它被广泛用于制造照明弹和烟花。A选项中as“因为”只能接句子，不能接名词性短语；B选项中because of“因为”可以接名词性短语，符合题意；C选项是名词性短语，放进来整个句子结构错误；D选项是完整的句子，放进来构成两个独立的句子且没有连词进行连接，语法错误。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题He（ ）a messenger to tell the king what had happened.问题1选项A.dispatchedB.authorizedC.nominatedD.entrusted【答案】A【解析】dispatch派遣；authorize授权；nominate任命；entrust委托。句意：他派了一个使者去告诉国王发生了什么事。选项B和C太过于正式；选项D不符合语境；所以选项A更恰当。11. 单选题If one brand of computer is （ ）with another brand, they can be used together and can use the same software.问题1选项A.competentB.compulsoryC.comparableD.compatible【答案】D【解析】competent 胜任的, 有能力的；compulsory 义务的, 必修的；comparable同等的, 可比较的；compatible兼容的, 能共处的。句意：如果一个品牌的电脑与另一个品牌的电脑兼容, 它们就可以一起使用, 并且可以使用相同的软件。选项D符合句意。12. 单选题Companies spend millions of dollars on ads and commercials, trying to（ ）the American public into purchasing their products.问题1选项A.misplaceB.mockC.maneuverD.manifest【答案】C【解析】misplace放错地方；mock嘲笑；maneuver 调动, 调遣；manifest证明, 显示。句意：公司花费数百万美元在广告和商业上, 试图调动美国民众购买他们的产品。选项C符合句意。13. 单选题The elegant decorations （ ）the gym into a starlit ballroom.问题1选项A.transplantedB.transferredC.transcendedD.transformed【答案】D【解析】transplant移植, 迁移；transfer转让, 移交；transcend胜过, 超越；transform改变, 转换。句意：优雅的装饰把体育馆变成了星光灿烂的舞厅。选项D符合句意。14. 翻译题1. If the young engineer didnt have all these qualities, he could never have done what he has done or have the chance of succeeding in what he is trying to do.2. Cloning doesnt necessarily make cells grow old, and can even act as a fountain of youth, say researchers who have been investigating a group of cloned calves.3. We often reach an impasse in our thinking, at that moment we are looking at a problem, and trying to solve it and it seems there is a dead end.4. The curriculum of the high school is similar to conventional school that provide preparation for college, complete with English, history, math and science, besides, all students are required to take performing arts and sports and provide a community service.5. In the Philippines, women were found to contribute about a third of households cash income, but 55 percent of household support if the economic value of their activities at home, such as growing food, or gathering hay to feed the family donkey, is included.【答案】1. 如果这位年轻的工程师没有所有这些品质，他就不可能完成他所做的事情，也不可能有机会在他所尝试的事情上取得成功。2. 一直在研究一组克隆小牛的研究人员说，克隆不一定会使细胞衰老，甚至还能起到不老泉的作用。3. 我们经常在思维过程中陷入僵局，当我们看到问题并试图解决时，似乎就会有一个死胡同。4. 这所高中的课程与传统学校的课程类似，都为升入大学做准备，包括英语、历史、数学和科学。但所有的学生都必须选修表演艺术和体育，还要提供社区服务。5. 研究发现，在菲律宾，妇女贡献了家庭现金收入的三分之一，但如果算上家务的经济价值，比如种植粮食或收集干草饲养家中的驴子，则为家庭贡献了55%。15. 翻译题 A lot of the foreigners who come to Beijing arrive with anxiety, thinking that the Chinese are distant. But I think they are very affable, much like the Spanish. Sure, they speak a different language, have their own values and codes of behavior but I do not agree with the view that they are very stand-offish. One just has to make an effort to connect and never prejudge.Has China changed me as a person? Well, I wouldnt remember how I was before because I was so young and 30 years is a long time. But I suppose coming here opened my eyes to a lot of things. From the Chinese I learnt to persevere and to have no limits for effort and work. Ive been infected by that. But I also learnt the relativity of things: nothing is completely and absolutely good and nothing is completely and absolutely bad. And, yes, the value of waiting, but also the sense of jumping towards opportunity. I learned a lot of things but I continue to learn.Even though Ive been here for a long time I would not say I have two identities, a Spanish one and a Chinese one. Naturally I am Spanish because I was born and raised in Barcelona. I am here only as an observer. And I think it is good to be as such. Not as one who does not know where his rightful place is but one who is involved. I do, however, believe one can become Chinese because China has a strong force. But I do not think Id ever become Chinese. I can only say that I can arrive at understanding of what it is to be Chinese.【答案】很多初到北京的外国人觉得忐忑不安，认为中国人不够热情。但我认为他们非常友好，这点很像西班牙人。当然他们说着不同的语言，有他们自己的价值和行为准则，但我不同意把他们看成是冷漠的人。一个人只是必须通过努力才能实现沟通，而绝不要武断。中国有没有改变我的为人之道呢？噢，我都记不得我曾经是个怎么样的人，因为那时我是那么年轻，而30年是一段很长的时间。但我认为，我来这里见识了许多事情。我从中国人身上学到了百折不挠和不遗余力地工作。我被这些精神感染了。但我也学会了事物的相对性：凡事没有绝对的好，也没有绝对的坏。此外，是的，我还学会了等待的价值，还有把握机遇的意义。我学到了很多但我还将继续学习。尽管我在这里很长时间了，我不想说我具有两种身份，一个西班牙人和一个中国人。 本质上讲我是西班牙人，因为我在巴塞罗那出生成长。我在这里只是作为一个旁观者。而我认为这样很好。不是作为一个不知自己确切身份的人，而是一个具有参与感的人。尽管我的确相信一个外国人有可能变成中国人，因为中国具有一种强大的力量。但我不认为我曾一度成为中国人，我只能说，我能够理解怎样才算是中国人。16. 单选题The complexity of popular culture is often overlooked in our society. People express concern about the social effects of popular culturefor example, the influence of television violence on children. Yet most people look down on the study of popular culture, as if it contains nothing of significance. This contradiction makes it difficult sometimes to investigate and discuss popular culture.As U.S. Americans, we are in a unique position in relationship to popular culture. Products of U.S. popular culture are well known and circulate widely on the international market. The popularly of U.S music stars, such as Michael Jackson and Madonna, and of Hollywood films and television shows creates an uneven flow of texts between the Unites States and other nations. Scholars Elihu Katz and Tamar Liebes noted the “apparent ease with which American television programs cross cultural and linguistic frontiers”. Indeed the phenomenon is so taken for granted that hardly any systematic research has been done to explain the reasons why these programs are so successful.In contrast, U.S. Americans are rarely exposed to popular culture from outside the United States. Exceptions to this largely one-way movement of popular culture include rock stars who sing in English. Consider how difficult it is to find foreign films or television programs throughout most of the United States. The apparent imbalance of cultural texts globally not only renders U.S Americans more dependent on U.S-produced popular culture, but it also can lead to cultural imperialism.The study of popular culture has become increasingly important in the communication field. Although intercultural communication scholars traditionally have overlooked popular culture, we believe that popular culture is a significant influence in intercultural interactions.1.“This contradiction” in paragraph 1 refers to the contradiction between （ ）.2.According to the passage, one-way movement of popular culture may lead to（ ）.3.Implied but not stated:（ ）.4.Americans depend more on U.S-produced popular culture because（ ）.5.Which of the following best expresses the authors opinion on the study of popular culture?问题1选项A.peoples concern about the social effects of popular culture and the overlook of the study of popular culture.B.the complexity of popular culture and peoples concern about the social effects of popular culture.C.the complexity of popular culture and the overlook of the study of popular cultureD.the significance of popular culture and the study of popular culture.问题2选项A.cultural imperialismB.the popularity of rock stars who sing in EnglishC.the overlook of popular cultureD.the systematic research on popular culture问题3选项A.Popular programs have been overlookedB.Products of U.S popular culture are more widely spread in other nations than in the U.SC.Social effects of popular culture are of great importance.D.The reasons why U.S popular culture is globally successful have not been found问题4选项A.they dislike television programs of other nationsB.popular culture from outside the United States is hardly found on the American marketC.the study of popular culture is overlookedD.U.S. popular culture is well known in the world问题5选项A.Popular culture has made a global influence in intercultural communication.B.The imbalance of popular culture is harmful to Americans.C.Intercultural researchers should pay attention to the study of popular culture.D.The international marker should not be dominated by U.S. popular culture【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文可知, “This contradiction”指的是上一句提到的人们表达了流行文化对社会影响的担忧例如, 电视暴力对儿童的影响。然而, 大多数人看不起流行文化的研究, 觉得它没有任何意义。所以选项A与原文相符。2.细节事实题。根据关键词“one-way movement”定位到第三段最后一句“The apparent imbalance of cultural texts globally not only renders U.S Americans more dependent on U.S-produced popular culture, but it also can lead to cultural imperialism.”可知, 选项A正确。3.推理判断题。此题可采用排除法。根据第二段的内容可知, 选项A表述错误；选项B在文中并没有相关的信息表明；选项D是原文内容；所以只有选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“Consider how difficult it is to find foreign films or television programs throughout most of the United States.”可知, 在美国大部分地区很难找到外国电影或电视节目。选项B符合原文。5.主旨大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知, 作者认为流行文化在跨文化交际中有着重要的影响。选项A符合原文。17. 单选题The medicine（ ） his pain but did not cure his illness.问题1选项A.increasedB.alleviatedC.interruptedD.deteriorated【答案】B【解析】increase增加；alleviate减轻，缓和；interrupt中断，打扰；deteriorate恶化。根据句意可知，这里指减轻疼痛，选项B符合句意