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Lesson 1 Language LearningUnit 19 Language第1页/共110页ObjectivesTo read an article about learning English as a foreign language.To practise using noun clauses.To predict how technology will be used to help language learning in the future.第2页/共110页Part IPre-reading1. Do you think these are the reasons why English is so important?It has become an international language.It is used by people of the most countries in the world.It is one of the working languages at international meetings. Most of the valuable books are written in English. 第3页/共110页2. Do you think learning English is important for your future? Why?第4页/共110页3. Do you think it is difficult to learn English well? Why or why not?第5页/共110页Part IIFast-reading第6页/共110页Tell True or False according to the text. 1)In the 18th century, people predicted that English would be widely used.2)While learning a foreign language, its impossible to learn it without a native language environment.TF第7页/共110页3) Its necessary for students to learn a foreign language by getting a large amount high quality input in English.4) Experts advise enlarging your vocabulary as many as possible every day.5) The writer of the passage thinks highly of English.TFT第8页/共110页Part IIICareful-reading1. Read the text and answer the following questions.1)What has made more and more people decide to learn English in recent years?The growth of international companies, the great advances in communications, and the fact that English has become the global language have made more and more people decide to learn English in recent years.第9页/共110页2) According to some theories, what is the best way to learn a foreign language?The best way to learn a foreign language is to be surrounded by it, preferably by living in a country where the language is spoken.第10页/共110页3) How can teachers try to create a rich language environment in the classroom?They need to make sure that there is an adequate amount of quality input in English, conveyed through various mediums.第11页/共110页4) What extra work can you do outside of the classroom?You can learn ten new words a day, listen to English songs, read the news in English after watching it in your own language, watch English DVDs, and study with friends.第12页/共110页2. Say if the following sentences are true (T) of false (F).1)Experts recommend doing 2 hours of extra work once a week.2)Listening to an English song several times can help you revise your vocabulary.FFExperts say that just 15 minutes of extra- curricular study a dayListening to an English song several times in one week after reading the words.第13页/共110页3)Theres no point reading the news in English if youve already watched it in your own language. 4) Watching your favourite DVD in English will improve your listening skills.FTKnowing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English.第14页/共110页Part IVSummaryStructureDetailsThe (1) _ why people need to learn English.(Para.1)With the growing international companies and the great advances in communications, more and more people (2) _ to learn English as the second language. And the fact is that speaking more than one language makes you (3)_.reasons tend get ahead 第15页/共110页StructureDetailsThe (4) _ that people can learn English well in terms of theory. (Paras 2-3) People have realized that in the (5) _ of the native language environment, people cannot learn it well. In other words, you have to be (6)_ by the language. So teachers have to ensure rich language (7) _, which can be (8)_ to students through various mediums. way absence surrounded input conveyed 第16页/共110页StructureDetailsSome practical (9) _. (Paras 4-5)Here are some suggestions to English learners: setting (10)_ targets; listening to English songs; watching English DVDs; studying with your friends; and rewarding yourself. Please remember to keep (11)_.suggestions achievable dedicated 第17页/共110页Part VVoice your opinionWhat do you think can help you learn English well?第18页/共110页What do you think can help you learn English well?Discussionreading English books reading English newspapers watching English programs chatting with friends in English 第19页/共110页Part VILanguage Notes1. It was predicted as early as the 1700s that It is / was predicted that 据预测据预测 It is predicted that there will be 53 million people over 65 by 2020. 类似的句型有：类似的句型有： It is / was said that 据说据说 It is / was reported that 据报道据报道 It is / was widely recognized that 众所周知众所周知 It is estimated that 据估计据估计 It is generally accepted that 人们普遍认为人们普遍认为第20页/共110页2. In todays world, being able to speak more than one language, including English, is how you stand out and get ahead. 用法点拨用法点拨stand out在本句中表示“远远超过某人(= be much better than sb)”的意思，还可表示“突出；显眼(= be easily seen; be noticeable)”。例如：Yao Mings height made him stand out in the players who took part in the Olympic Games.第21页/共110页Helens work stands out from the rest of her workmates.海伦的工作成绩比她的同事要好。海伦的工作成绩比她的同事要好。拓展拓展stand 可以搭配不同的副词或介词表示不同的意思，例如：stand for 代表，忍受代表，忍受；stand back 退后退后；stand by 袖手旁观袖手旁观；stand out against 坚坚持抗议持抗议；stand in for sb 代表某人，代替代表某人，代替某人某人；stand aside 站到一边站到一边；stand up 起起立立第22页/共110页1. 你怎么可以袖手旁观让他那样对待他的小狗？ 2. 我们竭力顶住了要求关闭我们公司的一切做法。 3. 我再也忍受不了这些噪音了！How can you stand by and let him treat his little dog like that?We managed to stand out against all attempts to close down our company. I cant stand for all the noise any more. 即时演练即时演练 翻译句子翻译句子:第23页/共110页3. However, learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment. in the absence of 在在.不在场的情况下，缺乏不在场的情况下，缺乏 In the absence of any evidence, the police had to let Myers go. We are in the absence of experience. absence n. 缺乏；缺席缺乏；缺席 a complete absence of any kind of planning Please look after my house during my absence.第24页/共110页In the _ of proof , the police could not take action against the man . Alack Bshortage Cabsence Dfailure 答案：C。in the absence of 缺少。第25页/共110页4. Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language, you need to be surrounded by it. 用法点拨用法点拨attain vt. 在本句中的意思是“获得；得到(= succeed in getting sth)”。另外，attain还表示“达到，实现”的意思。第26页/共110页例如：After years of hard work, we finally attained our goal.经过多年的艰苦劳动，我们终于实现经过多年的艰苦劳动，我们终于实现了目标。了目标。I dont think it is easy to attain our target of 5 million yuan this year.我认为要在今年达到我认为要在今年达到500万元的目标不万元的目标不容易。容易。拓展拓展attainable adj. 可达到的；可实现的第27页/共110页get, gain, obtain, attain acquire obtain “获得、买到获得、买到”，用于正式语体中。，用于正式语体中。He obtained the property with a bank loan. gain 指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处，亦可指指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处，亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。军事上的武力夺取等。An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value. get 用得最广，可指以各种方式获得各种东西。用得最广，可指以各种方式获得各种东西。 Where can I get enough information? 第28页/共110页acquire 多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得。该词强调也可用于对财物等的获得。该词强调“一经获得就一经获得就会长期持有会长期持有”的含义。的含义。It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations. attain 指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果，也指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果，也可指达到某一目标。可指达到某一目标。The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month. 第29页/共110页选词填空。选词填空。To_ your dreams, you must work hard and get rid of many difficulties. A. gather B. attain C. assist D. manageAnswer: B即时演练即时演练第30页/共110页 In a typhoon, winds _ a speed greater than 120 kilometers per hour.A. assume B. accomplish C. attain D. assembleC第31页/共110页5. Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language, you need to be surrounded by it.用法点拨用法点拨surround v. 在本句的意思是“包围(= be all around sth/sb)”。常用于surround sb/sth with sb/sth (用某物或某人将围住)或sb/sth be surrounded by/with sth (周围是) 的结构中。例如：The house was surrounded by tall trees.房子的四周有高大的树木。房子的四周有高大的树木。 第32页/共110页Mary has always been surrounded with fashionable friends.玛丽的周围总有许多爱赶时髦的朋友。玛丽的周围总有许多爱赶时髦的朋友。拓展拓展 surrounding adj. 周围的；surroundings n. 环境即时演练即时演练 选词填空：_ by a host of fans, the film star left the airport excitedly.A. Gathered B. Surrounded C. Collected D. LightedB第33页/共110页6. What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums. 用法点拨用法点拨make sure 表示“确保；保证”的意思。其用法有：(1) 后接宾语从句； (2) 接of加名词或动名词的结构；(3) 后接what/how/when/ + to do sth。第34页/共110页例如：Before you leave the lab, make sure that all the lights are turned off.在离开实验室前，确保所有的灯已经关在离开实验室前，确保所有的灯已经关上。上。I have to make sure of the time and place first. 我得先把时间地点搞清楚。我得先把时间地点搞清楚。I cant make sure what to do in the future. 我不确定我将来会做什么。我不确定我将来会做什么。拓展拓展同义短语： make sure = make certain，两者可以互换。第35页/共110页选词填空选词填空:Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to _ there are no mistakes. A. look for B. make sure C. find out D. think aboutAnswer: B即时演练即时演练第36页/共110页7. What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input adequate adj. 足够的，充分的足够的，充分的 Thats not an adequate explanation.enough与与adequateenough为一般用语，有时可与为一般用语，有时可与adequate互互换。换。enough常用来表示数量或程度，不常用来表示数量或程度，不宜宜 用于表示性质、质量；而用于表示性质、质量；而adequate 既可用既可用于描述数量或程度，也可用于描述性质、于描述数量或程度，也可用于描述性质、质量。质量。第37页/共110页The research cant be completed without _ funds.A. adequate B. accessible C. adaptable D. adorableA第38页/共110页8. Quality input ensures quality output, whether it is speaking or writing. 用法点拨用法点拨ensure vt. 表示“确保；保证；担保(= make sure或guarantee)”。后面可直接跟宾语或复合宾语，也可以接that从句。例如：This book ensured his success.这本书确定了他的成就。这本书确定了他的成就。第39页/共110页These pills should ensure you a good nights sleep.这些药丸可以保你睡一宿好觉。这些药丸可以保你睡一宿好觉。I can ensure that he will come at 12 oclock.我能保证他将在我能保证他将在12点钟来。点钟来。 拓展拓展ensure是由词根sure加上前缀en构成的动词，类似的词还有：enable vt. 使能够；enlarge vt. 扩大；增大；变大；enrich vt. 使富裕第40页/共110页1. 夜间睡觉时请务必将所有的灯关掉。Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night when you sleep. 2. 如果你听从我的建议，我可以保证你取得巨大成功。If you follow my advice, I can ensure you great success. 即时演练即时演练 翻译下面的句子:第41页/共110页9. Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English. 用法点拨用法点拨 guarantee vt. “保证；担保(=promise sth with certainty)”。常用于下列句型结构：(1) guarantee +that 从句；(2) guarantee sb sth；(3) guarantee to do sth保证做某事。例如：I guarantee youll love this film.我保证你会喜欢这部电影的。我保证你会喜欢这部电影的。第42页/共110页If you send the application form straight away, I can guarantee you an interview.如果你马上交申请，我可以安排你进行如果你马上交申请，我可以安排你进行面试。面试。I cannot guarantee to work for more than a year.我不能保证将会工作一年多。我不能保证将会工作一年多。拓展拓展guarantee 还可以作名词，表示“保证；保证书；担保”等意思。例如：This washing machine comes with two years guarantee. 这洗衣机保修两年。这洗衣机保修两年。第43页/共110页翻译下面的句子：翻译下面的句子：1. 蓝色的天空不一定担保天气持续晴朗。I can guarantee that his debts will be paid on time. 2. 我保证他的债务会按时付清。I can guarantee that his debts will be paid on time. 即时演练即时演练第44页/共110页10. Watching a favorite DVD, but adjusting the language to English in parts you know well. 用法点拨用法点拨 adjust vt. 在本句中表示“调整；调节(= change sth so that it will be right for use)”的意思。它还可以表示“适应；使适合(= become or make suited to new conditions)”的意思，作及物动词时的用法有：(1) 后接宾语；(2) 后接宾语 + to + 代(名)词，表示“调节；调整；使适合或便于使用等”。第45页/共110页例如： The girl carefully adjusted her hair and her clothes before she went out.临出门前，那个女孩仔细地整了整头发临出门前，那个女孩仔细地整了整头发和衣服。和衣服。When we go into a cold room, our bodies adjust themselves to the changes in temperature.当我们进入寒冷的房间，我们的身体自当我们进入寒冷的房间，我们的身体自行调节以适应温度的变化。行调节以适应温度的变化。拓展拓展 adjustable adj 可调节的；可调整的； adjustment n. 调节；调整第46页/共110页即时演练即时演练选词填空:When he moved to a new house, he quickly _himself to the surroundings there. A. adjusted B. got C. settled D. changedAnswer: A第47页/共110页She tried her best to _ the life there, but failed to make any _.A. adjust to; sense B. adapt to; trouble C. adapt to ; effort D. adjust to; differenceD第48页/共110页Some people can never go above 4,000 meters because their body is unable to _ to those extreme conditions.Aadopt BadjustCaddict Daccess答案与解析：Badjust to“适应”。句意：一些人不能到超过(海拔)4,000米的高度，因为他们的身体不能适应那里极端的条件。adopt“采纳，收养”；addict“使上瘾”；access“接近”。第49页/共110页11. If you reach a target, treat yourself.treat v. 款待；请客；处理；治疗款待；请客；处理；治疗 She treated me to an ice-cream today. My mother always treats us like children. Glass must be treated carefully. He treated his mistake as a joke. This boy is being treated for a heart condition. 第50页/共110页12. Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well. 用法点拨用法点拨inform vt. 意为意为“告诉；告知告诉；告知(= tell或give information to sb)”，常用于以下结构：(1) inform sb of/about sth 告知某人某事； (2) inform sb that. 告知某人；(3) inform oneself of sth 使自己了解某事；(4) inform +疑问词疑问词 +不定式。不定式。例如：He informed the police about the robbery.他把抢劫案报告给警方。他把抢劫案报告给警方。第51页/共110页If you see the man wanted, please inform the police at once.如果你看到了那个被通缉的人，请立即报告如果你看到了那个被通缉的人，请立即报告警察。警察。He informed the police that some money was missing.他向警方报案说有些钱不见了。他向警方报案说有些钱不见了。Is there anyone who informed you when to start? 有人告诉你何时出发了吗？有人告诉你何时出发了吗？拓展拓展 informed adj有知识的；见闻广的第52页/共110页补全下列句子：1) 你们能尽快告诉我下次会议的时间和地点吗？Can you_ me _the time and address of the next meeting as soon as possible?inform of即时演练即时演练第53页/共110页2) 你能告诉我如何才能到最近的超市吗？Could you _ _ _ _ get to the nearest supermarket?3) 班主任通知学生下午三点前必须把表格交上去。The head teacher _the students _ they must hand in their forms before 3 pm.inform me how to informed that第54页/共110页Useful phrasesget aheadstand outin the absence of rely on make sure take the form of inform sb. of be well worth keep in mind取得成功取得成功/进步进步脱颖而出；突出脱颖而出；突出 缺乏；缺少缺乏；缺少依靠；信赖依靠；信赖设法确保设法确保 以以的形式的形式 （正式）通知（正式）通知/告知某人关于告知某人关于某事某事 很值得很值得.记住，牢记记住，牢记 第55页/共110页Part VIIVocabularyComplete the sentences with the correct form of the words below.convey, accelerate, inform, adequate, ensure, surround, acquisition, absence1) You werent at school yesterday. Will you please explain your_? 2) The policemen _ the man who had stolen the car.absencesurrounded第56页/共110页3) Dont forget to deliver the flowers and please _ that you get back in time for lunch.4) The teacher _ her students that they had no homework for the weekend. 5) Language _ is easier during childhood.ensureinformedacquisition第57页/共110页6) His music _ how he feels about the world.7) _ to 60 km an hour but dont go any faster please.8) Even when I tell my mother that I have already eaten an _ amount, she gives me more food.conveysAccelerateadequate第58页/共110页Part VIIIGrammarNoun ClausesWhich sentence is an example of:a) a subject clause, or a noun clause that acts as the subject of the sentence?b) an object clause, or a noun clause that acts as the object of the sentence?c) a predicative clause, or a noun clause that acts as the predicative of the sentence?d) a appositive clause, or a noun clause that acts as the appositive of the sentence?第59页/共110页1)It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language2), the changes that we will all have the opportunity to live in an English-speaking country are small.a subject clausean appositive clause第60页/共110页3) What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English4) Experts say that just 15 minutes of extra-curricular study a day can really accelerate foreign language learning.a subject clausea predictive clausean object clause第61页/共110页 名词性从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的引导词可分为三类, 一是that类，二是if / whether类，三是wh-疑问词类。名词性从句都必须与陈述句语序相同，即“主语谓语+其余成分”。 第62页/共110页 主语从句(subject clause) 就是在复合句中作主语的从句( (一)由关系代词what、代词whatever或whoever代词引起的主语从句 What he found surprised me greatly. Whoever is finished may rest.第63页/共110页(二)由连词that引起的主语从句，谓语一般是系表结构That China is a great socialist country is well known. 注：为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。 It is still unknown which team will win the match.第64页/共110页(三) 由连接代词 、连接副词及 whether （是否） 引起的主语从句 Who has broken the glass is unknown. How he worked it out is still a secret. What they make in this factory are TV sets. 第65页/共110页宾语从句(object clause) 就是在复合句中作宾语的从句(一)由连词that、疑问代词或副词(如how, why和where等)引出的宾语从句 They didnt say which they wanted. I am sure (that) no harm will ever come to you.注意：当think, believe, suppose等的疑问式后面跟连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句时，习惯上将这些连接词置于句首，即“连接代/副词do you think / believe / expect宾语从句的其余部分”。如： Who do you think is the best player this year? 第66页/共110页(二)介词后的宾语可以是名词或代词，也可以是个句子，即宾语从句，也可以由what来引导。 I was surprised at what has happened.第67页/共110页表语从句 (predicative clause) 就是在连系动词之后作表语的从句。常见的引导词有what, when, where, why, whether, how, that, because, who, as if, as though等。引导表语从句的that一般省略。 The trouble is that we are short of funds. She seems as if she had done a great thing. It is because you eat too much. 第68页/共110页注意：要区分以下句式：注意：要区分以下句式：1. thats why + 结果；结果；thats because+原因原因2. the reason why / foris that He is absent. Thats because he is ill. He is ill. Thats why he is absent. The reason why he is absent is that he is ill. 第69页/共110页 同位语从句 (appositive clause)在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer, hope, fact, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, thought等后面，对其内容作进一步说明。 I had no idea what he is doing now. She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job. 第70页/共110页注：有时同位语从句并不紧跟在它所说明的词的后面。The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheeps clothing. 第71页/共110页A noun clause is a group of words that function together as a noun. Every noun clause has at least a subject and a predicate. Noun clauses are dependent clauses that fill noun phrase slots in a sentences such as subject, object, predictive or appositive.The manual for the new mobile phone informs us what we should do in case it does not work.subjectpredicate objectobject clausesubject predicateadverbial clause第72页/共110页The words that can introduce noun clauses are as follows:a) that;b) whether, if;c) what, who, which, where, when, why, how long/ much/ many etc.Noun clauses as a subject1) Its obvious that he enjoys his family life very much.2) Its true that age doesnt always bring wisdom.第73页/共110页3) Its likely that being too friendly with children will make them harder to control.4) Its a shame that he doesnt respect his parents.5) It matters much whether your parents understand and support you.第74页/共110页Notes: The word it is the grammatical subject of the sentence, taking the place of the noun clause that is the true subject of the sentence. The sentence would be equally grammatical without using it. e.g.Its a shame that he doesnt respect his parents. =That he doesnt respect his parents is a shame.第75页/共110页1) What I feel like doing most now is going out for a drive.2) Whether it works or not is what I really care about.3) Whether hell take the job is still unknown.4) Where theyll move their office to is not clear.5) When hell leave for New York hasnt been decided.However, this structure is more formal and less common in spoken English.第76页/共110页 Noun clauses as an object1)I hope that people will spend more money on education.2)Do you know which football team Bill supports?3)Would you mind telling me what size of shoes you take?4)I wonder whether I should accept the offer or not.5)He asked if I could show him how to operate the air conditioner.第77页/共110页 Noun clauses as a predictive1)His suggestion is that we should hire more experienced people.2)Thats what we should do.3)That is how they succeeded.4)That is why he was late for school.5)That was when my mom was in hospital.6) Things were not as we had expected.第78页/共110页Noun clauses as an appositiveAn appositive clause often follows another noun, explaining the content of the noun. These nouns are often followed by appositive clauses:news, fact, knowledge, thought, idea, belief, suggestion, feeling, word, etc.1) I had no idea when the train crash happened.2) The feeling that Im able to do what I like all day really makes me happy.第79页/共110页3) I get very stressed by traffic jams and the thought that Im going to be late.4) Word came that our duties would changed.5) How long will it be before people wake up to the fact that anyone can catch AIDS?6) The questions whether its going to last a lifetime remains unanswered.第80页/共110页Compare:The question whether its going to last a lifetime remains unanswered.The question that we have asked remains unanswered.The question that remains unanswe
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