2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前模拟强化练习题71（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题One cannot be really happy if（ ） he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.问题1选项A.thatB.howC.whatD.where【答案】C【解析】考查从句连接词的用法。句意：一个人如果喜欢做的事被社会认为没有价值而被忽略的话，他不会真的快乐。分析句子可知空格处要填入一个引导主语从句的连词，选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Its a pity that we should stay at home when we have（ ）weather .问题1选项A.so fineB.such fineC.such a fineD.so fine a【答案】B【解析】考查so与such的用法。weather 是不可数名词，such + adj. + 不可数名词，所以选项B符合题意。 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE 3. 单选题The town square really looks magnificent at night when it is（ ）问题1选项A.illuminatedB.decoratedC.furnishedD.inhabited【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。illuminated “被照明的”；decorated “装饰的，修饰的”；furnished “家具，有家具的”；inhabited “有人居住的”。句意：当灯光照亮时，夜晚的城市广场看上去真的很宏伟。选项A符合题意。4. 翻译题The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts.Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement.It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuade and how compromise, is reached within the culture of the negotiation.In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthyand impersonal.It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multimillion-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiators role becomes that of an impersonal purveyor of information and cash.In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiators position.Two traits in particular those cause cross-cultural misunderstandings are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore，American negotiators, often insist on realizing short-term benefits. Foreign negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits.In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator.Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success for negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding.【答案】国际贸易以及海外投资的增长促使了对具有语言知识和跨文化交流技巧的人才的需求的出现。交流包括说服和妥协，但是为了使交流者参与其中任何一项，谈判代表必须要了解在谈判的文化中怎么说服他人以及怎么妥协。在国外的谈判者看来，美国人代表的一个资产几百万的公司可以支付任何费用，不用讨价还价。尤其能够导致跨文化误会的两个特点是美国谈判者的直接了断和没耐心。为了巩固彼此之间的关系，他们通常会采用间接交流的方法，而不去计较用于了解对方谈判者的时间。5. 单选题Bob was not a （ ）man who never made a quick decision about anything.问题1选项A.boldB.recklessC.deliberateD.rash【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。bold “大胆的，英勇的”；reckless “鲁莽的，不顾后果的”； deliberate “故意的，深思熟虑的”；rash “轻率的，鲁莽的”。句意：Bob不是那种在做决定之前多加思考的人。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题Relief organizations have contributed （ ）money to famine in Africa.问题1选项A.both time andB.time butC.neither time andD.neither time nor【答案】A【解析】考查连接词的用法。句意：救援组织为非洲的饥荒出钱出力。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题The environment is everything that surrounds us: plants, animals, buildings, country, air, and water literally everything that can affect us in any way. The environment of a town, with its buildings and traffic and its noise and smells, where everyone is on top of everyone else, is a far cry from that of the countryside, with its fields and crops, its wild and domestic animals and its feeling of spaciousness. And the environment differs in different parts of the world.Ecology is the science of how living creatures and plants exist together and depend on each other and on the local environment. Where an environment is undisturbed, the ecology of an area is in balance, but if a creature is exterminated（灭绝）or an alien species introduced, then the ecology of the district will be upset in other words, the balance of nature will be disturbed.Man is a part of the environment and has done more to upset the ecology during his short span on earth than any other living creature. He has done this by his ignorance, his greed, his foolishness and his wastefulness.He has poisoned that atmosphere and polluted both land and water. He has wasted the earths natural resources with no thought for the future, and has thought out the most devastating ways of killing his fellow men and every other sort of life at the same time.Since man has done so much damage, it is up to man to try to put matters right if it is not already too late. If there is to be any remedy for our ills, that remedy ultimately lies in the hands of the young, and the sooner they start doing something about it, the better.One of the main causes of the earths troubles is that the world is overpopulated and that this overpopulation is growing at an ever-increasing rate. At the same time, we are using up our natural resourcesfuels and mineral oresat an ever-increasing rate with no hope of replacing them.For many years the earth has been unable to provide enough food for these rapidly expanding populations and the position is steadily deteriorating since the fertility of some of our richest soils has been lost and vast areas that were once fertile lands have turned into barren deserts. And the trouble with deserts is that they tend to creep outwards on to the fertile soils. What is now the northern Sahara Desert was the granary（粮仓）of the civilized world 2,500 years ago.Even at this moment many of the earths natural treasures are being destroyed, many valuable animals and plants are being killed off,and it is becoming increasingly difficult to grow enough food to preserve much of the earths population from starvation. The situation is getting out of hand. Time is running out. But with your help, we may be able to reverse the trends which threaten our very existence. Who cares?1.The ecology of an area is in balance if （ ）.2.During his life on earth, man has （ ）.3.The young（ ） .4.One of the greatest problems is that there are （ ）.5.The main purpose of this passage is（ ） .问题1选项A.there is no noiseB.there is no interruptionC.there is no interferenceD.there are no people问题2选项A.done more than any living creatureB.caused the most damage to the ecologyC.damaged the ecology more than other living creaturesD.done more harm than good问题3选项A.can handle the problemB.have the answer to the problemC.are responsible for the problemD.hold the responsibility for the future问题4选项A.many people in the world expanding rapidlyB.too many people in the world, and their numbers are increasingC.too many people increasing in the worldD.too many people in the world always expanding问题5选项A.to inform people about the science of ecologyB.to encourage people to do something about the environmentC.to criticize Mans actionsD.to help us understand the world we live in【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.文章第二段第二句Where an environment is undisturbed, the ecology of an area is in balance, but if a creature is exterminated or an alien species introduced, then the ecology of the district will be upset in other words, the balance of nature will be disturbed提到环境没有遭到破坏的地方就是生态平衡的地方，但是如果有某一种生物灭绝或者有外来物种入侵，那么这个地方的生态系统就会被破坏，换言之，自然界的生态平衡被打破。所以选项C符合题意。2.文章第三段Man is a part of the environment and has done more to upset the ecology during his short span on earth than any other living creature 提到人类是环境的一部分，在其存在于地球上的短暂时间中，对生态造成的破坏比其他任何生物都多。选项C符合题意。3.文章第五段if it is not already too late. If there is to be any remedy for our ills, that remedy ultimately lies in the hands of the young, and the sooner they start doing something about it, the better 提到现在还不算太晚，还有补救的机会，主要就是靠年青一代，并且这些补救措施越早实施越好。选项D符合题意。4.文章第六段one of the main causes of the earths troubles is that the world is overpopulated and that this overpopulation is growing at an ever-increasing rate提到让地球变成如今这样的主要原因之一便是世界人口过多，并且人口的数量还在不断增加。选项B符合题意。5.文章主要讲了人类对生态平衡造成的破坏，并且呼吁人们在还没到无法挽回的地步前赶紧采取措施，避免生态进一步恶化。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just（ ） and needs proving.问题1选项A.spontaneousB.intuitiveC.hypotheticalD.empirical【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Spontaneous “自发的，自然的”；intuitive “直觉的，直观的”；hypothetical “假设的”；empirical “经验主义的”。根据题意“无论是谁提出了宇宙起源的理论”，这都是需要证明的，说明这只是一个假设。所以C选项符合题意。9. 单选题The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the court in effect supported the medical principle of “ double effect”，a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effectsa good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseenis permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death”.George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as good doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “Its like surgery, he says. “We dont call those deaths homicides because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If youre a physician, you can risk your patients suicide as long as you dont intend their suicide. ”On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Courts ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospitals, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “A large number of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering”，to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse”. He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension”.1.We learn from the passage that （ ）2.George Annas may agree that （ ）.3.According to the NASs report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is（ ） .4.Whats the possible meaning of “ aggressive”( Line 3, Para. 7) ?5.According to George Annas，which of the following medical behaviors should be punished?问题1选项A.doctors never increase drug dosages to control their patients painB.it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their livesC.the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicideD.patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide问题2选项A.a doctors medication shouldnt be justified by his intentionsB.doctors cannot give patients large dosages of medication on any accountC.high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribedD.doctors should be held guilty if they risk their patients death问题3选项A.prolonged medical proceduresB.inadequate treatment of painC.systematic drug abuseD.insufficient hospital care问题4选项A.Bold.B.Harmful.C.Positive.D.Energetic.问题5选项A.Treating patient impatiently.B.Giving patients more medicine than needed.C.Reducing drug dosages for patients.D.Prolonging the needless suffering of the patients.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段和第二段的第一句话提到最高法院关于医生协助自杀的裁决有重要的意义，最高法院支持流传了几个世纪的道德准则，这说明最高法院认为医生没有协助病人自杀的权利，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章在第五段和最后一段提到了George Annas。在第五段中，他认为只要医生开药是出于合理的医疗目的，即使这些药会加速病人的死亡，医生也没有违法。最后一段最后一句他提出如果病人痛苦死去是医生护理不好的表现，从两段可以看出，他支持医生大剂量用药，所以选项C符合题意。3.文章第七段第二句话提及临终护理存在的问题，一个是 the undertreatment of pain (没有对病人的疼痛采取有效的措施)，一个是ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying （强行使用无效的治疗方法来延长病人的生命，使其失去最后的尊严）。选项B符合题意。4.单词出现的句子是：It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care. 句意：对病人疼痛处理不力和_无效的治疗方法来延长病人的生命，使其失去最后的尊严。由这句话中的ineffectual，forced, dishonor这些词推出这样的治疗是没有效果的，是不积极的。选项A符合题意。harmful 与use搭配不符合语意。5.文章最后一段George Annas否定了大量医生无视病人的痛苦，用药延长病人痛苦这些做法。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题Hundreds of people （ ）on the playground for watching the Dragon Lantern show.问题1选项A.contrivedB.conformedC.conferredD.converged【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contrive “发明，设计”；conform “符合，遵照”；confer “授予，给予”；converge “聚集”。句意：数百人聚集在广场上看龙灯表演。选项D符合题意。11. 单选题Most of the leading food shops have promised to（ ） prices until after the new year.问题1选项A.keep offB.keep downC.keep outD.keep back【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。keep off “让开，不接近”；keep down “控制，缩减”；keep out “阻止进入”；keep back “留下；隐瞒；阻止”。句意：大部分大食品商店都承诺在新年之前保持低价。选项B符合题意。12. 单选题Some minerals are quite common, others are regionally （ ）, and still others are rare on the earth.问题1选项A.attributedB.distributedC.contributedD.scattered【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。attribute “认为 是；把 归于”；distribute “分配，散发”；contribute “贡献”；scatter “分散，散开”。句意：有些矿藏很常见，有些则是区域性分布，还有些是地球上罕见的。选项B符合题意。13. 单选题I feel rather at a（ ） talking to her, because she is so clever.问题1选项A.defectB.faultC.disadvantageD.mistake【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。defect“缺点，缺陷”；fault“错误，缺点，毛病”；disadvantage“缺点，不利条件，损失”；mistake “错误，误会，过失”。句意：我感觉跟她谈话不占优势，因为她太聪明了。选项C符合题意。14. 单选题There is too great a （ ）of alcohol in Britain.问题1选项A.consumptionB.destructionC.absenceD.transmission【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。consumption “消费；消耗”；destruction “破坏；毁灭”；absence “缺乏；缺席”；transmission “传动装置;传送”。句意：英国的酒精消耗太大了。选项A符合题意。15. 单选题The appearance of this used car is quite （ ）, and it is much newer than it really is.问题1选项A.descriptiveB.impressiveC.deceptiveD.indicative【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Descriptive “描述性的”；impressive “令人印象深刻的”；deceptive “欺骗性的，迷惑的”；indicative “指示的”。根据句意“这辆旧车看起来比实际上要新”可知前文是说车的外表有迷惑性，所以选项C符合题意。16. 单选题Banking is about money; and no other familiar commodity arouses such excesses of passion and dislike. Nor is there any other about which more nonsense is talked. The type of thing that comes to mind is not what is normally called economics, which is inexact rather than nonsensical, and only in the same way as all sciences are at the point where they try to predict peoples behavior and its consequences. Indeed most social sciences and, for example, medicine could probably be described in the same way.However, it is common to hear assertions of the kind “if you were left alone on a desert island a few seed potatoes would be more use to you than a million pounds” as though this proves something important about money except the undeniable fact that it would not be much use to anyone in a situation where very few of us are at all likely to find ourselves. Money in fact is a token, or symbolic object, exchangeable on demand by its holders for goods and services. Its use for these purposes is universal except within a small number of primitive agricultural communities.Money and the price mechanism, i.e., the changes in prices expressed in money terms of different goods and services, are the means by which all modern societies regulate demand and supply for these things. Especially important are the relative changes in price of different goods and services compared with each other. To take random examples: the price of house-building has over the past five years risen a good deal faster than that of domestic appliances like refrigerators, but slower than that of motor insurance or French Impressionist paintings. This fact has complex implications for students of the industry, trade unionism, town planning, insurance companies, fine art suctions, and politics. Unpacking these implications is what economics is about, but their implications for bankers are quite different.In general, in modern industrialized societies, prices of services or goods produced in a context requiring a high service-content (e.g. a meal in a restaurant) are scale. It is also a characteristic of highly developed economies that the number of workers employed in service industries tends to rise and that of workers employed in manufacturing to fall. The discomfort this truth causes has been an important source of tension in western political life for many years and is likely to remain so for many more.1.According to the passage economics is（ ）.2.In the writers view, the assertion that money would be useless on a desert inland（ ） .3.Modern societies control supply and demand（ ） .4.The writer suggests that economics is concerned with（ ） .5.In developed economies, service industries（ ） .问题1选项A.similar to other social sciences because a lot of nonsense is talked about itB.different from social sciences which try to forecast the way people behaveC.similar to other social sciences because it can foretell the tomorrowD.different from sciences such as medicine问题2选项A.illustrates one limitation to the importance of moneyB.is only of importance to people stranded in such placesC.proves that there are many situations in which money is irrelevantD.tells us nothing of significance about money in a certain situation问题3选项A.by direct intervention in the pricing of goods and servicesB.by means of money and the price mechanismC.by keeping a watchful eye on relative price changesD.by fixing prices in specific industries问题4选项A.explaining to bankers the price changesB.understanding the effect of relative price changesC.trying to understand why some prices rise fastD.the same financial considerations as banking问题5选项A.tend to employ an increasing number of peopleB.employ more people than manufacturing industries doC.cause problems for the white collar unionsD.try to reduce their employees to combat rising costs【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题